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寒假课程初中语法之介词

学大教育个性化教学辅导教案

学科：英语任课教师：授课时间：年月日 (星期 ) 年级性别学校总课时____第__课知识与技能：专题语法之介词

过程与方法：趣味学习法，实践与理论相结合的方法，让学生能够轻松的理解语法态度与情感：让学生在学习语法时不再枯燥

介词的理解与运用

课前检查作业完成情况：优□良□中□差□

建议__________________________________________

过程

介词

一、表示时间的介词

1、

in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）

on具体某一天，星期、节日

at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点

注意：at noon在中午at night 在夜间

in the morning 在早上on the morning of July 1st在七月一日的早上

2、in + 时间段在……之后（内），多用于将来时

after +时间段在……之后，多用于过去时

3、since + 时间点 for + 时间段 (两者都常用于现在完成时)

He came here in 1992, and he has lived here since 1992.

I have known Li Lei for over five years.

4、before 在……之前

by 到……时为止,不迟于……

二、表示地点的介词

1.on 在……的上面,与表面接触

over 在……的正上方,垂直的上方，不接触表面

The bird is flying above my head.

2. under 在……下面,是on, over的反义词

below 在……下方,是above的反义词

3.in + 大地方

at + 小地方

on +门牌，某层楼 on the fifth floor

三、表示方位的介词

1.in 在某范围之内

to 在某范围之内，不强调是否接壤

on 与某地相邻、接壤

China lies in the east of Asia and to the north of Australia.

Mongolia is on the north of China.

2.across 表示横过，即从物体表面通过 across the road

through 从物体内部、中间穿过 through the forest

四、表方式、方法、手段

in 用材料（笔墨、颜色等）、用…语言in red ink in English

with 用工具、某物，一般接具体的工具和手段(还可以表带有，表伴随)

by 用方式、方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具 by bike by phone

五、其它介词

1.between 在两个人或两个事物之间

among 在……当中（三者或以上）

during 在……期间

2.except 除……之外，不包括

besides 除……之外，还包括

Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

3.常见的介词搭配

（看常见的介词搭配的资料，进行逐项分析）

三、几组介词的用法比较：

1. in, at, on：这三个介词都可以表示时间，但在使用上有区别。

⑴ in表示时间段，即在较长的一段时间内。例如：in the morning / afternoon /

evening 在早晨／下午／晚上in the daytime / night 在白天／夜里in a day / week / month / year 在一天／一周／一个月／一年内in August 在八月in spring / summer / autumn / winter 在春天／夏天／秋天／冬天in (the year) 2004 在2004年3月19日星期五 in the winter holiday(s) 在寒假in one’s life在（某人）一生中He is in his twenties. 他二十几岁了。

⑵一般认为，at表示时间点，即钟点、（做某事的）时刻等。例如：at six o’clock在六点钟at noon (= at 12:00 in the daytime) 在中午at that time 在那时候；当时at the moment (= now) 现在；此刻at the end of the holiday 在假期结束时

但是，在以下的时间短语中，at却表示时间段：at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时at night 在夜间at weekends / the weekend 在周末at Christmas 在圣诞期间at this time of (the) year 在一年的这个时节

⑶ on表示特定的日子。例如：①表示日期：on March 20, 2004 在2004年3月20日②表示星期几：on Saturday 在星期六on weekdays 在平时；从周一到周五（或周六）③表示某日的时辰：on Sunday morning 在星期日早晨on a Monday afternoon 在一个星期一的下午on the night of August 10 在8月10 日的夜里④表示节日、纪念日：on New Year’s Day在元旦on my birthday 在我生日那天on that day 在那天⑤表示特别的日子：on the following day （在）第二天on a cold winter morning 在一个寒冬的早晨on a sunny day in October 在10月的一个晴朗的日子

2. during, in:

两者用作介词时均与表示一般时间的名词连用，意为“在…期间”，一般情况下能相互换用。但是，在实际运用中应注意下面几点：

①.若谓语动词着重于动作或状态的延续性时，习惯用during ；若表示某一行为发生在一段时间中的某一点时间时，习惯用in。例如：I learned a lot during my stay in the countryside .我呆在农村的那段日子里学了很多东西。She was born in 1997 她出生于1997年。

②. 当表示对比或强调时，多用in，而不用during。例如：Mr. Black visited China in 1980 , not in 1970 .

布莱克生先是1980年访问中国的，不是1970年。

③.表示一段时间的名词holiday , childhood , stay等词前，习惯上用during

而不用in。例如： I think that maybe his Chinese teacher will give Jim some work to do during the holiday .我想这段假期或许吉姆的汉语老师会给他一些作业做。

3. for, since:

for和since引导的时间状语都有延续之意，但着眼点不同，用法也有所不同。

⑴“for＋时间段”表示“（延续）……之久”，其着眼点是现在，即表示延续到现在的一段时间（与现在完成时连用），或表示一段已经终结了的时间（与过去时连用）或表示将要延续的一段时间（与将来时连用）。例如：They have lived in China for two years. 他们在中国已经住了两年。（现在还在中国）They lived in China for two years. 他们在中国住过两年。They will stay here for a few weeks. 他们将在这里住上几个星期。

⑵“since＋时间点”表示“自从（过去某时）以来”，其着眼点是过去某时，即表示自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与现在完成时连用。例如：She has worked here since 1999. 自1999年以来，她就在这里工作。I haven’t written home since Christmas. 自圣诞节以来，我就没有给家里写过信。

We haven’t seen each other since three years ago. 自三年前以来，我们彼此就未见过面。

since还可以用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句(通常用一般过去式)。例如：It has been raining since I got up this morning. 今天早晨我起床以来，天一直在下雨。It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里以来只有一星期的时间。

4. on, above, over：

这三个介词都可以表示地点，意思是“在……上”，但具体含义有所不同。

⑴ on是指与物体表面接触而不是在其上方。例如：They are sitting on the grass. 他们坐在草地上。Do you live on the second floor? ［美国英语］你住在二楼吗？／［英国英语］你住在三楼吗？He jumped on the horse. 他跳上了马。

⑵ above是指离开物体表面而在其上方，其反义词为below。例如：The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层之上飞行。The mountain is about 2,000 metres above the sea. 那座山约海拔2,000米高。

⑶ over是指在物体的正上方，有时还有“覆盖；越过”之意，其反义词为under。例如：A lamp was hanging over the table.一盏灯高挂在餐桌上方。I saw a stone bridge over the river. 我看见一座石桥横跨河上。

5. by, before, until：这三个介词都可以表示时间。用法区别如下：

⑴ by和before的比较：by表示“不迟于某时”（= not later than），包括某时在内；before则表示“在某时之前”（= earlier than），不包括某时在内。请比较：

by Friday.（不迟于星期五）

I will finish it

before Friday.（早于星期五）

动词。请比较：We must leave by five o’clock.（5点或5点以前离开）We must wait until five o’clock.（一直等到5点）

6. between, among：

①.between 多指两者之间。如：What's the difference between the two words? among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间，在……之中”。如：The young people lived and worked among workers.

注意：我们可以说between you and me，但不能说 between you and I，因为between 是介词。

②.between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.瑞士位于法国,意大利,奥地利和德国之间。

7. instead, instead of：

⑴ instead不是介词，而是副词。它的意思是“作为代替；（不……）而”，中文译法灵活。instead常位于句末。例如：He was ill, so I went instead. 他病了，因此我就（代他）去了。I don’t like thi s one; please give me that instead.

不喜欢这一个，请把那一个给我。They don’t have beef; let’s have some fish instead. 他们没有牛肉，我们改吃鱼吧。

instead还可以用作连接性状语，表示对比。例如：They didn’t go to Greece, instead, they went to France. 他们没有去希腊，而是去了法国。

⑵ instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替；而（不）”，其后面的内容具有否定意义。instead of可后接名词、代词或动名词，也可后接介词短语。例如：Give me

red one instead of the green one. 请给我那个红色的，而不是那个绿色的。

had tea instead of coffee. 她没有喝咖啡而喝了茶。He walked downstairs instead of taking the lift. 他是走下楼的，没有乘电梯。They went there on instead of by bus. (= … instead of going by bus.)他们是走到那里去的，没有乘公共汽车。

四、介词与其它词类的常见搭配：

以下是初中英语中一部分常见的介词与其它词类的搭配情况：

⑴“介词＋名词”的搭配：

above zero 零度以上 after a while 片刻之后

after class 下课以后 along the road 沿路

at breakfast 早餐时 at first 起先；首先

at home 在家 at last 终于；最后

at least 至少；起码 at night 在夜里

at the bus stop 在公共汽车站 at the end of 在……末

at the head of 在……的前头 at the moment 此刻

at the same time 同时at three o’clock 在三点钟

at times 有时；偶尔 before long 不久以后

by air / bus 乘飞机／公共汽车 by the door 在门口

by the end of 到……末之前by the time (when…) 到……的时候by the way 顺便问（说）一下 during summer holidays 在暑假

from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五 from now on 从现在起

in a hurry 匆忙地 in bed （躺）在床上

in English 用英语 in fact 实际上；事实上

in the city 在城里 in the country 在乡下

in the daytime 在白天 in the east of 在……东部

in the end 最后 in the morning 在早晨

in the open air 在户外；露天 in this way 用这种方法

in time 及时 on display / show 陈列；展出

on duty 值班；值日 on foot 走路；步行

on Monday morning 在星期一早晨 on the east of 在……以东（接壤）on the left 在左边 on the other hand 另一方面

on time 按时；准时 over there 在那边

to the east of 在……东面（不接壤）with sb’s help 在某人的帮助下

⑵“动词＋介词”的搭配：

agree with 同意……的意见 ask for 请求；询问

begin with 以……开始 fall off （从……）掉下

get off 下（车） get on 上（车）

get to 到达 go over 过一遍；仔细检查

hear of 听说 knock at 敲（门）

laugh at 嘲笑 learn from 向……学习

listen to 听…… look after 照顾；照看

look at 看…… look for 寻找

look like 看起来像……一样 look over 仔细检查

pay for 付钱；支付 point at / to 指向

quarrel with 跟某人吵架 talk about 谈论

think about 考虑 think of 认为；想起

trip over （被……）绊倒 wait for 等候

⑶ “形容词＋介词”的搭配：

be afraid of 害怕；担心 be amazed at 对……感到惊讶

be angry with 对……生气 be excited about 对……感到激动

be famous for 因……而有名 be far from 远离

be fed up with 厌倦 be full of 充满；装满

be good at 善于；擅长于 be interested in 对……感兴趣

be kind to 对……友好 be late for 迟到

be near to 靠近 be pleased with 对……感到满意

be proud of 以……自豪 be ready for 准备好

be sure of 对……有把握 be worried about 为……感到焦急

【考题分析】

1．He has been late for school three times _____ the morning of last Friday.

A. in

B. on

C. since

D. until

分析：本题介词的选择取决于谓语动词所用的时态。谓语动词用了现在完成时，与之相对应的介词应当是since。答案 C

2．I forgot to bring the key ______ my office.

A. of

B. for

C. with

D. to

分析：在英语中，表达“门的钥匙”、“练习的答案”要用key这个词，它需要用介词to与后面的名词连用，这是习惯用法。其他的例子还有：an answer to the question 问题的答案，a reply to our letter 对我们信的答复，the entrance to the building 大楼入口处，the monument to the heroes 英雄纪念碑，等等。答案 D

3．改错：The group of players will come back after three days.

分析：在使用将来时的句子中，如果表示“某段时间以后”，介词不能用“after＋时间段”，而要使用“in＋时间段”。答案 after three days改为in three days 4．Mr. Brown flew to Washington _____ the night before last.

A in

B on

C at

D /

分析：在表达某一天的具体时间时，应该用介词“on”。但是本句是表达“在前天的夜里”，与“在前天”the day before yesterday相仿，前面不该用任何介词，所以本题答案应该选“D”。

5. The school gate is ______ the north of the classroom building.

A in

B to

C on

D at

分析：在英语中，表达“东、南、西、北”的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时，用介词“in”。如：The playground is in the south of the school.

区域不连壤的外部时，应该用介词“to”。如：Shanghai is to the east of Nanjing.（上海在南京的东面。）本题的“校门”在“教学大楼”的北面，应该用介词“to”，所以答案应该选“B”。

6. You’ll get one thousand dollars _____.

A after all

B at all

C in all

D all together

分析：“after all”意为“到底”、“毕竟”、“终于”；“at all”通常与“not”连用，意为“完全不”、“一点也不”；“in all”通常用于数量词后面，意为“总共”，同义词是“altogether”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

7. This bus can run _____ 70 miles an hour. A for B with C at D in

分析：在表示“速度”、“温度”、“价格”意思时，应该用介词“at”。如：at speed of…at the price of…所以本题答案应该选：C

8. It’s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o’clock that afternoon.

A on

B at

C until

D by

分析：“at two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“过去进行时”；“by two o’clock that afternoon”意为“在昨天下午两点钟前”，时态通常用“过去完成时”；“until two o’clock that afternoon”意为“直到昨天下午两点钟”，时态通常用“一般过去时”。本句中“stay”是延续动词，因此可用“until”句型；如果句中谓语是瞬间动词的话，就应该用

“not …until”句型了。所以本题答案应该选“C”。

9. Tom didn’t attend the lecture yesterday evening _____ his illness.

A as

B for

C because

D because of

分析：在本句中，“因为生病”是一个词语，而不是原因状语从句，因此，不能选连词“as”、“for”或“because”来连接，而要用介词词组“because of”。所以本题答案应该选“D”。

10. Now it’s quite important _____ us to make full use of time.

A for

B to

C of

D with

分析：“It’s important to sb.”（意为“它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配，“It’s … for sb. to do…”（意为“做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型。当两者交叉、重叠使用时，词语要让位于句型。故本题答案应该选：A同样，“I

it so much that …”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”，也属于这种类型的表达方式。

11. It’s nice __ you to get the ticket __ F1. It’s said the car-race is exciting.

A of, for

B for, for

C of, of

D for, of

选：A

【巩固练习】

一、用适当的介词填空：

1. You can find the post office ________ a fruit shop and a book shop.

2. We have friends all ________ the world.

3. You have to write a line ________ the last name ________ the book.

4. The answer ________ the question was quite difficult.

5. The children are not allowed to look ________ ________ the window in class.

6. They have stayed in the hotel ________ nearly ten days.

7. The teacher is standing ________ ________ ________ the students.

8. ________ the time the firemen arrived, the big fire had been put out.

9. My house is _____ the other side _____ river, so I have to go _____ the

bridge.

10. They all went to sleep ___ young Tom. He was listening to music ___ the

radio.

11. The students go to school ________ Monday ________ Friday.

12. My office is ________ ________ theirs.

13. Do not throw any litter ________ the river.

14. What do you think ________ the movie? — Wonderful!

15. The dead leaves on the ground also keep the water ________ running away.

16. The trees can be planted ________ the lake.

17. We got on together just ________ old friends.

18. I was told that we could do that ________ different ways.

19. What do you want to do after you graduate ________ school?

20. Can you see the broom ________ the door?

二、用适当的介词或副词填空：

1. The rain was not enough most plants.

2. March is the month February and April.

3. his brother, David prefers coffee juice.

4. Tony got early Christmas Day to find his presents.

5. Two big bags fell the trucks.

6. We should work even harder to keep our environment pollution.

7. Have you brought any fresh water ________ you?

10. Look! The plane has taken and is flying the sky.

11. Do you live far your school?

12. I won’t believe it until I see it my own eyes.

13. Everybody wants a house his own.

14. Before you buy the shirt, you’d better try it .

15. When did they set ? — Early the morning.

16. There is no fire some smoke.

17. Why didn’t you write all these words your notebook?

18. Look your belongings (随身物品), or you might lose them.

19. Please give me the red one the green one.

20. Those buildings should be pulled once.

一．选择填空：

1．Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996.

A．from B．of C．to D．in

2．The room was full ____ smoke after the big fire.

A．of B．with C．in D．for

3．Here are some presents ____ you ____ our best wishes.

A．to; with B．for; with C．of; about D．for; for

4．Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ____ June, 1956.

A．in B．at C．on D．for

5．The little boy is always interested ____ science.

A．with B．by C．in D．at

6．Li Lei often gets up ____ seven o'clock on Sundays.

A．on B．in C．at D．for

7．They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.

A．on B．at C．in D．of

8．Macao（澳门）will return to our motherland ____ December 20th, 1999. A．on B．at C．in D．for

9．----When were you born? ----I was born ____ August 25, 1983.

A．on B．in C．at D．to

10．Let me show you the place ____ the map.

A．with B．on C．in

11．John knows ____ a computer.

A．how to use B．how use C．how uses

12．The visitors ____ Japan arrived ____ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A．from; at B．of; to C．from; to D．of; on

13．The teacher will be back ____ an hour.

A．in B．after C．on

14．This programme was sent to the USA ____ China ____ satellite.

A．in; of B．of; in C．from; by D．by; from

15．It's cold outside. Please your warm clothes.

A. put in

B. take off

C. put on

D. put up

16．He got many gifts his birthday his friends.

A. on, from

B. in, of

C. at, to

D. from, for

17．The classroom is quite different that one.

A. of

B. from

C. with

D. like

18．Look, you'll see a bridge the river.

A. on

B. above

C. over

D. in

19．–Your coat looks nice, Is It cotton? -Yes. It's Shanghai.

A. made of, made by

B. made of, made in

C. made for, made in

D. made from made by

20．Tow may fall the others because he has missed so many lessons.

A. after

B. behind

C. later

D. out of

二、用适当的介词填空

1．What's wrong ____ your watch?

2．One ____ the students is in the classroom.

3．I think the shop is closed ____ this time of day.

4．My father teaches English ____ a school.

5．We have lunch ____ the middle of the day.

6．You can buy some school things ____ your way home.

7．I was born ____ July 1, 1982.

8．May I borrow a pencil ____ you?

9．Don't sleep ____ the open air.

10．I often help my mother ____ _ the housework.

11．It's time ____ school.

12．I have quite a lot ____ homework to do.

13．What's the time? It's half ____ seven.

14．Ducks are good ____ swimming.

15．What are you talking ____ ?

16．He is sitting ____ the front of the car.

17．The eraser was passed ____ one student ____ another. 18．Did you live ____ Beijing in 1997?

19．When did you arrive ____ the village?

20．I think Mary is ____ duty today.

21．Eating too much isn't good ____ your health.

22．I'm afraid he is ____ the cinema ____ the moment. 23．Thanks ____ asking me to your party.

24．My watch is very different ____ yours.

25．What's the weather ____ today?

26．The student is asking his teacher ____ the sports meeting. 27．The farmers are all getting ready ____ the next year. 28．The radio says the wind will stop later ____ the day. 29．Let's go out ____ a walk, shall we?

30．Tom, your mother is waiting ____ you.

31．We have noodles for lunch for lunch ____ times. 32．Harerbin is ____ the north of China.

33．The day ____ tomorrow will be windy.

34．Don't worry ____ your test.

35．I don't know which is the way ____ the park.

36．An old woman is ____ the side of the road.

37．____ the end of the road you'll see the hospital

38．He left Tokyo ____ a visit ____ Beijing.

39．Don't laugh ____ other people's mistakes.

40．He did this instead ____ me.

41．The people here are very friendly ____ us.

42．Does he learn English ____ himself?

43．I felt a little afraid ____ my teacher.

44．I'm afraid he'll fall ____ the bike.

45．Help yourselves ____ some fish, Lily and Lucy.

46．____ these words he left the classroom.

47．It was a pleasure ____ me.

48．I'm sorry I'm late ____ the meeting.

49．Study hard, or you won't catch up ____ your classmates. 50．Not far ____ him was Lin Tao．Lin Tao ran fast, too. 51．Mr Wu is going to tell us the result ____ once.

52．He goes to school early ____ usual.

53．It's another way ____ saying fast.

56．What do you mean ____ baozhi?

57．Don't play ____ fire．It's dangerous.

58．He didn't go ____ bed until twelve o'clock.

59．My teacher was angry ____ me.

60．Someone is knocking ____ the door.

61．Have you heard ____ Jim yet?

62．If you break the window, you'll have to pay ____ it. 63．I'm sorry．I won't talk to others in class ____ now on. 64．What have you done ____ the milk?

65．The students walked ____ the gates with Uncle Wang. 66．Are you ____ trouble, Jim?

67．My mother is ill．I have to send ____ the doctor. 68．The doctor operated ____ my mother at once.

69．The glass is full ____ milk.

70．I saw him ____ the crowd.

71．There are a group of sheep ____ the foot of the hill. 72．We are twins．People often mistake us ____ each other. 73．The knife is made ____ metal and wood.

74．Ships can travel ____ the world.

75．He watched me ____ surprise.

76．Choose my subject．Something about English, ____ example. 77．Tie the horse ____ the tree.

78．Nothing can stop us ____ studying hard.

79．____ Mr Wang's help, I have passed the exam.

80．Please cut the metal ____ some pieces.

81．I feel ____ going for a walk.

82．We can finish the work ____ a week.

83．Are you interested ____ the film Titanic?

84．Hundreds ____ years ago, there was a village here. 85．What ____ earth can you see?

86．When did you join us ____ the game?

课堂检测听课及知识掌握情况反馈：

_______________________________________________________。

测试题(累计不超过20分钟)_____道；成绩______；教学需:加快□;保持□;放慢□

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2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

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