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最新人教版八年级下册英语unit1-unit3单元知识点

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

1.What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

matter 和trouble 为名词，其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the

用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：

What’s the matter with sb.? =What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough咳嗽have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache牙疼

have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache

back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 形容词，意为太...... ，too much+名词，意为很多，大量。

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好，enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied

7.sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.

sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.

8. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

9. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车

10. agree 同意，赞同;agree with sth. 同意某事agree to sb. 同意某人的意见

12. be in trouble遇到麻烦，make trouble 制造麻烦，

have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。

13. right away=right now=at once，意为马上。

14.【复习】advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advise sb. doing sth.

15. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.

16. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。

17.be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；

His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：

It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.

18. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物:sth. run out. 某物用尽了。人:sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.

19. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险

20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的

21.decision 【名词】决定；抉择；make a decision 做决定; make a decision to do sth.=

decide to do sth. 。

22. be in the control of …掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制，无法管理be under control被控制住，在控制之中23.mind意为介意，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window?

24. give up (doi年g) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；

二、重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如：She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.

hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西introduce oneself 介绍……自己

提醒1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。

（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks

一、基本知识点

1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定语a sick child

【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because she is ill.

2. cheer (sb.) up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class.

3. give out分发；散发=hand out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.

give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人

4. volunteer【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. \自愿做某事，

The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.

5. used to do sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。

There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机。

They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。

6. alone【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.

lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.

7. care for sb./sth.照顾；照料…… care【名词】小心，关心take care of=look after →【动词】care about sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事→【形容词】careful 仔细的/ careless 粗心的→【副词】carefully 仔细地

8. such“这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词

such+ a/ an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions多么重要的建议such delicious food多么美味的食物

如果名词前被many, much, few, little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time

9. try out for…参加选拔，争取成为…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out试用，试验

10. journey（尤指长途）旅行行程；trip多指短途旅行；travel travel around the world →【名词】traveler旅行者

11.【复习】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情

12. try doing sth. 试着去做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try one’s best (to do sth.) 尽某人最大的努力去做某事

13.【复习】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人、某事

14. raise money集资，筹钱；raise money for…为……筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集

15. keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持

16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。

17.make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，make it +形容词(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为…；think/find it +形容词to do sth.

18. make a difference to…对……有影响；对……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修饰，如

The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.

19. difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；

have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

20. train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a trained dog

21. be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋，Everyone is excited about the good news.

22. order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order。

23. change【动词】变化，改变It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名词】变化；零

change A for B用A换成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.

24.repair 【动词】修理，修补；fix【动词】安装；使固定【fix up修理=repair】

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

1.Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？

用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是can 的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry , I can’t

2、take out 取出（v+ adv）【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边

take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走take back 收回take place 发生take off 脱下；起飞

3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗

1.do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服

2.do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生结构

3.do one’s + 名词do one’s homework 做家庭作业

4.do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物

4、Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？

1】Could I do sth? 我可以做......吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?

2】at least 至少，。(反) at most 至少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.

3】finish v 结束；完成finish doing sth 做完某事— Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock?

5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.

【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.

6、Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？

take 的用法：1.拿取Please take some books to the classroom.2. 吃，喝服用Take this medicine three times a day.

3.乘They usually take the bus to work.

4.花费时间/金钱It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

take a walk 去散步take a rest 休息take care of 照顾take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据take down 拿下take one’s time 不急；慢慢来take one’s temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。

【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.

【解析2】in front of 指在物体外部的【记】The policeman stood ___in front

of________ the car.

in the front of 指在物体内部的前面The driver sat _____in the front

of___________ the car.

有the无the区别大at table 吃饭；进餐at the table 在桌边in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

come 短语：come across（偶然）发现come back 回来come up with想出come true实现

come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来come on赶快,加油

come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always

8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......

9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。

【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”

⑴ neither两者都不neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定

Neither Tom nor Jim is a student

⑵表达“…也不……则用“Neither /Nor + be / V助/ V情+ 主” —The first one wasn’t bad. —Neither was the second.

10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.

【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find → found →found v寻找

(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……

◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.

11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。

【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊→surpri sing adj. 令人吃惊的

→surprised adj. 吃惊的

to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at 对……感到吃惊

12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”我回答说。

【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。

(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done

用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t

— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t

【解析2】share 分享；共用share sth 分享或共用某物

share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物(All his friends __Shared___ his happiness when he won the match.

13. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗pass sb.sth 把某物递给某

Pass on 传递Please pass the paper on to the other students.⑵ v 通过；路过I pass your home.⑶ v 通过（考试）；及格Tom can pass his math exam.

15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？

(1)borrow ,与from 连用，尤指主语“借进来”borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物

You can borrow the book from the library.

(2)lend ,与to 搭配指借出去lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn’t want to

lend his book to others.

(3)(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

I want to __borrow__ a bike from my friend but he didn’t _lend___ it to me, bec ause Tom had _kept__ it for two days.

16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。

try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。

(1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

17. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.

18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事

(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事

ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮助

19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。

【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事— Can you finish _reading__ these books before 10

o’clock?

【解析2】while conj. “在……期间；当……的时候”While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。

While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.

【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。help v帮助→ helpful adj. 有帮助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下

(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your help, we couldn’t catch the thief.

20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地

【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地点邀请某人去某地

21.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.

我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事

make → made →made v. 做，制作，使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容词“让某人或某物…” make you happy

(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh.

22.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too. 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。

【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空

23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金waste time/money on sth

waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱

24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。

in order to 目的是；为了后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事He ran quickly in order not to be late for the meeting.

【解析2】get into =enter 进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：

get up 起床get back 返回get over 克服get dressed穿衣get into进入get/be lost丢失

get off/on下/上车get on well with sb.与某人相处得好get out of从…出来get warm 变暧

get ready for +n.为…做准备get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复get a chance 有机会、得到机会

get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关：(be asleep睡着)

25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.

而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。

get/ become/ go辨析：⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.

⑵ become 强调变化的结果It's becoming colder and colder.

⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿

26. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。

【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for)

=provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.

27. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。

【解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）

28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.

我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。

【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的

29. Children these days depend on their parents too much.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。

30. ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。

1. do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责

2.keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使......处于某种状态”Her mother asked her to keep the windows open and the door closed.

keep 系动词“保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy

实义动词“保持；继续” (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事He was in great pain but he kept on working

(2) keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

31. Doing chores helps to develop children’s indep endence and teaches them how to look after themselves.

做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。

develop independence培养独立意识develop v→development n发展→developing adj发展的

→developed adj.发达的a developing country 一个发展中国家n a developed country 一个发达国家China is a __developing___country.

32. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。

【解析】since conj. 既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）

.—You have been in Neijing very long?—Yeah. Since my parents came here.

33. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。【拓展】与take相关的短语：

take photos/pictures 照像take away拿走take out取出(work out算出) take care当心take medicine服药take place发生take one’s temperature 量体温take one’s time别着急take a walk散步

34. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。

1.as a result 结果放在句首，用逗号隔开【解析2】fall ill 生病fall asleep 入睡

35 .The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。【解析】the + 比较级，the + 比较级“越...... 越...... ”

The more you smile, the ___ happier____ you will feel.

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