主题句

1．主题句

主题句（topic sentence）是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：

My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them.

Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.

主题句中提出的"certain rules" 指的是什么？展开句中通过四个"Don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句（即本段中的末句）。

1．1 主题句的位置

主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在四级考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。，

例1: Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything.

Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.，

这段文字所讲的主要是能源问题。第一句就概括性地提出“我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖于能源”。而随后出现的三句都是具体事

例，对第一句进行说明和论述。我们可以断定第一句为该段的主题句（斜体部分）。，

例2: （主题句）No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. （推展句1）Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. （推展句2）In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weakness.

以上这段由三句话组成。第一句是主题句，直截了当指出无人不受广告影响这个主题，接着列举两个推展句对其补充和支持，指出我们已无法自由选择所需的商品，理由是广告商已仔细研究了我们的心理，并完全掌握了我们的弱点。句子衔接自然，步步紧扣主题。1．2 如何写好主题句中的关键词

段落的主题句对主题的限定主要是通过句中的关键词来表现的。关键词要尽量写得具体些。对“具体”的要求包括两个方面：一是要具体到能控制和限制段落的发展；二是要具体到能说明段落发展的方法。准确地把握关键词是清楚地表达段落主题、写好段落主题句的重要前提之一。在上面的例1，例2中，主题句的关键词分别为：depends very much on energy; no one can avoid being influenced. 我们再看下列例句：

原句1: He can fix a bicycle himself.

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。但它只是限制了段落发展的部分内容，并没有告诉读者该用哪种方法展开，是用因果关系法还是用分类法？

修正：He can fix a bicycle himself in several simple steps. 的

修正：There are several reasons why he can fix a bicycle himself.

原句2: She tries to improve her looks.

斜体部分应为主题句中的关键词。她试着改变她面容的理由是什么？或者她采取什么方法来改善呢？我们无法从关键词中清楚得知。

修正：She tries many ways to improve her looks. 的

修正：There are some reasons why she tries to improve her looks。1.3 如何写好主题句的中心思想

主题句由两部分组成，即主题(topic)和中心思想（controlling idea）。中心思想的作用是导向(control)和制约(limit)。我们前面谈到的关键词就反映了中心思想。所谓导向就是规定段落的发展脉络，所谓制约就是限制主题的覆盖范围，两者不可分割。没有导向，内容就会离题或偏题；没有制约，内容就可能超出一个段落所能容纳的范围。对于初学写作的人来说，“导向”的重要性容易理解，但如果由他们自己来构思一个主题句，就可能忽视“制约”这一面。例如：

There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you have made it a part of yourself and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.

本段的主题句如果没有in which 引出的定语从句，那么two ways 不仅不能起制约作用，而且也不能起导向作用，句子本身读起来也就使人觉得欠缺点什么。

Exercise is beneficial to your heart. A 22-year study was conducted by doctors in California. They found that people who work at physical

jobs experience fewer heart attacks than other people. These active people work all the time at moderate speeds, their daily routine gives them an adequate amount of exercise and helps them stay in shape.

"Exercise is beneficial"这是毫无疑义的。但主题句中如不加上"to your heart"来加以control 和limit，那就流于空泛。

因此，紧紧把握主题句中controlling idea的导向和制约作用，是短文写作成功关键之一。

2．推展句

2.1 主要推展句

主要推展句(major supporting statement)的主要特点是：围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明，句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是互相连接的。

例1：(主题句) There are several factors affecting climate. (推展句

1)One factor is the mount of sunlight received. (推展句2)Altitude, or

the height above sea level, also determines climate. (推展句3)The oceans have an effect on the climate of adjacent land. (推展句4)In addition, climate is influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere.

主题句指出影响气候的几个因素。然后用四个扩展句说明四种因素。第一种是太阳光的接收量，第二种是海拔高度，第三句和第四句分别是海洋和大气环流因素。

2.2 次要推展句

次要推展句(minor supporting statement)是指对主要推展句作进一步的事实分析和举例说明。它从属于某一个或某几个推展句。

例2：(主题句)I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. (主要推展

句1)Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. (主要推展句2)For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. (次要推展句1)Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. (次要推展句2)Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. (次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.

从属于主要推展句2的三个次要推展句起着解释说明作用，分别解释red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach的含义，这就更加形象生动地证明了"teaching is not easy" 这个主题。

2．3 主要推展句与次要推展句的关系

主要推展句与次要推展句的关系(relation)基本可以遵循下面的“三部分”(three-part)规则。

1〕每个主要推展句都应该是对主题句中表示主要思想的关键词的直接、明确的说明。

2〕每个次要推展句都应该说明它的主要推展句。

3〕含有讨论说明或分析的问题通常既要有主要推展素材，又要有次要推展素材。

2．4 写好推展句的方法

主题句及关键词确定后，开始选择和主题有关的信息和素材。实质上，针对关键词测试每一个所选择的素材就是一个分类的过程。有一种常用的方法就是句子展开前加以设问，然后解答，即设问－解

答(why-because)的方法。下面我们通过举例来看一看这种分类过程是如何完成的。例3：

假设(suppose) Topic sentence: English is an international language?

设问(why) Why can we say English is an international language?

解答(because)

Because: English is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.

Because: Over 70 percent of the world's mail is written in English.

Because: More than 60 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.

Because: Pakistan was once one of the British colonies.

Because: Many members of the International Language Society are selected from English-spoken countries.

从上面可以看出，最初的三个推展句是和关键词an international language一致的。第四句和主题句不统一，尽管第四句会成为另一主题句(Many Pakistanis speak English)很好的推展句。第五句说服力不强。

当然，在写成段落时，没有必要在每个句子开头写上"because"，但是，在动笔展开句子时，头脑里要想着这个词，这种检验方法能帮助你把注意力集中在某个重心，围绕主题思想层层展开。

上面我们讨论了主要推展句的一种展开方法。而展开次要推展句的方法与主要推展句类似，这里我们就不再复述了。

1．列举法(details)

作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对topic sentence中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。

Yesterday was one of those awful days for me when everything I did went wrong. First, I didn't hear my alarm clock and arrived late for work. Then, I didn't read my diary properly and forgot to get to an important meeting with my boss. During the coffee break, I dropped my coffee cup and spoilt my new skirt. At lunch time, I left my purse on a bus and lost all the money that was in it. After lunch, my boss was angry because I hadn't gone to the meeting. Then I didn't notice a sign on a door that said "Wet Paint" and so I spoilt my jacket too. When I got home I couldn't get into my flat because I had left my key in my office. So I broke a window to get in and cut my hand.

根据本段主题句中的关键词组everything I did went wrong，作者列举了8点内容，分别由first, then, during the coffee break, after lunch time等连接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内容连贯。

常用于列举法的过渡连接词有：for one thing , for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another , still another, first, second, also等。2. 举例法(example)

作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容，严格地讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。

我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落。，

There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more than one sports that are suitable to them.，

本段采用了三个事例来说明主题句中的关键词组different forms of exercises，这三个例子分别由连接词for example, for another example 和

besides引出，最后由引导的结尾句总结全段内容。

举例法中常用的连接词有：for example (instance), one example is, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition等。

无灵主语

无灵主语 无灵主语，一种英语语法结构。英语里主语常用人称和非人称两种形式来表达。用非人称主语表达时，往往注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”。而汉语则较常用人称主语表达，侧重“什么人怎么样了”。英语中非人称作主语的句子主要有两种类型：1,从有无生命角度划分，主语可区分为有灵主语(animate) 和无灵主语(inanimate) 两类。无灵名词作主语，常翻译成各种状语，译成“由于……因此”，“因为……所以”，“在……之后”等等。非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”(inanimate subject)，表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等，但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词”(animate verb)表示人或社会团体的动作和行为，如：see，desert，find，bring，witness，give，escape，surround，kill，deprive，serve，send，know，tell，permit，invite，take，drive，prevent…from等，这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩。举几个例子： E.g. 1 Past experience has taught us that we should not depend on others for everything. E.g. 2 His name slips my mind. E.g. 3 A good idea suddenly strikes me. (I suddenly have a good idea!) E.g. 4 A strange peace came over her when she was alone. (She was peaceful when she was alone.) 2.用非人称代词“it”作主语。 E.g. 1 It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest. 摘要:本文从英汉思维差异角度出发,探讨了无灵主语句和有灵主语句的定义、无灵主语句的类型以及各种类型无灵主语的译法,旨在帮助中国学生更好地理解和运用无灵主语句,提高其英语应用水平。 关键词:思维差异;无灵名词;有灵名词;无灵主语;有灵主语 一、英汉思维差异语言和思维的关系一直是语言学家关注和讨论的话题。人们普遍认为,语言是思维的主要表现形式,而思维方式制约着语言结构。思维方式的差异是造成语言差异的一个重要原因。汉语和英语分别是东西方文化的两种载体,分属不同的语系,有着不同的思维方式。东方传统哲学思想强调“天人合一”、“主客一体”和“整体”;而西方传统哲学思想则强调“主客体分离”、“人物分立”和“个体”。这两种哲学观在思维上体现为:习惯于主体性思维方式的中国人往往从自我出发来理解、解释、描写客观世界中的事物,使语言表述带有主体性特征。在汉语里由于人为万物之灵的思想始终占统治地位,因此汉语较常用人称主语表达, 注重“什么人怎么样了”,当人称不言自明时,就用“有人”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指人称,有灵主语总是占绝对优势;而习惯于客体思维方式的英美人却常把观察或叙述的视点放在行为、动作的结果或承受者上,使语言表述带有客体性特征,因此,在英语中人们往往关注“什么事发生在什么人身上”。作主语的通常是人们最为关心的和最感兴趣的东西,人们无疑会用相应的无灵名词作句子的主语。西方特有的思维方式和英语语言本身的特点导致英语表达中大量无灵句的出现。英语多无灵主语句而汉语少有无灵主语句的现象反映了英汉思维方式上的较大差异。许多语言学家针对这种差异提出了各自的看法。钱歌川先生(1972)在《英文疑详解》的第一篇就是“无生物主语”。他说“我们说中文惯常用人或生物作主语,

!!!!!无生命主语句

Inanimate Subject Sentence 无生命主语句（动作的执行者是无生命的） A.以时间、地点、事物等名词作主语 This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth …vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. By midway through this century , at the end of WWⅡ,the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. …the word population will increase from 2 to more than 9 billion, and it is already more than halfway there. ... the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset... This ―noctilucent cloud ”occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness;... this clouds seem quite unnatural...

无灵主语句

英语里主语常用人称和非人称两种形式来表达。用非人称主语表达时，往往注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”。而汉语则较常用人称主语表达，侧重“什么人怎么样了”。 如1. A terrible thought suddenly struck me—had I locked the door? 我突然产生了一个可怕的想法——我锁门了吗？ 例2．A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。 英语中非人称作主语的句子主要有两种类型： a非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”(inanimate subject)，表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等，但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词”(animate verb)表示人或社会团体的动作和行为，如：see，desert，find，bring，witness，give，escape，surround，kill，deprive，serve，send，know，tell，permit，invite，take，drive，prevent…from等，这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩(如上面两个例句)。 b用非人称代词“it”作主语 例如：It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest. 译文：我从没有想到她会这样的不诚实。 英语中的这类句子具备着含蓄幽默、生动活泼、客观公正、简洁凝练、句型多样等特点，所以使用广泛。但是由于汉、英两种语言属于不同的语系，所以在翻译这种无灵主语句时，要考虑到英语的思维方法，然后转换为汉语的思维方法，把句子的内在意义用汉语表达出来。下面就将非人称(impersonal)主语句英译汉的基本方法略作探讨。 1. 如果主语暗含着条件、因果、时间、地点、方式等意义时，用人作主语，把原来的主语翻译成各种形式的状语。 例如：The forty years, 1840-1880, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 译文：从1840至1880这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。 2. 当谓语动词是情感型使动词时，如：surprise，disappoint，excite，disturb，inspire，puzzle，annoy，trouble，irritate，shock等；或得失型动词，如：lost，get，gain，take，fail，save，win，leave等，翻译时可保留主语，把谓语动词转译成“使……”结构。 例如 1) The beautiful scenery gained the place quite a reputation. 译文：美景使这个地方颇有名气。 2). Her habit of biting her nails irritates me. 译文：她咬指甲的习惯使我生气。 3. 把原句中表示生命概念的词变成主语，引申谓语动词的词义，并采用逆行翻译法。 例如：1) When he had to speak ,his confidence suddenly deserted him. 译文：当他不得不说话时，他突然失去了信心。 2) It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him. 译文：他好象面临着困难的抉择。 4. 当有灵动词是某些感官动词，如：see，witness，speak，tell等时，保留无灵主语，引申动词词义。比如，有时可把谓语动词引申为含有“显示”，“表明”，“产生”等意义的词。例如：The blood-stained glove told of the bandit's crime. 译文：血迹斑斑的手套就是匪徒的罪证。 5. 重新确定主语，引申动词词义。 例如：It is generally felt that his appointment was a grave mistake. 译文：现在许多人觉得，当时对他的任命是个严重的错误。 6. 译成汉语的无主句。

无灵主语句的翻译

无灵主语句的翻译 王宪生 “无灵主语” (inanimate subject) 是指没有生命的物体作主语，尤其是抽象名词。英语和汉语里都有无灵主语，但英语用的多，汉语用的少。这一用法差异应该和中西文化的差异有关。中国文化强调主客同构，西方文化强调主客对立。汉语即便说到事物，也总要和人拉上关系，从人的立场上来说它。英语即便说到人，甚至是说到自己，也往往会把他推到客体的位置，自己好像置身事外似的冷眼旁观。所以，英语能用无灵主语就不用有灵主语，汉语正相反，能用有灵主语就不用无灵主语。 英语的无灵主语句可分为两类。一类是纯粹描写事物，一点“人气”也没有。另一类描写的是人，但偏不用人作主语，甚至把人“排挤”到很不重要的位置。这里不说第一类，只说说第二类。这一类的句子一般有两种翻译方法。较常用的是将其转换为汉语的有灵主语句，另一种是仍然保留无灵主语。用哪一种方法，只能视情况而定。如果两种方法都能用，那就尽量转换成有灵主语句。 英语的无灵主语句看似简单，实际上想译得地道却不太容易。另外顺便一提，我发现英语无灵主语句的掌握是中国学生的一个薄弱环节，多数人都用不好，主要是缺乏意识。有的学生写记叙文只会用“I”、“He”、“They”等人称代词作主语，无灵主语句基本不会用，这样写出来的只能是披着英语外衣的汉语，离地道的英语差得远。可以这么说，能否熟练使用英语的无灵主语句，是英语是否成熟的一个重要标志。要译好无灵主语句，自己要首先掌握好无灵主语句。自己都掌握不好，想译好是很困难的。 今天先出几个简单的句子。 例一：The boxer’s experience told in his favor. 例二：The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 例三：Jane’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her sister’s callous behavior. 例四：His reading inspired him.

60走遍美国语句和翻译

-- ☆ SitMan 助您征服外语☆ -- [生词摘录] [要点摘录] ----难点句子记录于此 [我的听写] ----可在此处逐句听写 [原文] Good morning. 早安。 What a wonderful morning! 多麽美好的早晨 Don't the flowers smell wonderful? 花儿闻起来好香不是吗 Good morning, Ellen. 早安 Ellen。 Yes, they do. 是的花儿好香。 That's why I'm reading my paper and having my coffee 这就是今天早上为什麽我我看报纸喝咖 on the patio this morning. 要在院子。 Ah, it does smell sweet. 噢它们确实很香。 How was your school-board meeting last night? 昨天晚上们的联合校董董会会议开得怎麽 You must've come home very late. 一定很晚才回家。 Did you find the sandwich I made for you? 你找到我为你做的三明治治了 Thanks, dear. 谢谢亲爱的。 I was so tired 我太累了 I didn't even finish it. 没有能吃完它。 Philip, I've been working on this special project Philip 我一直在研拟一一项特别计 with the school board, 和联合校董会一起 and I'd like your opinion about it. 我需要你的意见。 What is it? 是个什麽样的计划 I've been trying to find 我一直在寻求 a way to encourage reading. 鼓励阅读的办法。 Good luck! 祝好运 Well, I think I may have found a way to do it. 噢我想我也许已找到一一种办法Tell me about it. 说给我听吧。 I work with families every day, Ellen. 我每天的工作就是接触一一些家庭 Ellen I see how people spend their leisure time-- 我看到人们怎样利用暇暇时 young and old. 不管是年轻的还是年老老的 Mostly watching television. 大部分是看电视。 Well, that would be OK 那倒没有什麽关 if, and I repeat, 只要我重一遍 if people took the time to read. 只要人们肯花时间去阅读读

奇门遁甲全书经典句子

奇门遁甲全书经典句子 导读：1、天降赤目，白虎出土，苍穹开窍，重见灵主。老爷发威，八爷动武，奇门遁甲，一二一五。 2、科学就像一个气球，里面是已知，外面是未知，已知部分越大，和未知的接触面就越大。 3、这世界上的绝大多数怪事，都是人为的，和灵异世界无关。所以妖魔鬼怪基本上和正常人的生活没有交集，她们并不可怕，可怕的，是人心。 4、存在，必然有存在的道理，只不过悲喜繁复，画卷成型。 5、施舍和慷慨不同的地方在于，施舍是将自己不需要东西送个别人，而慷慨是将对自己也很重要东西送给别人。相比较而言，后者要高尚得多。 6、芍药地一带，有一条特殊的胡同，它拐了九个弯，最后却是死路一条。这有点儿像人生。 7、男人想高贵，需要很多附属的东西，比如金钱，比如地位，比如修养，比如服饰。而女人不同，只要她清高，立即就没有人敢轻视了。 8、她支吾了半天，也没说出子午卯酉。 9、鸣呼！分天地于掌握，罗列宿于心胸，风雷从其呼吸，神鬼听其指挥，其天府石室之秘文，运筹决胜之神算乎！ 10、也许时间经常会停的，但是我们不知道，因为时间停下来

的时候，人是没有记忆的。这件事深想起来挺可怕的，说不定我们的这一秒钟和上一秒钟中间，时间停顿了一亿年。 11、你动我的染料，我当然要还你一点颜色！等着！ 12、爱是自然而然发生的，如果因为年龄小，就把这份爱扼杀掉，非要等到年龄大了，再去制造一份，还有比这更愚蠢的事吗？ 13、一般说来，只有在内心做加法的女孩，才会在外表上不停地做减法。 14、心里光明的人永远在明处，心里阴暗的人永远在暗处。心里光明的人永远要被心里阴暗的人偷窥，防不胜防。 15、一下雪整个世界都变成了医院。那是老天在为人类医治蒙灰的灵魂。 16、不要被眼前的所看的表象迷惑，事态的发展是需要用心体会的。 17、戴九履一，左三右七，四二为肩，八六为足，五守中央。 18、这个人超凡脱俗，穿越时空，跳出三界，不在五行，来去自由如风。 19、某种人在你眼前晃动，你可以安心。有一天，这个人突然在你视野里消失了，那么你就要当心了。

高英无生命主语句

组员：贡霏霏郑鑫男吕娟徐晓晴Inanimate Subject Sentence 无生命主语句（动作的执行者是无生命的） A.以时间、地点、事物等名词作主语This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth …vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. By midway through this century , at the end of WWⅡ,the number had risen to just above 2 billion people.

…the word population will increase from 2 to more than 9 billion, and it is already more than halfway there. ... the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset... This ―noctilucent cloud ”occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness;... this clouds seem quite unnatural... ...noctilucent cloud have began to... ... methane is released from... Even though noctilucent cloud were sometimes seen in the past ,all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere...that sun’s rays still strike long after sunset has brought... ...because methane has been one of the fastest growing green gases, and is third to ... ...whether it is the new frequency of days when temperature exceeds 100 degree, the

浅谈英语无灵主语句

浅谈英语无灵主语句 On the English Inanimate-Subjects Sentences 班级: 姓名: 学号: 得分: 摘要：英语无灵主语句是英语书面语中常见的一种典型句型和独特的语言现象。由于中西文化，思维方式以及英汉语言之间的差异，给中国学生在理解和运用这类句子带来困难。本文首先探究英语无灵主语的主要类型，它们分别是表示思想情感的名词做主语；表示行动和身体部位的名词做主语；表示情景和自然现象的名词作主语，表示时间和地点的名词做主语。然后文章通过运用具体实例重点分析无灵主语句的翻译方法以提高中国学生的翻译水平。 关键词：无灵主语；类型；翻译 Abstract: English sentences with inanimate subjects are a kind of common and typical sentence pattern and a unique language. Due to cultural and linguistic differences between English and Chinese and differences in ways of thinking between East and West, it is not easy for Chinese students to understand and use. This paper firstly explores the categories of inanimate subjects, which are nouns of feeling and thought; nouns of action and part of body; nouns of situation and natural phenomenon; nouns of time and place respectively. Secondly, it analyzes the techniques of sentences with inanimate subjects’ translation through concrete examples to improve Chinese students’ abilities of translation. Key words:inanimate subject；categories；translation 1 Introduction Inanimate subject is a kind of english syntactic structure. The subject in english can be expressed in two types: personal and impersonal. When expressed in impersonal way, this sentence does emphasize the thing happening on the person, while in Chinese it can be translated into"什么人怎么样了". Furthermore, the impersonal subject also can be divided into two types: inanimate subject and animate

无生命主语句的翻译

Translation Practice 2：（无生命主语句的翻译) 1. The thought of spending another year makes me physically sick. 想到花多一年的时间，我就反感。 2. Right now it strikes me that it is a mission by no means easy to complete. 此时此刻我突然间想到这是个绝非容易完成的任务。 3. A clear conscience laughs at false accusations. 只要问心无愧，别人的指责可以一笑置之。 4. Winter finds out what summer lays by. 到了冬天才知道夏天储存东西的重要。 5. His youth got him off. 他已青春不再。 6. The courage escaped from me at the moment. 我当时没有勇气。 7. A lot of troubles visited the poor family. 贫贱夫妻百事哀。 8. The shortest cut would take us five hours to get there. 我们最快也要五个小时才能到那里。 9. Down met him well along the way. 他一路挫败连连。 10. Shanghai first saw the rise of the movement． 运动首先在上海爆发。 11. Something inside me seemed to stop momentarily. 我脑子突然短路了。 12. Perhaps, this scene will come back to you years later when you sit alone at sunset like this. 或许若干年后当你像这样独自坐在黄昏中你会回想起这种场景。 13. No wonder that the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generation back 50 year ago. 难怪许多老一辈的人就会回忆起50年前的事。 14. His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 由于疲倦和发烧，他决定找最近的阴凉处坐下休息。 15. The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents． 一见到这个孤儿，我总是想起她的父母。 16. The idea that he will go abroad for further study made him excited． 他因为能够到国外深造儿感到兴奋。 17. Losing his fortune drove him mad. 他因失去财产而发疯。 18. The want of his family had kept him from school, and he had to work as a casual labourer. 他因家庭贫困而无法上学，只好去打零工。 19.The publisher’s rejection of his manuscript depressed him. 出版商拒绝了他的手稿，他很沮丧。 20. The 1960s witnessed the growth of a very restive younger generation in the US． 20世纪60年代见证了美国年轻一代的成长。 21. His saying that her was sorry altered the case. 她说她对改变这个方案很抱歉。 22. Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.

奇门遁甲全书经典句子

奇门遁甲全书经典句子 导读：本文是关于奇门遁甲全书经典句子，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、天降赤目，白虎出土，苍穹开窍，重见灵主。老爷发威，八爷动武，奇门遁甲，一二一五。 2、科学就像一个气球，里面是已知，外面是未知，已知部分越大，和未知的接触面就越大。 3、这世界上的绝大多数怪事，都是人为的，和灵异世界无关。所以妖魔鬼怪基本上和正常人的生活没有交集，她们并不可怕，可怕的，是人心。 4、存在，必然有存在的道理，只不过悲喜繁复，画卷成型。 5、施舍和慷慨不同的地方在于，施舍是将自己不需要东西送个别人，而慷慨是将对自己也很重要东西送给别人。相比较而言，后者要高尚得多。 6、芍药地一带，有一条特殊的胡同，它拐了九个弯，最后却是死路一条。这有点儿像人生。 7、男人想高贵，需要很多附属的东西，比如金钱，比如地位，比如修养，比如服饰。而女人不同，只要她清高，立即就没有人敢轻视了。 8、她支吾了半天，也没说出子午卯酉。 9、鸣呼！分天地于掌握，罗列宿于心胸，风雷从其呼吸，神鬼

听其指挥，其天府石室之秘文，运筹决胜之神算乎！ 10、也许时间经常会停的，但是我们不知道，因为时间停下来的时候，人是没有记忆的。这件事深想起来挺可怕的，说不定我们的这一秒钟和上一秒钟中间，时间停顿了一亿年。 11、你动我的染料，我当然要还你一点颜色！等着！ 12、爱是自然而然发生的，如果因为年龄小，就把这份爱扼杀掉，非要等到年龄大了，再去制造一份，还有比这更愚蠢的事吗？ 13、一般说来，只有在内心做加法的女孩，才会在外表上不停地做减法。 14、心里光明的人永远在明处，心里阴暗的人永远在暗处。心里光明的人永远要被心里阴暗的人偷窥，防不胜防。 15、一下雪整个世界都变成了医院。那是老天在为人类医治蒙灰的灵魂。 16、不要被眼前的所看的表象迷惑，事态的发展是需要用心体会的。 17、戴九履一，左三右七，四二为肩，八六为足，五守中央。 18、这个人超凡脱俗，穿越时空，跳出三界，不在五行，来去自由如风。 19、某种人在你眼前晃动，你可以安心。有一天，这个人突然在你视野里消失了，那么你就要当心了。

无生命主语句的翻译(补充)

Translation Exercises：（无生命主语句的翻译) 1. One reliable source said that major tax changes were being considered by the Treasury. 据可靠消息，财政部正在考虑对税收办法作重大改革。 2. The minutes slipped by quickly. 时间一分一分地溜走了。 3. The eighteenth century produced many volumes of the “life and adventures”of varous heroes and heroines. 在18世纪，有关描写各种人物的生活与经历的书籍纷纷问世。 4. A profound melancholy seized him. 他突然产生了一种忧郁情绪。 5. Monday morning found T om miserable. 星期一早晨，汤姆显得很难过。 6. The explosion of births has made this country poorer and poorer. 由于出生率激增，这个国家越来越贫穷。 7. The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents. 一见到那个孤儿，我就想到了她的父母。 8. The shortest cut would take us five hours to get there. 抄近路也要5 小时才能到那里。 9. The fresh sunlit January morning filled the young teacher with happy thought. 一月的早晨清新晴朗，令年轻教师心中充满了愉快的感想。 10. It is generally felt that his appointment was a serious mistake. 现在大家都觉得当时对他的任命是个严重的失误。 11. A splendid idea suddenly occurs to me. 我突然有了个好主意。 12. The sight of a tailor-shop gave me a sharp longing to shed my rags, and to clothe myself decently once more. 我一看到一家服装店，心里就起了一阵强烈的愿望，很想扔掉这身褴褛的衣服，重新穿得像个样子。 13. From the moment we stepped into China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 一踏上中国国土，我们就随时随地受到各方面的关怀和照顾。 14. Three hours set him down in a little town near the state line. 三小时后，他来到这个州边境附近的一个小镇。 15. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic (全景的）view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memories. 从办公室窗口望出去，他可以看见华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念堂的全景。16. His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲惫不堪，天气又越来越热，于是想就近找个阴凉的地方，坐下歇会儿。 17. Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride. 东方欲晓的时候，他已走了一大段路了，这次骑马旅行是很愉快的，没有碰到意外事件。 18. The evening of November 3 saw the IWW (industrial workers of the world ) tactics bearing fruit. 11月3日晚，世界产业工人协会的战术生效了。 19. The May Fourth Movement of 1919 saw the beginnings of the “New Redology”, represented, by scholars such as Hu Shi and Yu Ping-bo.

第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译

第十四讲无生命主语句的翻译 一、教学目的：了解和掌握无生命主语句在翻译中的应用。 二、教学要点：无生命主语句的表现形式及译法 三、教学过程： 无生命主语句（Non-life subject sentences）: 类型： The past decade saw much great progress in our society. 我国社会在过去10年里取得了很大的进步 That night sleep eluded him那天夜里他没有睡好。 Rome witnessed many great historic events.罗马城发生过许多重大的历史性事件。 Her illness prevented her from attending the conference on linguistics. 她因病没有参加语言学术会议。 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。 译法： 1．把无生命主语转换成有生命主语，必要时切分句子，将主语分译成分句。 The word “expect” always crept into Dad’s stories.爸爸讲故事时，总要不经意地说出“期望”这个词。 Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of the Peking regime. 华侨背井离乡，远居国外，因此他们在感情上越来越向往北京政权。 My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology.恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 2. 把无生命主语转换成具体事物的主语，或是保留原主语，并同时改变与之搭配的谓语动词，必要时须切分句子，将主语分译成分句或者单句或是调整整个句子的语序。 My arms and legs go to sleep我的手脚不管用了。The door refuses to close.门关不上 The thought of returning to his native land never deserted (抛弃)him amid （在－之中） his tribulation（苦难，磨难）在苦难中重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕。 3.把无生命主语转换成汉语的状语。 Investigation led us to the foregoing (前面的)conclusion.经过调查，我们得出了上述结论。 March was to take Elizabeth to Hunsford. 三月，伊丽莎白将前往汉斯福德。 The evening of November 3 saw the IWW(industrial workers of the world )tactics bearing fruit. 11月3日晚，世界产业工人协会的战术生效了。 Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时侯，他已走了一大段路了，这次骑马旅行很愉快，没有碰到意外事件。 4. 把无生命主语转换成汉语复句。 Losing his fortune drove him mad. 他由于失去自己的财产而发疯。

书面表达写作技巧之二十：如何使行文中出现无灵主语句

二轮复习书面表达写作技巧之二十： 如何使行文中出现无灵主语句 所谓的无灵主语句，即无生命的事物作主语来展开句子。形象地说，无灵主语句如同轻灵的舞者，翩然舞动在自由的天空下，不时给烈日炙烤的生灵送去一阵微风，间或在波澜不惊的水面激起一丝涟漪。从充当句子主语的词语来看，无灵主语句大体有以下几类：1．表示时间、地点等的名词作主语的句子。这类无灵主语句常用see, find, witness 等动词作谓语，往往带有比喻或拟人的修辞手法。 ①The following months saw my constant progress and my efforts eventually paid off. 接下来的几个月见证了我不断的进步， 我的努力最终有了回报。 ②As is universally acknowledged, the Yellow Crane Tower has witnessed the history of Wuhan. 众所周知，黄鹤楼见证了武汉的历史变迁。 [ 应用体验1] 补全句子 ①最近，很多城市遭受了严重的雾霾，这为我们的生活带来了极大的不便。Recently, many_cities_have_seen_severe_smog,_which brings great inconvenience to our life.

②这短短的两年时间见证了你在汉语学习上所取得的难以置信的进 The_two_short_years_have_witnessed_your_unbelievable_progre ss_in Chinese learning. 2．表示生理、心理状态的名词作主语的句子。此类句子仿佛为您的表达增加了血肉，注入了活力，使写作瞬间变得丰满起来。 ① Grief and sorrow hit me like a bolt from the blue. 悲痛如晴天霹雳一般击中了我。 ② Gradually, a strong passion to help others deeply rooted in my heart. 渐渐地，一种强烈的想要帮助他人的愿望深植我的心间。 [ 应用体验2] 翻译句子①我把感谢送给那些曾经善意地帮助过我的人。 My_gratitude_goes_to_those_who_have_ever_kindly_offered_me a_helping_hand. ②沮丧和绝望把我逼到了崩溃的边缘。 Frustration_and_despair_drove_me_to_the_edge_of_breaking_do wn. ③我惊讶得说不出话来。 Astonishment_deprived_me_of_my_power_of_speech. 3．表示行为、动作意义的名词作主语的句子。这极有利于增加主语的多样性，吸引读者的目光。 The strike went on for a month before it was settled.

什么是无灵主语[整理版]

什么是无灵主语[整理版] 什么是无灵主语, 无灵主语的概念极为简单:有无生命的事物做主语来展开句子。其实它向我们 传达的只是一种思维，一种思考的方式而已。什么是无灵主语, Eg: I love everbody.译为:我爱大家。如果出现在口语中，这样的表达当然最为清晰，但如果出现在写作中，如下表达可能更为生动一些:My love goes to everbody.从例子可以看出，用客观的事物love代替有生命的I，这就是无灵主语的实质。但我们为什么要使用无灵主语，它究竟有什么优点呢, (1)增加主语的多样性。往往在写作时，我们会反复用同一有生命的词作主语，使语句显得单调，重复。这些总在不经意之间常常发生。 Eg: We don’t think so.If we want light,we must conquer darkness. 三个we的使用，使句子显得平淡，甚至别扭，但如果稍加变动，句子会显得协调的多。? We don’t think so.If we want light,darkness must be conquered. ? This idea can’t acquire our ac ceptance,If we want light,we must conquer darkness. (2)使语言更生动化。将无生命的事物作主语而展开的句子，往往会用上比喻、拟人等修辞手法，语言随之提升一个档次。 Eg: 青少年常常沉迷于网络。 Indulge(sb) in, be addicted in; Be absorbed in; pay attention to;concentrate on. Internet is Pandora’s Box for youth. 这也就是无灵主语的难点所在，也是华丽之处:并不是简单的主动语态变为被动语态，而是用主动语态去表达被动意义。 Eg: People accepted the fact.人们接受这个事实。并不是简单地变为