新题型大学英语四级教程--答案(上交大版)

附录二

参考答案

U n i t 1

Ⅳ.B i l i n g

u a l S t u d i e s 2.T r a n s l a t i o n (1)h a v eb e e n r e v e r e da sm a s t e r s i nE u r o p

e (2)T h e r e i s n o t h i n g m o r em y s t e r i o u s t h a n (3)t h em a i n l a n do fC h i n ah a v en o t y e t e s t a b l i s h e d t h e m s e l v e s a s av e r y s t r o n gp r e s e n c e (4)a r eh a r d e r ,t o u g h e r a n d s t r o n g e r t h a n (5)i sm o r eb e a u t i

f u l t h a na p i c t u r e (6)m o r eo f a na r t i s t t h a no f a t e a c h e r

(7)p l a y e dw i t hm o r ed a r i n g t h a n s k i l l (8)w i s e r t h a n t ob e l i e v e ;w i t h o u t a s e c o n d t h o u g h t (9)m o r e t h a n i t d i d l a s t y e a r

Ⅴ.V o c a b u l a r y B

u i l d e r 2.B u s i n e s sE n g l i s h W o r dB u i l d i n g A c t i v i t i e s (1)C 一(2)B 一(3)A 一(4)C 一(5)A 一(6)C (7)A 一(8)C 一(9)B 一(10)C 一(11)B 一(12

)A ⅥW r i t i n g 1.E n g l i s h W r i t i n g B a s i c s :D i c t i o n (1)E x e r c i s e (A ):(a )s t r a y ;一一(b )l i c k i n g ;一一(c )s o a k ;一一(d )e n v e l o p e d ;一一(e )p r e s s e d ,t h i e v e d ,f l a s h e d ...o v e r E x e r c i s e (B ):(a )W e s h o u l da l s oc o n s i d e r p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s .(b )T h e r e f o r e ,y o u r p r o p o s a l s e e m s t ou s u n p

r a c t i c a l .(c )H i s d e v e l o p m e n t o f a s e r i e s o f n e wr e s e a r c hm e t h o d s l e d t oh i s g r e a t s u c c e s s .(d )N o tm a n y t e a c h e r s c a n t e a c he f f e c t i v e l y .(e )E v e n t u a l l y an e wf a dw i l l r e p l a c e t h i s s c o o t e r c r a z e .E x e r c i s e (C ):(a )T h e n e w s a b o u t t h i s e l e c t i o n s c a n d a l w a s f i r s t r e p o r t e d i n t h e l o c a l n e w s p a p e r .(b )N o s c i e n t i s t k n o w s e x a c t l y w h e r e t h e i n f o r m a t i o nh i g h w a y w i l l l e a du s .(c )C o m p

e t e n c ea l o n es h o u l d b e a b l et o d e c i d e w h e t h e rat e a c h e rs h o u l d b e a l l o w e d t o t e a c h .(d )T h e s t o c k h o l d e r s c a nh a r d l y b e c r e d u l o u s e n o u g h t o b e l i e v ew h a t t h e y a r e t o l d .(e )T h e m o s ta n n o y i n g t a s ki m p o s e d o n t h e y o u n g i m p

a t i e n t m o t h e ri st h e c h a n g i n g o f e n d l e s s d i a p e r s .(

b e s t o w =授予;含褒义e .g

.b e s t o wa nh o n o r o n t h eh e r o )(f )T h es i t u a t i o n h a sb e c o m e v e r y s e r i o u sa n d r e q

u i r e si m m e d i a t e a t t e n t i o n .

332 附录二

(d r a s t i c=激进的/严重的;常充当定语三e.g.d r a s t i c m e a s u r e s;ad r a s t i c

s h o r t a g e o f w a t e r)

2.W r i t i n g A c t i v i t i e s

T a s kA:

T h eB e s t P a r e n t s

B a s e d o n t h e c h i l d-p a r e n t s r e l a t i o n s h i p,p s y c h o l o g i s t s h a v e i d e n t i f i e d t h r e e t y p e s o f p a r e n t s:p e r m i s s i v e,a u t o c r a t i c a n da u t h o r i t a t i v e.

C o n f r o n t e db y a15-y e a r-o l d w h o w a n t st oa t t e n daS a t u r d a y-n i g h t p a r t y,a p e r m i s s i v e p a r e n tm i g h ts a y: O k a y,b u tt r y n o tt os t a y o u tt o ol a t e. P e r m i s s i v e p a r e n t sa r ee i t h e r i n d i f f e r e n t t o t h e i r k i d s o r s p o i l t h ek i d s t o om u c h.A na u t o c r a t i c p a r e n tm i g h t r e s p o n d, N o, y o ua r e t o o y o u n g f o r t h a t. E n do f d i s c u s s i o n.

A u t o c r a t i c p a r e n t s d i c t a t e,d o w n t o t h e l a s t d e t a i l s.T h ea u t h o r i t a t i v e p a r e n t c o n s i d e r s t h e c h i l d s v i e w p o i n t,t h e n d e c i d e s: Y o u k n o wo u r r u l e a b o u t w e e k e n d s.W e a g r e e d o n a10o c l o c k c u r f e w.Y o u c a n g o t o t h e p a r t y i f y o u r eh o m e b y10. K i d sm a yp r e f e r p e r m i s s i v e p a r e n t s a n d r e b e l a g a i n s t a u t o c r a t i c p a r e n t s.U n d o u b t e d l y,t h em o s t b e n e f i c i a l t o t h e c h i l d r e n s g r o w t h i s t h e a u t h o r i t a t i v e s t y l e,w h i c h g i v e s t h e ml e e w a y b u ta l s os e t sf i r ml i m i t s.C o m i n g d o w nh a r do n e v e r yp e t t y d e t a i le s c a l a t e s m i n o rd i s a g r e e m e n t si n t oa l l-o u t w a r f a r e,a n d m a y a l i e n a t et h e c h i l d r e n f r o mt h e i r p a r e n t s.O n t h eo t h e r h a n d,a l l o w i n g k i d s f u l l f r e e d o m m e a n s l e a v i n g t h e m g r o w i n g w i l d.O n l y t h e p a r e n t sw h oa l l o wt h e i rk i d s f r e e d o m w i t hr e s p o n s i b i l i t y,a n d w i t h i n d i s c i p l i n a r y l i m i t s,h a v e m o r ei n f l u e n c et h a n e i t h e ra u t o c r a t i c p a r e n t so r p e r m i s s i v e o n e s.

C h i l d r e nw i t ha u t h o r i t a t i v e p a r e n t s a l w a y s e n j o y ah e a l t h y e n v i r o n m e n t i nw h i c h t o g r o w.

T a s kB:

W o r ka n d p l e a s u r e a r e t w o i m p o r t a n t p a r t s o f e v e r y o n e s l i f e.P e o p l e l e a d d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f l i f eb a s i c a l l y b e c a u s eo f t h e i r d i f f e r e n t a t t i t u d e t o w a r dw o r ka n d p l e a s u r e.

I tm a y b es a i dt h a tr a t i o n a la n di n d u s t r i o u s(勤劳)h u m a nb e i n g sa r ed i v i d e di n t ot w o c l a s s e s:f i r s t,t h o s ew h o s ew o r ki sw o r ka n dw h o s e p l e a s u r e i s p l e a s u r e;s e c o n d,t h o s ew h o s e w o r k a n d p l e a s u r e a r e o n e.O f t h e s e t h e f o r m e r a r e t h e m a j o r i t y.T h e y h a v e t h e i r c o m p e n s a t i o n s.T h e l o n g h o u r s i n t h e o f f i c e o r f a c t o r y b r i n g w i t h t h e ma s t h e i r r e w a r d,n o t o n l y t h em e a n s o f l i v i n g,b u t k e e na p p e t i t e f o r p l e a s u r e e v e n i n i t s s i m p l e s t a n dm o s tm o d e s t f o r m s.

B u t F o r t u n e s f a v o r e dc h i l d r e n(命运之神的宠儿)b e l o n g t ot h es e c o n dc l a s s.T h e i r l i f ei sa n a t u r a l h a r m o n y.F o r t h e mt h ew o r k i n g h o u r s a r e n e v e r l o n g e n o u g h.E a c hd a y i s a h o l i d a y,a n d o r d i n a r y h o l i d a y s w h e n t h e y c o m e a r e g u a r d e d a se n f o r c e di n t e r r u p t i o n si n a n a b s o r b i n g v o c a t i o n.

I nm y o p i n i o n,t h e n e e d o f a n a l t e r n a t i v e o u t l o o k,o f a c h a n g e o f a t m o s p h e r e i s e s s e n t i a l t o b o t hc l a s s e s.I n d e e d,i tm a y w e l l b e t h a t t h o s ew h o s ew o r k i s t h e i r p l e a s u r e a r e t h o s ew h om o s t n e e d t oc h a n g e t h e i r a t t i t u d eo n c e i naw h i l e.

U n i t2

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

432

(1)对这次考试成绩的详细分析表明,目前教学还存在着严重问题三(2)尽管索尔克博士研制艾滋病疫苗的方式受到批评,但他和他的商业伙伴对成功仍充满信心三(3)我们必须考虑选择其他一些饮食模式:减少肉食消费,多食用新型高蛋白豆制品,开发海洋资源食品三

(4)当今广大民众对科学的兴趣重又燃起,这很大程度上是由于斯蒂芬四霍金及他用简易语言表述复杂理论的才能三

(5)当看到一些学生的作品得以发表,我尝到了其中的喜悦三(6)小笠原亮现年六十五岁,是位建筑工人三他至今仍为当年的记忆所困扰 他曾在一个用战俘做实验品的秘密医疗部队服役过两年三

(7)当今,教育及其相关的科研仍是麻省理工学院的主要目标,而且其指导原则与现实世界存在着一定相关性三

(8)许多第三世界国家,由于失业率高,工资低,出现了工人移居发达国家的现象三(9)如果你大学毕业时具备了训练有素的头脑,即使没学到什么有用的东西,你仍会走在前列,某种意义上也仍是个受过教育的人三

(10

)美国每年有数万人,在他们的心脏还足以维持生命的情况下,却因急救不充分而死去三Ⅵ.W r i t i n g 2.W r i t i n g A

c t i v i t i e s T a s kA :H o wt oP r e p

a r e f o r a n I n t e r v i e w J o

b i n t e r v i e wi s t h e p r o

c e s s i nw h i c h y o u r p r o s p e c t i v e e m p l o y

e r c o l l e c t s i n

f o r m a t i o no n y o u b y a s k i n gq u e s t i o n s a n do b s e r v i n

g h

o w y o u g i v ea n s w e r s a n dh o w y o ua c t .W h e t h e r y o uc a n g e t t h e j o bd e p e n d s l a r g e l y o

n y o u r i n t e r v i e w p e r f o r m a n c e .T h e s e c r e t o f s u c c e s s a t a n i n t e r v i e wi s p r e p

a r a t i o n d o y o u r h o m e w o r k f i r s t .H e r ea r e s o m e s u g g e s t i o n s o nh o wt o p r e p a r e f o r a n i n t e r v i e w.F i r s t ,

b ew e l l p r e p a r e d f o r t h e q u e s t i o n sm o s t l i k e l y t ob ea s k e db y t h e i n t e r v i e w e r .G o t o t h e l i b r a r y o r g e t o n l i n e ,a n d f i n d o u t a l l i n f o r m a t i o n y o u

c a n a b o u t t h e j o b a n

d t h

e o r g a n i z a t i o n y o uh o p e t ow o r k

f o r .T h e nu s e t h e i n f o r m a t i o n t o p r e d i c t t h e q u e s t i o n s t ob e a s k e d .A c t u a l l y ,a n y t h i n gy o u f i n do u t a b o u t t h e p r o s p e c t i v ee m p l o y e r c a nb eu s e d t o y o u ra d v a n t a

g ed u r i n g t

h e

i n t e r v i e wt o s h o wt h a t y o uh a v eb o t h e r e d t om a s t e r s o m e f a c t s a b o u t t h ec o m p a n yy o uh o p

e t o s e r v e .

S e c o n d ,w r i t ed o w n (i nE n g l i s h ,i f n e c e s s a r y )a n d r e m e m b e r t h e q u e s t i o n s y o uw a n t t oa s k t h e i n t e r v i e w e r s o t h a t y o u a r e n o t s p e e c h l e s sw h e nh e /s h e i n v i t e s y o u r q u e s t i o n s .T r y t o a s k t h e j o b -r e l a t e d q u e s t i o n s t h a t s u g g e s t y o ua sah a r d -w o r k i n gp

e r s o nw i t har e a l i n t e r e s t i nt h e j o b .M a k e s u r e t h eh o l i d a y s a n d p a y a r en o t t h e

f i r s t t h i n

g s t o i n q u i r ea b o u t .A n dl a s t ,d r e s si n n e a t ,c l e a n a n d c o n s e r v a t i v e c l o t

h e s ,w h

i c h ,t o g

e t h e r w i t h c a l m ,c o n

f i d e n tm a n n e r s ,m a y h e l p t oc r e a t ea f a v o r a b l e f i r s t i m p

r e s s i o n .P r e p a r i n g f o r a n i n t e r v i e w i s a j o b i n i t s e l f -t h e h a r d e r y o uw o r k a t i t ,t h e b e t t e r c h a n c e y o u w i l l h a v eo f g e t t i n g t h e j o b .T a s kB :U n l e a s hY o u rC r e a t i v i t y

532 附录二

A r e y o u c r e a t i v e?I f y o ua r e l i k em o s t p e o p l e,y o u p r o b a b l y t h i n k y o u r en o t.T h r o u g h o u t o u r l i v e s,w e r e t o l d t h a t c r e a t i v i t y i s r a r e a n dm y s t e r i o u s,a n d t h a t o n l y a r t i s t s a r e c r e a t i v e.

B u t p s y c h o l o g i s t s,a f t e rm a n yy e a r so f r e s e a r c hh a v ec o n c l u d e dt h a t c r e a t i v i t y i sw i t h i ne v e r y o n e s r e a c h n oe x c e p t i o n s.

T o u n l e a s h y o u r c r e a t i v i t y,m a s t e r t h e s e s t r a t e g i e s:

C a p t u r i n g.N e wi d e a sa r ef l e e t i n g t h r o u g h y o u rc o n s c i o u s n e s s.I f y o u d o n t g r a bt h e m q u i c k l y,t h e y r eu s u a l l yg o n e f o r e v e r.

C h a l l e n g i n g.O n e w a y t oa c c e l e r a t et h ef l o w o fn e wi d e a s i st o p u t y o u r s e l f i nd i f f i c u l t s i t u a t i o n sw h e r e y o u r e l i k e l y t o f a i l.W h e nw e f a i l t od o s o m e t h i n g,w eb e g i n t r y i n g o u t o t h e r a p p r o a c h e s.M a n y i d e a s c o m p e t ev i g o r o u s l y,g r e a t l y e n h a n c i n g t h e c r e a t i v e p r o c e s s.

B r o a d e n i n g.T h em o r ek n o w l e d g e y o uh a v ea n dt h e m o r ed i v e r s et h a tk n o w l e d g ei s,t h e g r e a t e r y o u r p o t e n t i a l f o r c r e a t i v eo u t p u t.

C o u n t l e s s a d v a n c e sw e r em a d e p o s s i b l eb e c a u s e t h e i r c r e a t o r s h a de x p e r i e n c e i nd i v e r s ef i e l d s.I f y o uw a n t t oe n h a n c e y o u rc r e a t i v i t y,l e a r na b o u t s u b j e c t s y o uk n o wn o t h i n g a b o u t a n dd o n tw a n t t ok n o wa b o u t.

W i t hn e wc r e a t i v e p o w e r s,w e r ea l l b e t t e r a b l e t o s o l v e t h e l i t t l e p r o b l e m s t h a t t r o u b l eu s d a i l y.

U n i t3

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

(1)由于森林栖息地的丧失和菲律宾猎人的大量捕杀,这种受到严重威胁的鸟类的野生数量减

到不足一百只三

(2)布鲁克斯的诗歌因深化了个人和社会经历的意义而广受称赞三

(3)父亲上周买的食品只吃了一小部分三

(4)通过对一些古老精美材料的巧妙再利用,波士顿市18世纪的芬纽尔大厅得以全面的修复与

改观三

(5)如果将光与热分离,冰淇淋即使暴露于镜子的强光之下也不会融化三一种涂于金属反射器

上的多层特制薄膜 即所谓的 金属冷镜 使这一现象成为可能三

(6)虽然自动化和电子传感技术取得了长足进展,农产品的按质挑选仍主要靠手工完成三

(7)多年以来,海外一直有人热衷于收集和考察美洲土著人的工艺品三

(8)在这次探测任务行将结束之际,可能尝试进行具有高度危险性的飞行以进一步探察该行星

的表层情况三

Ⅴ.V o c a b u l a r y B u i l d e r

1.V o c a b u l a r y B u i l d i n g S k i l l

1)(1)下大赌注的超级赌徒;喜爱文化艺术的人群/附庸风雅的

(2)无息银行贷款

(3)难以预测

(4)穷困国家,由水传播的疾病

(5)充满特技镜头的大片

632

(6)电视点播,被谈论的,按收视次数付费,有线电视2)(1)位于 之首(2)用刀刺死(3)简述 的形象(4)(争论)十分激烈(5)罗列出(6)蹬车(7)用直升机运送(8

)进入停滞状态Ⅵ.W r i t i n g

1.E n g l i s h W r i t i n g B a s i c s :S e n t e n c eB u i l d i n g 1)E x e r c i s e (a )W h e n ,a n d ,s o ,w h e r e ,b u t ,w h i c h ,W h e n ,w h o ,w h e t h e r /i f ,a n d ,a s .(b )A l t h o u g h ,a n d ,a n d ,b e c a u s e ,w h o ,A s ,s o t h a t .2)E x e r c i s e (a )T h ec l a s s i c i m a g eo faw r i t e r i so fa s l i g h t l y d e m e n t e d -l o o k i n gp e r s o n ,l o c k e d i na na t t i c ,s c r i b b l i n g a w a y f u r i o u s l y f o r d a y s o ne n d .N a t u r a l l y ,h eh a s a f a v o r i t eb e a t -u p t y p e w r i t e r ,w i t h o u tw h i c hh e c o u l dn o t p r o d u c e a r e a d a b l ew o r d .N o w a d a y s ,w ek n o wt h a t s u c h i m a g e s b e a r l i t t l e r e s e m b l a n c e t o r e a l i t y .B u t a r e t h e y c o m p l e t e l y f a l s e ?I n t h e c a s eo f a t l e a s t o n e w r i t e r ,i t w o u l d s e e m n o t .M u r i e l S p a r k ,w h o h a s j u s t t u r n e d 80,r e s e m b l e s t h i s s t e r e o t y p i c a l w r i t e r i n m a n y w a y s .B u t s h ei sc e r t a i n l y n

o td e m e n t e d ,a n ds h ed o e s n t w o r k i na na t t i c .B u t s h e i s r a t h e rn e u r o t i ca b o u t t h et o o l so fh e r t r a d e .I nf a c t s h e i s s o s u p e r s t i t i o u s t h a t i f s o m e o n eu s e s h e r p e nb y a c c i d e n t ,s h e i m m e d i a t e l y t h r o w s i t a w a y .(b )Il o o k e da tt h eb l a c k ,u n t a m e dc a t t l ea n dt h e y l o o k e db a c ka t m e ,t h e i re y e s g l i n t i n g t h r o u g h t h e r o u g h f r i n g eo f h a i r t h a t f e l l o v e r t h e i r f a c e .(c )Af i n a l j o bw i t h t h e s t a m p s ,a n d s h e r o s e f r o mt h ed e s kw i t h s t i f f l i m b s a n d t i r e d e y

e s .S h e

f e l t a l i t t l ed i z z y ,b u t s h e l o c k e d t h ed e s kw i t h t h ek n o w l e d g

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c t i v i t i e s T a s kA :

I n t e r n e t s I n f l u e n c e o nO u rL i f e

N o w w eh a v e m o v e df r o m ac u l t u r ec e n t e r e do n n e t w o r k T V ,p h o n e s w i t h w i r e sa n d i n f o r m a t i o no n p a p e r t oad i g i t a l (数码)s o c i e t y .T h ew o r l d i s b e i n g c o n n e c t e do n t h e I n t e r n e t ,a n d t h e r e i s n o g o i n g b a c k .G l o b a l l y ,t h e r ea r em o r e t h a n 200m i l l i o n p e o p l eo nt h eN e t .T h e n u m b e r t e l l s t h ee s s e n c eo ft h es t o r y :t h e N e t i sn ol o n g e ran o v e l t y ,a ni n t e r e s t i n g w a y o f p a s s i n g t h e t i m e .T h e nw h a t i s i t ?H o wi s i t c h a n g i n g t h ew a y w

e l i v ea n dw o r k ?I n t e r n e t i sc h a n g i n g t h e w a y w es h o p .E v e nt h o u g h o n l i n es h o p p i n g r e p r e s e n t so n l y a

f r a c t i o no f t o t a l c o n s u m e r s a l e s t h e s e d a y

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y e a r s,t h ec u r v ei sh e a d i n g s t r a i g h tu p.A n dt h i s i s j u s tas p r i n g b o a r df o raf u t u r et h a tm o s t c o m p u t e r-u s e r sw i l l e n j o y:u s i n g r e m o t e c o n t r o l,y o uw i l l f i n d i t e a s i e r t o c h o o s e f r o ma v a r i e t y o f s t o r e s i na n o t h e r c i t y t h a n g o t o t h e l o c a lm a l l.

B e s i d e s e l e c t r o n i cs h o p p i n g,I n t e r n e t i sm a k i n g m a n y o t h e r t h i n g s t h a tw ed oe a s i e ra n d m o r ec o n v e n i e n t.S o m e p e o p l e a r e a l r e a d y c o n s u l t i n g d o c t o r s o n t h eN e t,i n s t e a d o f g o i n g t o t h e h o s p i t a l;s o m ea r el i s t e n i n g t ot h er a d i oa n d w a t c h i n g T V p r o g r a m so nt h e N e t;s o m ea r e m a k i n g i n v e s t m e n ta n dc o n d u c t i n g b u s i n e s sn e g o t i a t i o n so nt h e N e t;s t i l l m o r ea r es e n d i n g l e t t e r s,p l a y i n gg a m e s,m a k i n g f r i e n d sa n dh a v i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n so nt h e N e t.E a c ho ft h e s e a c t i v i t i e s i s i m p r e s s i v e,a n d t h e c o l l e c t i v e e f f e c t i s ad i f f e r e n t k i n do f l i f e.

S o w e a r e a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a n e w w a y o f w o r k i n g,s h o p p i n g,p l a y i n g a n d c o m m u n i c a t i n g.F o r t h e m o m e n tw ea r ec a l l i n g t h i s p h e n o m e n o ne-l i f e,a n di t s j u s t i nt i m e.

B e c a u s e t h ed a y i sa p p r o a c h i n g w h e nn oo n e w i l ld e s c r i b et h ed i g i t a l,N e t-b a s e d,c o m p u t e r-c o n n e c t e dw o r l dw i t h s u c ha t r a n s i t o r y t e r m.W e l l j u s t c a l l i t l i f ea n da c c e p t i t j u s t a s i t i s. T a s kB:

W h y S u c c e s s i s S oD e a r t oE v e r y o n e

T h e r e h a s n e v e r b e e n as i n g l e u n i f o r m d e f i n i t i o n f o rs u c c e s s.P e o p l e h a v e d i f f e r e n t u n d e r s t a n d i n g s o f s u c c e s sb e c a u s et h e i ra m b i t i o n sa n dv a l u e sv a r y f r o m o n ea n o t h e r.B u to n e t h i n g a b o u t i t i s u n i v e r s a l:s u c c e s s i s p r e c i o u s t oa l m o s t e v e r y o n e.

W ec h e r i s hs u c c e s sb e c a u s ea c h i e v i n g s u c c e s s s a t i s f i e s ab a s i c p s y c h o l o g i c a l n e e do fh u m a n b e i n g s-f e e l i n g g o o d a b o u t o n e s e l f.N o m a t t e r s u c c e s s m a y a c t u a l l y b r i n g:m o n e y f o r b u s i n e s s m e n,p r e s t i g e f o r s c h o l a r s,o r g o o dm a r k s f o r s t u d e n t s,i t i n v a r i a b l y g i v e s t h e s e p e o p l e a s e n s eo f a c c o m p l i s h m e n t,af e e l i n g o f p r i d e,a n da p l e a s u r eo f s e l f-c o n f i d e n c e.T h e s ea r ea l l p o s i t i v e f e e l i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o y o u r s e l f-e s t e e ma n dm a k e y o u f e e l b e t t e r.

W ec h e r i s hs u c c e s sb e c a u s e i t t e a c h e su se n t h u s i a s m,c o u r a g e,p e r s e v e r a n c e,p a t i e n c e,a s e n s eo fr e s p o n s i b i l i t i e sa n d m a n y o t h e ri m p o r t a n th u m a n q u a l i t i e s.T a k ea n e x a m p l eo fa s t u d e n tw i t h a v e r a g e i n t e l l i g e n c e.I n t h e p r o c e s s o f s t r i v i n g f o r a s u c c e s s f u l t e s t p e r f o r m a n c e,h e h a s t o s t u d yp e r s i s t e n t l y w i t h l o t s o f z e s t.H em u s t u n d e r s t a n d t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f l e a r n i n g l i e s w i t hh i m s e l f.H e i s b o u n d t o e x p e r i e n c e d i f f i c u l t i e s,a n d i n c o p i n g w i t h t h e s e d i f f i c u l t i e s h ew i l l g r a d u a l l y l e a r n t h ev a l u eo f c o u r a g ea n do p t i m i s m.

W e c h e r i s h s u c c e s s b e c a u s e i t i sn e v e r e a s y t oc o m eb y.W e s t r i v eh a r dw e i t,b e c a u s ew e k n o wt h a t e v e r y s u c c e s s,h o w e v e r s m a l l,t a k e s u s a s t e p c l o s e r t oab r i g h t e r f u t u r e.

U n i t4

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

(1)在占全国面积一半,人口为全国25%的地区里,居民们必须拨打长达七位数的求救号码,而

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来洪水期所承受的压力三

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(4)通过天文镜天文学家看见的是一个荒芜严酷的世界,但他们相信这个世界仍有可能生存着原始生命三

(5)在美国存在着一种较为常见的平行式生活方式三在这种生活方式中,各民族群体保留着自己的风俗习惯与社会传统三

(6)在一些国家,居民们生活在共同的传统背景下,而美国人则来自不同的民族三因此相比之下,可接受的风俗习惯在美国更为广泛三

(7)最会读书的人能消化吸收最多的知识,并将其转化为自己个性的一部分三(8)体育运动是英国社交季节的核心,这点绝非偶然三(9)现在还不完全清楚金字塔的建造者们是如何使用当时十分原始的工具拖拉垒砌那些巨大石块的三

Ⅵ.W r i t i n g 1.E n g l i s h W r i t i n g B a s i c s :S e n t e n c eV a r i e t y 2)E x e r c i s e :R e w r i t e t h e f o l l o w i n g s h o r t p a s s a g e t oa c h i e v e g r e a t e r s e n t e n c ev a r i e t y . H i l l a r y a n dN o r g a y s t a r t e dc l i m b i n g t o w a r d t h e t o p a g a i n .W o u l d t h e y m

a k e i t ?E v e r y

b o d y w h oh a d t r i e db e f o r eh a d f a i l e d a n dm a n y h a d g o t k i l l e d .S l o w l y ,s t e a d i l y ,t h e y k e p t

c l i m b i n g u n t i l t h e y r e a c h e

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f f .T h e y k n e wt h e y w e r ev e r y c l o s e t o t h e t o p .B u t h o wc l o s e ?B l i n d i n

g ,s w i r l i n g s n o wk e p t t

h e mf r o ms e e

i n g .T h e y k e p t c l i m b i n g a n y w a y .I t w a s o n M a y 29,1953t h a t t h e y f i n a l l y r e a c h e d t h e t o p . T h er e a s o n s f o rD i s n e y s s u c c e s sw e r ev a r i e da n dn u m e r o u s ,b u t u l t i m a t e l y t h ec r e d i t g o e s t o W a l tD i s n e y t h em a nw h o c r e a t e d t h e c a r t o o na n db u i l t t h e c o m p a n y .W i t hh i s g r e a t m a n a g e m e n t a b i l i t y ,h e s i n g l e h a n d e d l y p i o n e e r e d t h e c o n c e p t s o f b r a n d i n g a n d m e r c h a n d i s i n g . T a k ea l o o ka t t h e c r i s i s f a c i n g t h e c i t i e s .A t n o t i m e i nh i s t o r y h

a s t h e r e

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f t h ew o r l d s p o p u l a t i o nw i l l b e l i v i n

g i nc i t i e s t w i c ea sm a n y a s t o d a y .A n d t w i c e a s b a dw i l l b e t

h e p r o b l e m s f a c e d b y t h e c

i t i e s o v e r c r o w d i n g ,p o o r h o u s i n g ,u n e m p l o y m e n t ,p o v e r t y

,a n d l a c ko f f o o da n dw a t e r .H e n c e t h en e e d f o r i m m e d i a t e s o l u t i o n s .2.W r i t i n g A

c t i v i t i e s T a s kA :

I sE n v i r o n m e n t a l P o l l u t i o naC r i m e

?W h e n i t c o m e s t oc r i m e ,w e i n v a r i a b l y t a l ka b o u t s t e a l i n g ,r o b b i n g a n dk i l l i n g ,a n ds o m e o t h e r o f f e n s e s ,w h i c hc a u s ed a m a g e st o p e o p

l e s p o s s e s s i o n sa n dl i v e sa n dt h e r e f o r e m u s tb e p u n i s h e d b y l a w.P r o b a b l y n o tm a n y p e o p l e a s s o c i a t e c r i m ew i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p o l l u t i o n .B u t i n v i e wo f i t s i n c r e a s i n g l y s e r i o u s c o n s e q u e n c e s ,p o l l u t i o n i s u n d o u b t e d l y a

l s oa na c t t h a td e s e r v e s l e g a l p u n i s h m e n t .A n y o n ew h od o u b t s t h i sn e e d so n l y t ol o o ka tw h a t t h en a t u r ei s s u f f e r i n g a sar e s u l to f m a n s s h o r t s i g h t e d n e s sa n d g r e e d .E v e rs i n c et h ei n d u s t r i a lr e v o l u t i o n ,m a nh a sb e e ns l o w l y p o i s o n i n g h i s e n v i r o n m e n t i n t h em a d p u r s u i t o fm a t e r i a l t h i n g s .N o wt h e s k y i s d a r k e n i n g w

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g e-f i l l e d r i v e r s a r e c a u s i n g a r a p i d l o s s o f d r i n k i n g w a t e r a n da nv a l u a b l e f o o d s u p p l y-f i s h.

B e s i d e s t h e s eh o r r i b l ef a c t s,t h e r ei sa l s ot h ee n o r m o u s f i n a n c i a l c o s t i n v o l v e di nt h es o-c a l l e de n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o j e c t s.T a k eas m a l l p a p e r-m a k i n g f a c t o r y a sa ne x a m p l e.T h ef a c t o r y m a y h a v e p r o v i d e d e m p l o y m e n t f o r l o c a l p e o p l e a n d c o n t r i b u t e d100,000y u a n i n c o m e t a x t o t h e s o c i e t y.B u t o n t h eo t h e rh a n d,i t a l s o p o l l u t e dar i v e rb yp o u r i n g s e w a g e i n t o i t.T os a v e t h e r i v e r,t h e g o v e r n m e n tm a y h a v e t o s p e n dam i l l i o no n t h e s e w a g e-t r e a t m e n t p r o j e c t s.

S o t h e r e i s n oo v e r e s t i m a t i n g t h e l o s s e s p o l l u t i o n i s c a u s i n g,b o t hd i r e c t l y a n d i n d i r e c t l y,t o h u m a nb e i n g s.A n dt h e r e i s c e r t a i n l y n oe x a g g e r a t i o ni nc o n s i d e r i n gp o l l u t i o na sac r i m e.I t s t i m e t o s e r i o u s l y c a r r y o u t e n v i r o n m e n t a l l a w s t o p r o t e c t t h e e a r t h o u r h o m e.

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L e a r n i n g i so n eo ft h ee s s e n t i a l p l e a s u r e so ft h eh u m a nr a c e.T h o s e w h oa v o i dl e a r n i n g o f t e nf i n d l i f e d r y a n d m e a n i n g l e s s,f o rt h e y d e p r i v e t h e m s e l v e s o ft h e e x c i t e m e n t a n d f u l f i l l m e n t i n l e a r n i n g s o m e t h i n g n e w.

T h e p l e a s u r eo f l e a r n i n g i s u n i v e r s a l,e v e r y w h e r e t ob e f o u n d.M a n y o f u sh a v e t a s t e d t h e j o y o f l e a r n i n g b y r e a d i n g i n t e r e s t i n g b o o k s.B o o k s a r e n o l u m p s o f l i f e l e s s p a p e r,b u t a v o i c e f a r d i s t a n t i n t i m e a n d s p a c e,t a l k i n g t o r e a d e r s,m i n d t om i n d,h e a r t t oh e a r t.F o r b e y o n db o o k s, w ec a n a l s o e n j o y t h ef r u i t so ft r a v e l i n g,p r o v i d e dt h a t w et r a v e l w i t h a n o p e n m i n dt o u n d e r s t a n do t h e r p e o p l ea n do t h e r p l a c e s,a n da na l e r t e y ef o ra l l k i n d so fn o v e l e x p e r i e n c e s.

F i n a l l y,l e a r n i n g a l s om e a n s l e a r n i n g t o p r a c t i c e,o ra t l e a s t,t oa p p r e c i a t ea na r t.E v e r y n e w a r tw e l e a r nb l e s s u sw i t han e ws e n s e,b y w h i c hw em a y e n j o y t h ew o n d e r s o f t h ew o r l dm o r e i n t e n s e l y.

I f t h e p l e a s u r eo f l e a r n i n g i su n i v e r s a l,w h y a r et h e r es o m a n y d u l l,u n h a p p y s t u d e n t s i n s c h o o l?I t i s b e c a u s e t h e y w e r em a d ed u l l b y b a d t e a c h i n g,b y i s o l a t i o n,b y s u r r e n d e r t o r o u t i n e

a n d

b y t h e i r o w n l a z i n e s s.T h e s t u d e n t sw h o s u f f e r f r o m l e a r n i n g s h o u l db r e a ka w a y f r o mt h e

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U n i t5

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

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(8)F o l l o w i n g h i s g r a d u a t i o n ,...(9)...d e p e n d i n g o n t h e i r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y .(10)...w o r k i n g a t h e r o w na p

a r t m e n t ,...Ⅵ.W r i t i n g

2.W r i t i n g A c t i v i t i e s (2)T a s kA :

B u i l d i n g aG o o dT e a c h e r S t u d e n tR e l a t i o n s h i p

A g o o dt e a c h e r -s t u d e n tr e l a t i o n s h i p i so n eo ft h e g u a r a n t e e sf o rs u c c e s s f u l t e a c h i n g a n d l e a r n i n g .A g o o d r e l a t i o n s h i p l e a d s t o f r u i t f u l c o o p

e r a t i o n ,t h a t i s ,t h e t e a c h e r c a n g u i d e h i s /h e r s t u d e n t sm o r e e

f f e c t i v e l y a n d t h e s t u d e n t s c a n l e a r nm o r e e f f i c i e n t l y

.A n i d e a l t e a c h e r -s t u d e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p n e v e r c o m e s e a s i l y .I t d e p

e n d s o n t h e c o n s c i o u s e

f f o r t s f r o mb o t ht h et e a c h e ra n dt h es t u d e n t s .T h eb e s te x a m p l ec a nb ed r a w nf r o m m yp

e r s o n a l e x p e r i e n c ea sac o l l e g es t u d e n t .W e h a d d e v e l o p e da w a r m ,

f r i e n d l y r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h o u r E n

g l i s

h t e a c h e r ,J o h nK e n t .J o h nw o nu s o v e rw

i t h t h e s p e c i a l e f f o r t s h e p o u r e d i n t oo u r c l a s s .H i s l e c t u r e sw e r ea l w a y sw e l l p r e p a r e da n dd e l i v e r e dc l e a r l y a n d i m a g i n a t i v e l y h ee x p l a i n e d h i s i d e a sw i t h p a i n t i n g s a n d r e c o r d i n g s ,a n do n c eh ee v e ns a n g a s o n g t o i l l u s t r a t ea p o i n t .W e a l s oa d m i r e d t h ef a c t t h a th es p e n t t i m e g e n e r o u s l y w i t hs t u d e n t so u t s i d eo fc l a s s r o o m.B e i n g i n s p i r e db y o u rt e a c h e r sd e v o t i o n ,w es t u d i e da l l t h e m o r ed i l i g e n t l y ,a l w a y sr e s p

e c t

f u la n d p o l i t e .W ew e r ea l l e a

g e r t o s

h o wo u r a p p r e c

i a t i o nb y d o i n g w e l l i n s t u d i e s .O f c o u r s e ,t h i n g s a r en e v e r s o s i m p l ea n dm i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g m a y o c c u ro n c e i naw h i l e .I n t h i s c a s e ,a h o s t i l e ,g r u d g e -b e a r i n g a t t i t u d ew o u l d n e v e r h e l p .B o t h s i d e s s h o u l d b e k i n d ,p a t i e n t a n d f r a n k .B y s i t t i n g d o w na n dh a v i n g a g

o o d t a l k t h e r e i s n o t r o u b l e t h a t c a n tw o r ko u t .T a s kB :

T a k i n g C h a n c e s H o w m a n y s p l e n d i d p l a n sh a v e y o u m a d ef o r y o u r l i f e ?A n dh o w m a n y o f t h e m h a v e g o t c a n c e l l e db e c a u s e y o u f e l t d i s c o u r a g e d a b o u t s o m e i m a g i n e dd i f f i c u l t i e s ?W h e nw e c o m e t o t h i n k o f t h e s e q u e s t i o n s ,w ew i l l b e s u r p

r i s e d t o f i n d t h a tm o r e t h a nh a l f o f o u r d r e a m s h a v e f a i l e d t o c o m e t r u e n o t b e c a u s ew e l a c k t h e a b i l i t y b u t b e c a u s ew e n e v e r g a v e i t a t r y

.S o m e t i m e sw ew e r e j u s t t o om u c ho fac o w a r dt ot r y s o m e t h i n g u n p r e d i c t a b l e .W ew e r e p a r a l y z e db y t h ef e a ro f r i s k s a n d f a i l u r e s .I f y o u f i n d y o u r s e l fa c t i n g l i k es u c hk i n do fac o w a r d ,i t sa d v i s a b l et or e m i n d y o u r s e l f ,f r o mt i m e t o t i m e ,t h e o l d s a y i n g N o t h i n g v e n t u r e d ,n o t h i n g g a i n e d .H e r e i s a l i t t l e a n e c d o t e t oh e l py o uu n d e r s t a n d t h e p o i n t :A m o t h e r t o o kh e r t h r e e s o n s f o r a no u t i n g t oan e a r b y d a m.W h e n t h eb o y s a s k e d i f t h e y c o u l dd i v e do f f an e w l y c o n s t r u c t e db r i d g e ,t h e i r r e q u e s tw a sm e t w i t had e f i n i t en o .N o to n l y w a s i ta 13-f o o td r o p t ot h ew a t e r ,t h e m o t h e r p o i n t e do u t ,b u t t h e r em i g h t b e s u b m e r g e do b s t a c l e s (暗礁)t h a t c o u l db e ad e a t h t r a p

.H o w e v e r t h em i d d l e s o n w a s n o t c o n v i n c e d .A t h i s s u g g e s t i o nh i s e l d e r b r o t h e r v e n t u r e d i n t o t h ew a t e r a n d s u r v e y e d t h e a r e aw h e r e t h e y w a n t e dt o j u m p .T h ed e p t ho f t h ew a t e rw a s f i n e ,a sw e l la sb e i n g w

i t h o u t

142 附录二

o b s t a c l e s.T h eb o y s h a do n eo f t h eb e s t t i m e s o f t h e i r l i v e s t h a t a f t e r n o o n.

T h e t h r e eb o y sw h ov e n t u r e d i n t ot h ew a t e r t a u g h t u sa d u l t sav a l u a b l e l e s s o n.T or e a l i z e o u r d r e a m s a n d g o a l s,w en e e d t o t a k e c o u r a g e a n d g r a b t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s t od oo u r b e s t.D o n t b eb l i n d e d b y s u b m e r g e d o b s t a c l e s t h a t w e r e p r o b a b l y n e v e rt h e r ei n t h e f i r s t p l a c e. R e m e m b e r,n o t h i n g v e n t u r e d,n o t h i n gg a i n e d.

U n i t6

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

(1)对于地球上的任何一种环境,总会有这样或那样的物种与之相适应,并成功地生存下来三

(2)比起旧的雷达系统,这绝非一个小小的改进三

(3)他非常大方三

(4)那位极受尊重的弹道专家的证词根本无法证明是被告开枪杀了人三

(5)这次实验只能是成功的三

(6)任何国家都不能孤立于国际社会之外,更不能凌驾于国际社会之上三

(7)T h i s p a i r o f s h o e s i s n o n e t o oe x p e n s i v e.

(8)T h ev i e wf r o mt h i sw i n d o wi s n o t h i n g s h o r t o f s p e c t a c u l a r.

(9)T e a c h e r s c a n t b e t o o s t r i c tw i t h t h e i r s t u d e n t s.

(10)T h eA m e r i c a n t o u r i s t sw e r ea n y t h i n g b u t t i g h t-f i s t e d.

(11)S h e i s n o t n e a r l y s o p r e t t y a s y o u i m a g i n e.

Ⅵ.W r i t i n g

1.E n g l i s h W r i t i n g B a s i c s T o p i c S e n t e n c e

(2)E x e r c i s e

P a r a g r a p h(a):Y o u j u s t n e v e r k n o w w h e na c e l l u l a r p h o n em i g h t c o m e i nh a n d y.

P a r a g r a p h(b):E-m a i l i s e n a b l i n g r a d i c a l l y n e wf o r m s o fw o r l d w i d eh u m a nc o l l a b o r a t i o n.

P a r a g r a p h(c):T r a v e l,l i k eb o o k s,C D s a n d s o f t w a r e,i s n o wb i g b u s i n e s s o n t h eN e t.

2.W r i t i n g A c t i v i t i e s

T a s kB

b o t hF i r s t,a n d,S e

c o n d,b o t h,T h i r d,b o t h,A n df i n a l l y,O nt h eo t h e rh a n d,T ob e g i n w i t h,w h e r e a s,a l s o

d i f f

e r e n t,I nc o n t r a s t,U n l i k e,D e s p i t e

(2)T a s kA

参考范文:

I sO v e r s e a s S t u d y aG o o dC h o i c e f o rM i d d l e S c h o o l e r s?

O v e r s e a s s t u d y,w i t ha l l i t sr e a lo r i m a g i n e d g l a m o u r,h a sb e c o m ean a t u r a la n dl o g i c a l

c h o i c e f o r m a n y i n t e l l i g e n t,a m b i t i o u s c o l l e g e g r a

d u a t

e s i n s e a r c h o

f f u r t h e r p e r s o n a l

d e v e l o p m e n t.M o s t o f u sh a v ec o m e t oa c c e p t t h i s g o i n g a b r o a d m a n i a.Y e tn o w a d a y sm o r e a n dm o r em i d d l e s c h o o l s t u d e n t s a r e j o i n i n g t h ea r m y f o ro v e r s e a s s t u d y.T h i s i s s o m e t h i n g w e

242

h a v e t o s t o p a n d t h i n ka b o u t :i s i t r e a l l yg

o o d f o r t h e m ?T h o s e p a r e n t sw h o s p e n d t h e i r l i f e l o n g s a v i n g s o r e v e nb o r r o wh e a v i l y

t o s e n d t h e i r c h i l d r e n t o s t u d y a b r o a du n d o u b t e d l y t h i n k w e s t e r ne d u c a t i o ni st h eb e s t t h e y c o u l d p r o v i d ef o rt h e i r c h i l d r e n .F o r t h e mt h e a d v a n t a g e s o f o v e r s e a s s t u d y a r e s e l f -e v i d e n t :T h e y b

e l i e v e t h e i r c h i l d r e n w i l l b e n e

f i t f r o m a d v a n c e d l e a r n i n

g f a c i l i t i e sa n de x c e l l e n t f o r e i g n l a n g u a g ee n v i r o n m e n t ,a n d t

h u s e n j o y ah

i g h e r s t a r t i n gp o i n t t h a n t h o s e s t u d y i n g a t h o m e .S o m e d a y w h e n t h e y c o m eh o m e w i t ha f o r e i g nd i p l o m a ,w h i c h ,i nt h ee y e so fc o m m o n p e o p l e ,s e e m s t oh o l da g r e a t e r s o c i a l v a l u e ,t h e y w i l l s t a n dab e t t e r c h a n c e i nt h e t i g h t j

o b m a r k e t .O fc o u r s e ,t h e r ea r ea l s os o m e p a r e n t sw h os e n dt h e i rc h i l d r e n a b r o a d j u s tt o a v o i dt h ef i e r c ec o m p e t i t i o ni nt h ec o l l e g

e e n t r a n c e e x a ma t h o m e .

D e s p i t ea l l t h e s ea d v a n t a g e s ,o v e r s e a s s t u d y s t i l lm a y n o t b e t h ew i s e s t c h o i c e f o rb o t ht h e p a r e n t s a n d t h ec h i l d r e n .F i r s t ,ac o m m o nf a m i l y s t r u g g l ef o r y e a r su n d e r t h eh e a v y f i n a n c i a l b u r d e n t h a t c o m e s f r o mt h eh i g ht u i t i o nf e ea n d l i v i n g e x p e n s e s i naf o r e i g nc o u n t r y .B e s i d e s ,t e e n a g e r ss t u d y i n g a b r o a d m a y r u ni n t ov a r i o u s p s y c h o l o g i c a l p r o b l e m sf r o m h o m e s i c k n e s s t o i n a b i l i t y t oa d a p t t oa s t r a n g e e n v i r o n m e n t .T oc o p ew i t h l a n g u a g eb a r r i e r ,c u l t u r a l d i f f e r e n c e s a n d r a c i a l d i s c r i m i n a t i o na l l a t o n c e a r e s i m p l y t o om u c h f o r a y o u n g ,v u l n e r a b l em i n d .A s t h e y a r e j u s t i n t h em o s t f o r m a t i v e y e a r so f t h e i r l i f e ,t e e n a g

e r s t e n dt os u

f f e ra l o t f o r t h e l a c ko f t r a d i t i o n a l f a m i l y e

d u c a t i o na n d p a r

e n t a l c a r e .F r o mt h ea b o v ea n a l y s i sw e c a n s e e t h en e g a t i v e a s p e c t s o

f o v e r s e a s s t u d y f o r t e e n a g

e r s a r e t o o g r e a t t ob ei g n o r e d .P a r e n t s s h o u l dt h i n k m o r es e r i o u s l y a b o u t s e n d i n g t

h e i rc h i l d r e nf o r o v e r s e a s s t u d y .T h e i r d e c i s i o nm a y h

a v ea p e r m a n e n t i n f l u e n c eo n t h e i r c h i l d r e n s l i f e .T a s kB

参考范文:

H o u s e v s .H o m e

W h i l ew a l k i n g a l o n g a s t r e e t ,y o u s e e n e a t r o w s o f h o u s e s .R a i n o r s h i n e ,t h e y a l w a y s s t a n d t h e r e ,m o t i o n l e s sa n dl i f e l e s s .Y e t ,o n c e y o uc h o o s et oe n t e ro n eo ft h eh o u s e s ,y o us e ea h o m e aw a r m ,c o z y p l a c e a l i v ew i t hh u m a n a c t i v i t i e s :c o o k i n g ,e a t i n g ,s l e e p i n g ,l a u g h i n g a

n d c r y i n g

.H e r e l i e t h ed i f f e r e n c e sb e t w e e nh o u s e sa n dh o m e s .H o u s e sa r e j u s tb u i l d i n g sm a d eu p o f w o o d ,s t o n eo r m e n t a l .T h e y d o n t t a k el o n g t ob u i l d .P e o p l eb u i l dh o u s e s i no r d e rt oh a v e s o m e w h e r e t o l i v e i n .T h ew h o l e s i g n i f i c a n c ef o rah o u s e i s t o p r o v i d e p e o p l e p r o t e c t i o nf r o m c o l da n d s t o r m s ,a sw e l l a s g i v e p e o p l e s o m e p r i v a c y .O n c e i t s o c c u p a n t sm o v e a w a y

,t h eh o u s e b e c o m e s v a c a n t a n dm e a n i n g l e s s u n t i l s o m e o n e e l s em o v e s i na g a i n .U n l i k eh o u s e s ,h o m e sa r e p r o t e c t i v eh a r b o r m a d eo ff a m i l y m e m b e r s l i v i n g t o g e t h e r ,s h a r i n g j o y s a n d s o r r o w s ,a n d c a r i n g f o r e a c ho t h e r .S u c hh o m e s t a k e a l i f e t i m e t ob u i l d ,d u r i n g w h i c h t i m e l a s t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s a n d f o n dm e m o r i e s a r e f o r m e d .S oh o m e s l a s t l o n g

,e v e na f t e r h o u s e s a r e g o n e .C h i l d r e nc a na l w a y

s g ob a c kt ot h e i rh o m e s f o r p a r e n t a l c o m f o r to r t oh e a l t h e i r s p i r i t u a lw o u n d s .G r o w n -u p s c a n a l w a y s l o o kb a c k u p o

n t h e i r h o m e s a n d f i n d t h e r e h i d d e n p l e a s u r e s o f l i f e .

342 附录二

A d d l o v e t o a h o u s e,a n d y o u g e t a h o m e.L e t s a l l w o r kh a r d t om a k e o u r h o u s e s a h o m e o f l o v i n g m e m o r i e s.

U n i t7

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s

2.T r a n s l a t i o n

(1)显然许多人都希望复制自己三

(2)没有人赞成从一个新生的克隆儿身上摘取其独一无二的器官(如心脏)三如果这样做的话,

那无异于克隆出一个孩子结果却是去杀死它三

(3)在华盛顿政府,并非人人都认为促成一个更强大的欧洲是明智之举三但对欧洲统一采取勉

强的态度,其后果也是不利的三

(4)科学家对该现象已提出多种不同解释:例如,人在仰视时眼球肌肉发生紧张;月球在地平线

上其他物体的参照下显得较大三但至今尚未得出广为接受的解释三

(5)先克隆出高优良胚胎,再将其冷冻起来,然后按农场主要求植入低质量的牛群体内,这样可

以大幅改善牛的品种质量三

(6)I s h o u l d l i k e t oh a v eb o u g h t o n eo f h i s p a i n t i n g s.

(7)...t o s e e y o u r o w n f u t u r ew o u l dm a k e...

(8)...t h e f r e q u e n t c o m p l a i n t o f o n e g e n e r a t i o na b o u t t h e o n e i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r i t i s i n e v i t a b l e.

Ⅵ.W r i t i n g

2.W r i t i n g A c t i v i t i e s

T a s kB

O nE x a mP r e s s u r e

A l m o s t a l l s t u d e n t s s h a r ea s t r o n g s e n s eo f p r e s s u r eb e f o r ee x a m s.T h ec o m m o ns y m p t o m s d i s p l a y e d i n m a n y p r e s s u r e d s t u d e n t sr a n g ef r o m m i l da n n o y a n c ea n dn e r v o u s n e s st od e e p a n x i e t y a n d s l e e p l e s s n e s s a l ln e g a t i v ef e e l i n g sh a r m f u l t oo n e s p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a lh e a l t h. T h a t sw h y m a n y s t u d e n t sh a v ed e v e l o p e dah o s t i l ea t t i t u d e t o w a r dt e s t p r e s s u r e,a n da r eo n l y t o oe a g e r t o g e t r i do f i t a l t o g e t h e r.

B u t f o r t u n a t e l y n o t e v e r y o n e s u f f e rm i s e r a b l y u n d e r e x a m p r e s s u r e.F o r t h o s e f e w w h oa r e a b l e t o t h i n k r a t i o n a l l y a n do p t i m i s t i c a l l y a b o u t e v e r y t h i n g,p r e s s u r e f r o mt e s t sm a y n o t b e s u c h ab a dt h i n g.A w a r et h a th u m a nb e i n g sh a v ean a t u r a l i n c l i n a t i o nt ob ei d l ea n dl a z y,t h e y w e l c o m ee x a m p r e s s u r ea sa m o t i v a t i n g f o r c et h a t p u s h e st h e m t o w o r k h a r d e rf o r g r e a t e r a c h i e v e m e n t s.T h e s e s t u d e n t s o f t e ne m e r g ea sw i n n e r s o f e x a m s,s u c c e s s e s i n l i f e.

I nm y o p i n i o n,e x a m p r e s s u r e i sas t r o n g,w i l dh o r s e,w h i c hc a nc r e a t e m a g i ca sw e l l a s c h a o s.T h e k e y i s h o w y o u t a m e i t a n d r i d e i t.T o g e t t h i s h o r s e o f e x a m p r e s s u r e r u n n i n g t o y o u r a d v a n t a g e,y o u s h o u l df i r s t r e a c har e a l u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f i t.F i r s t,e x a m sa r e m e a n t t oe x e r t p r e s s u r e o n s t u d e n t s,a n d i t i s q u i t e n o r m a l t o f e e l a s e n s e o f p r e s s u r e b e f o r e t e s t s.T h i s i n d i c a t e s y o ua r ew o r r y i n g a b o u t y o u r t e s t p e r f o r m a n c eb e c a u s e y o ur e a l l y c a r ea b o u t i t.S e c o n d,i f y o u j u s t k e e p w o r r y i n g a n dd on o t h i n g a b o u t i t,t h i ss e n s eo f p r e s s u r e w i l l l e a dt oad e p r e s s e d,

442

u n h a p p y m e n t a l s t a t e .B y c o n t r a s t ,i f y o u t a k e y o u rw o r r i e d f e e l i n g a s am a t t e r o f f a c t a n d f o c u s y o u r e f f o r to nt h e p r e p a r a t i o nf o rt h et e s t ,t h i ss e n s eo f p r e s s u r ea u t o m a t i c a l l y t u r n s i n t oa p o s i t i v e f o r c e ,m a k i n gy o u l e a r nm o r ea c t i v e l y a n d p u r p o s e f u l l y

.T h e r e f o r ea s t u d e n tw o r k i n g u n d e r p r e s s u r e i sn o tn e c e s s a r i l y a nu n h a p p y o n e .I fh a n d l e d p r o p e r l y ,p r e s s u r e c a n p r o v i d em o t i v a t i o n ,a no p p o r t u n i t y t o l e a r nm o r ek n o w l e d g

e .U n i t 8

Ⅳ.B i l i n g u a l S t u d i e s 2.T r a n s l a t i o n (1) 计算机 这一概念通常包含那些进行运算或其他数据处理的硬件部分和在实际执行程序时存储数据和指令的内存储器三

(2)H eu r g e da n dd r a g g e dh i s c o m p a n i o nu p t h r o u g h t h ew o o d s ....(3)由于难为情,他们很可能对这些礼貌之词置之不理,令对方大为扫兴三(4)...t ou s e t e s t s ,o t h e r k i n d s o f i n f o r m a t i o n ,o r b o t h i n p a r t i c u l a r s i t u a t i o n ...(5)一个国家通过确保外国企业家在开发其经济时不受任何阻碍,可以从投资二技术转让及就业增长的增值效应中获得好处三

(6)一般而言,若能非常准确地界定所要测定的特征,测试则最为有效;反之,测试效果则最差三(7)很快你就会见到一份文件,为了这份重要文件好几个人冒了生命危险三它在最后转入官方人员手中前将会传到我这里三

(8)‘一位女士的友情“是她的流失作品之一,最初出版是通过19世纪70年代居于澳洲的作家的

正式渠道

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o n t ot h i s c a m p u s,an e w,e x c i t i n g e p i s o d eo f y o u ra d u l t l i f e s t a r t e dt ou n f o l d i nf r o n t o f y o u.

H a v e y o ue v e r t h o u g h t a b o u t h o w y o u a r e g o i n g t o g o t h r o u g h t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r y e a r s?D o y o u g i v e y o u r s e l f am e a n i n g f u l,u n f o r g e t t a b l e e x p e r i e n c e?T h e f i r s t s t e p t od o s o,i nm y o p i n i o n,i s t o s e t d e f i n i t e g o a l s f o r y o u r s t u d y a n d l i f e r i g h t a t t h eb e g i n n i n g o f y o u r c o l l e g e e d u c a t i o n.

W h y i s s e t t i n gg o a l s s o i m p o r t a n t?F i r s t o f a l l,g o a l s c a nh e l py o ud o,b e,a n de x p e r i e n c e e v e r y t h i n gy o uw a n t i nl i f e.I n s t e a do f j u s t l e t t i n g l i f eh a p p e nt o y o u,g o a l sa l l o w y o u r s e l f t o t a k ec o n t r o l a n dm a k e y o u r l i f e h a p p e n.T h a t i s,g o a l s a r e t h e g u i d e i n y o u r l o n g w a y t o s u c c e s s.

I f y o uh a v ea g o a l,i tw o u l db em u c h e a s i e r f o r y o u t ok n o ww h a t y o u s h o u l dd on e x t.S e c o n d l y, g o a l sw i l l h e l py o um a n a g e y o u r t i m em o r ee f f i c i e n t l y.T i m eo nc a m p u s i sm u c h m o r e f r e ea n d f l e x i b l e.A n d t i m e f l i e s.W i t h o u t g o a l s t ok e e py o uo n t h e r i g h t t r a c k,i t s e a s y f o r s t u d e n t s t o l o s e c o n t r o l o f t h e i r t i m e,w a n d e r i n g a i m l e s s l y f r o m o n ed a y t oa n o t h e ra n df i n a l l y e n d i n g u p f e e l i n g l i k ea f a i l u r e.W h a t sm o r e,g o a l s a r e t h e i m p e t u sw h i c h s t i m u l a t e s y o u t om a k e t h em o s t o f y o u r p o t e n t i a l a b i l i t y.M a n y s u c c e s s f u l p e o p l ea i m h i g h,s t r i v eh a r da n d m a k ea m i r a c l eo f t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e p r o c e s s o f p u r s u i n g t h e i r g o a l s.

S o l e t s s e t g o a l s a n d f o l l o wt h r o u g ho n t h e m.T h i n k c a r e f u l l y:W h a t a r e y o u r s t r e n g t h s a n d w e a k n e s s e s?W h a t d o y o u w a n ti n y o u rl i f e?W h a tc a r e e r d o y o u h o p e t o b u i l d?W h a t p r e p a r a t i o n s s h o u l d y o u rm a k e f o r y o u r f u t u r e p o s i t i o n i n s o c i e t y?F i n d t h e a n s w e r s a n d t h e n g e t t h e r eb y m a k i n gp l a n s a n d s e t t i n gg o a l s.S o m e t i m e s y o u rd r e a mo rm i s s i o na p p e a rb e t o o l a r g e a n d t o od i f f i c u l t t of u l f i l l.I nt h a tc a s e,y o un e e dt ob r e a ki td o w ni n t os m a l l e r,s h o r t-t e r m g o a l s,w h i c hw i l l t a k e y o u f o r w a r d s t e p b y s t e p t o y o u r f i n a l d e s t i n a t i o n.

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A r e y o u f e e l i n g a n y b e t t e r t h e s ed a y s?W e r ea l l c o n c e r n e da b o u t y o u rh e a l t h.P e r h a p s I d o n t k n o we x a c t l y w h a t i l l n e s s f e e l s l i k e,b u t I g u e s s t h a t t h ed a y s i nh o s p i t a lm u s t b eb o r i n g.

I t h a s b e e n t h r e ew e e k s s i n c e y o u l e f t a n da l l y o u r r o o m m a t e s h a v e s t a r t e d t om i s s y o ua n d y o u r j o k e s.Y o u a l w a y s h a d a f u n n y s t o r y t o t e l l a t b e d t i m e i n t h e d o r m.H o ww e e n j o y e d i t a l l! O v e r t h e p a s t t h r e ew e e k s,n o t h i n g m u c hh a s h a p p e n e d.E v e r y b o d y i s b u s y w i t h s t u d y s i n c e t h e m i d-t e r me x a m s a r ea r o u n dt h ec o r n e r.Y o un e e d n tw o r r y t o o m u c ha b o u tm i s s i n g t h ee x a m. T h e t e a c h e rk n o w sa l l a b o u t y o u rc a s ea n ds h et o l d m et h a ta m a k e u p t e s tc o u l db ea r r a n g e d w h e n y o ua r eb a c k.

V a l u a b l ea s t h es t u d y i s,m o r e i m p o r t a n t i s y o u ro w nb o d y.D o n tw o r r y t o o m u c ha b o u t l e s s o n s.Iw i l l k e e p a l l t h e n o t e s i n c l a s s f o r y o u,a n dw h e n y o u a r e b a c k a t s c h o o l I l l h e l p y o u t o c a t c hu p.B e s u r e t o f o l l o wt h ea d v i c e s o f t h ed o c t o r a n dm a k ea p o i n t o fd o i n g s o m ee x e r c i s e s e v e r y d a y.

W h a t Iw a n t t o s a y i s t h a tw e,t h e f r i e n d s a r o u n d y o u,a r ew a i t i n g f o r y o u r c o m i n g b a c k.

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P a r tⅠ一S a m p l eW r i t i n g

T h e p i c t u r ed e p i c t sas c e n a r i oi nac l a s s r o o m w h e nt h et e a c h e r i s t e a c h i n g t

h es t u d e n t sb a s i c m a t h e q u a t i o n s s u c ha sm u l t i p l i c a t i o na n da s t u d e n t q u e s t i o n s t h en e c e s s i t y o f l e a r n i n g t

h e s e f u n d a m e n t a l s k i l l s .I n m y o p i n i o n ,t h e b a s i cs k i l l s m u s tb e m a s t e r e d b y h

u m a n m i n d sn o m a t t e rh o w t h e m o d e r n t e c h n o l o g y d e v e l o p s .T h ee x p a n s i o no fk n o w l e d g ei s l i k et h ec o n s t r u c t i o no fas k y s c r a p e r .M a n y o

fu s h a v e t h ea m b i t i o n t ob u i l d i tw a y u p i n t o t h e s k y ,a sh i g ha s p o s s i b l e .B u tw i t h o u t t h e f o u n d a t i o n ,t h o s e u g l y r o u g hb r i c k s ,t h eb e a u t i f u l l y a m a z i n g h e i g h t o f t h e s k y s c r a p e r c a no n l y e x i s t i n p e o p l e s i m a g i n a t i o n .T h em u l t i p l i c a t i o n i nm a t h ,s i m p l e f o r m u l a s i n p h y s i c s a n d t h e s y m b o l s f o r c h e m i c a l e l e m e n t s a r e j

u s t l i k e t h o s e f o u n d a t i o nb r i c k s .O n l y a f t e rm a s t e r i n g t h e s eb a s i c s k i l l s ,c a no u r l o g i c a n dk n o w l e d g eb e e x t e n d e d i n t oh i g h e r p l a c e s .T h u s ,i t i s o f p r o f o u n d s i g n i f i c a n c e t o l e a r n t h eb a s i c s k i l l s .T h e a d v a n c e d t e c h n o l o g y i s j u s t a t o o l t o b eu t i l i z e da n dm a n i p u l a t e db y h u m a n m i n d s .B e f o r ew e t a k ea d v a n t a g

eo f t h e m ,w em u s th a v ea s o l i d ,c o n c r e t ek n o w l e d g eb a s e .P a r tⅡ

1.B 一

2.C 一

3.B 一

4.A 一

5.D 一

6.D 一

7.C 一

8.A 一

9.C 一10.D 一11.B 一12.D 一13.A

14.C 一15.D 一16.B 一17.B 一18.C 一19.A 一20.D 一21.C 一22.B 一23.D 一24.C 一25.D 26.s t e m s f r o m 一27.c o n s e q u e n c e s 一28.i l l u s t r a t e s 一29.s p r a y 一30.i m m e d i a t e r e s u l t s 31.f a i l e d t o p r e d i c t 一32.b e n e f i c i a l 一33.r e s i s t a n c e 一34.m u l t i p

l i e d 一35.a s e c o n dc u r e P a r tⅢS e c t i o nA 一36)F 一37)I 一38)H 一39)L 一40)E 一41)J 一42)D 一43)O 一44)G 一45)C

S e c t i o nB 一46.B 一47.E 一48.I 一49.G 一50.F 一51.H 一52.C 一53.D 一54.J 一55.C

S e c t i o nC 56.A.细节题三参见文章第二段第二行三 ...w h a t e v i d e n c e c a nb eu s e d t o p r o v e t h e mi nc o u r t 同时还要注意 p r o v e 与 j u s t i f y 之间的替换三57.C.上下文理解题三参见文章第三段第二行 H ew i l l s p e n dm o s t o f i sw o r k i n g l i f e t y p i n g m i l l i o n so f w o r d s o nt h o u s a n d so ff o r m s ... ,此处的 t y p i n g ...w o r d so n ...f o r m s 应理解为警探的 r o u t i n e w o r k ( 日常工作 )三因此[C ]为正确答案三58.D.细节题三参见文章第四段第三行 E x c e p ti n v e r y s e r i o u sc a s e sl i k e m u r d e r sa n dt e r r o r i s t a t t a c k s ,...l i t t l e e f f o r t i s s p e n t o n s e a r c h i n g ,正确把握 e x c e p

t 的含义,即可推出遇到这种案件时发生的情况三

59.B .细节题三参见文章第一段三 ...h a r d l y r e c o g n i z ea n y r

e s e m b l a n c eb e t w e e n ... 60.D.全文主旨题三上一题为本题作了很好的铺垫三纵观全文,

主要讲述的是警探的真实生活和他们出现在电视荧屏上的形象之间的差别,故选项D 最为合宜三61.A.上下文理解题三文章第一段第二句指出:‘牛津英语词典“的解释是:t i p 一词是1

7世纪黑社会的行话,意思是 给 三例如他们说: 要么把命给我 三而后面的话更加肯定了我们的理解: o r i g i n a l l y a

f o r mo f t h e f t ... 由此可见,说这话的应该是犯法者三62.C.细节题三参见文章第二段第二句话, ...i t i s n o t s u i t e d t o a c o u n t r y w i t h o u t a n e s t a b l i s h e d s e r v a n t c l a s s ... ,因内战之前,美国还没有形成服务阶层,小费制也就不适合于这个国家三而本句s e r v a n t

c l a s s 也激活了对v o i

d 一词的理解,

不难得出答案三

742 附录二

63.B.细节题三参见文章最后一段第二行, t i p p i n g h a sb e c o m eu n i v e r s a l,n o t l e a s tb e c a u s e,i na n

i n c r e a s i n g l y...t o t a x r e v i e w. (指出给小费比较流行,在很大程度上是因为在现代经济越来越不稳定的情况下,小费可以为不断壮大的服务阶层提供像工资一样可靠的收入三)因此[B]为正确答案三64.C.上下文理解题三参见文章最后一段第二句: N o ts u r p r i s i n g l y...a m o n g t h ef e w d i e-h a r d s... q u e s t i o n t h e t i p p i n g s y s t e m [C]s k e p t i c a l 表示怀疑的 最合适三

65.A.全文主旨题三从全文内容看,本文主要讲述了小费制度的形成过程三注意区分段落主题与全文主

旨的区别三

P a r tⅣ

A s t h e c r a d l eo fm a n y d i s t i n g u i s h e d c o m p o s e r s,E u r o p e i s t h eh o m e t o s y m p h o n i cm u s i c a n d t oo p e r a a sw e l l.C h i n ah a so p e r a,t o o.T h a t sP e k i n g O p e r a,w h i c ho r i g i n a t e df r o m

B e i j i n g s o m e200y e a r sa g o d u r i n g t h eQ i n g D y n a s t y.I t s a p e r f o r m i n g a r t c o m b i n i n g s i n g i n g,m u s i c,d a n c i n g a n d m a r t i a l a r t s.T h e c o s t u m ee x p o s i t i o n w i l l p r e s e n tt h e200-y e a r h i s t o r y o ft h i s O r i e n t a l O p e r a a n dt h e p e r f o r m a n c e c o s t u m e s d a t i n g t o t h e l a t eQ i n g D y n a s t y.T h ec o s t u m ed e s i g na d o p t e de x a g g e r a t i o na n ds y m b o l i cm e a n s a n db r i g h t c o l o r s.T h em a t e r i a l s a r eu n i q u e,s oa r e t h e t a i l o r i n g s k i l l s.

T e s t2

P a r tⅠ一S a m p l eW r i t i n g

D e v e l o p C o l l e g e S t u d e n t s C r e a t i v eT h i n k i n g A b i l i t y

A sw ea l lk n o w,t h ea b i l i t y t ot h i n kc r e a t i v e l yp l a y sac r u c i a lr o l ei n b o t hi n d i v i d u a la n ds o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t.H o w e v e r,w h e nw e c a s u a l l yp i c ku p an e w s p a p e r,o r t u r no n t h eT V,k i n d s o f c r i t i c i s mo f c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s l a c ko fi n n o v a t i o n a l i d e a sc o m ef l o o d i n g t oo u re y e sa n de a r s.I t i ss a i dt h a tc o l l e g e s t u d e n t s a r e g o o d i n l e a r n i n g t h ek n o w l e d g e f r o mt e x t b o o k s,b u t t h e y a r e r a t h e rw e a k i n g e n e r a t i n g t h e i r o w n i d e a s t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m s.W h a t c a u s e s t h i s p h e n o m e n o n?I t h i n k t h e a n s w e r l i e s i n t h ew a y t h a t o u r e d u c a t i o no p e r a t e s.

O n t h eo n eh a n d,t h e t e s t-o r i e n t e de d u c a t i o nm o d e l i s t h e p r i m a r y c a u s e.I nt h i sm o d e l,o u r c o l l e g e s t u d e n t s a r ea c c u s t o m e dt os o l v i n g t h e p r o b l e m so fw h i c ht h es t a n d a r da n s w e r i sk n o w n,b u tt h e y a r e h a r d l y t a u g h t t o t r y t h e i r o w nn e w i d e a s.T h e u l t i m a t e g o a l o f e d u c a t i o n i s t o g a i n g o o d t e s t r e s u l t s,n o t t o d e v e l o p o n e s c r e a t i v ew a y o f t h i n k i n g.

O n t h eo t h e rh a n d,s c h o o l s a n d s o c i e t y h a v en o t p r o v i d e de n o u g ho p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r c o m m o n s t u d e n t s t o t r y t h e i r o w nn e wi d e a s.W h e na s t u d e n t t h i n k s u p an e wi d e ao n ed a y,h ew i l l f i n d i t i s n o t s oe a s y t o t r y i t o u t.S o m ew o n d e r f u l i d e a s a r ew o e f u l l y l a i dw a s t e d.

T h ee d u c a t i o n a la u t h o r i t i e ss h o u l da t t a c h g r e a t e ri m p o r t a n c et o d e v e l o p i n g t h es t u d e n t s c r e a t i v e t h i n k i n g a b i l i t y.W em i g h t s t a r tb y r a i s i n g t h es t u d e n t s a w a r e n e s so f t h e i s s u e,a n dt h e nt a k ee f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s t oa d j u s tt h e g o a lo fc o l l e g ee d u c a t i o n,t o p r o v i d e m o r eo p p o r t u n i t i e s,a n ds e tu p ar e w a r d s y s t e mt oe n c o u r a g e c r e a t i v e t h i n k i n g o n t h e p a r t o f s t u d e n t s.

P a r tⅡ

1.D一

2.C一

3.D一

4.B一

5.C一

6.B一

7.A一

8.C一

9.C一10.B一11.C一12.A一13.D一14.D一15.B一16.B一17.A一18.D一19.B一20.D一21.C一22.B一23.B一24.A一25.C 26.c h a l l e n g e一27.d e p e n d e n c eo n一28.h i g h l y a u t o m a t e d一29.p r o p o r t i o n一30.d o m i n a t e

31.p r o v i s i o n一32.i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r一33.g e o g r a p h i c a l一34.d e t e r m i n a t i o n一35.v a s t d i m e n s i o n s

842

P a r tⅢ

S e c t i o nA 一36.I 一37.B 一38.J 一39.E 一40.M 一41.H 一42.O 一43.L 一44.F 一45.N S e c t i o nB 一46.D 一47.E 一48.B 一49.J 一50.A 一51.I 一52.D 一53.G 一54.C 一55.G

S e c t i o nC

56.B .全文主旨题三文中多次出现t r a n s m i t t i n g

,c u l t u r a l t r a n s m i s s i o n ,t h e t r a n s m i s s i o no f c u l t u r e 等核心词三

57.D.细节题三根据第二段第一句 T h e g r a n d t o t a l ...a s t h e c u l t u r eo f a g r o u p

(社会上每一代人传给下一代人的所有物体二知识二行为方式二习惯二价值和态度等的全部总和就构成了人类学家所经常提及的

群体文化三)可知,选项A 二B 二C 中分别提到的知识二

生产技术二生活方式价值观念等都属于文化概念的范畴三第二段第二句还提到,文化的传递是人类针对其他物种赖以适应环境的 本能(i n s t i n c t

) 的替代品,可见选项D 中的 生物本能(b i o l o g i c a l i n s t i n c t ) 不属于文化范畴三58.C.生词推测题三根据第一段最后一句 t h ec u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e f r o mt h e p r e c e d i n gg

e n e r a t i o n (来自上一代人的文化

)推断,可传递的且与文化相关的事物很可能是 传统习俗或文化遗产 ,故选C 三59.D.细节题三参见第一段第一二二句 M a n i s e n d l e s s l y i n v e n t i v e .B u th i s g r e a t e s t i n v e n t i o n ...w h i c h p

r e c e d e dh i m. (人类的发明创造力无时不在三然而人类最伟大的发明还是 毫无发明创造 ,即人们把从上一代学来的基本行为方式完整地二一成不变地传给下一代的机能三

)60.D.细节题三参见第二段最后一句 Y e ti t (c u l t u r a lt r a n s m i s s i o n )i s m o r ef l e x i b l e ...a n y o t h e r s p

e c i e s . (然而文化的传递比本能更灵活二更有生长力;也就是说,文化传递能储存新信息,其速度远远超过任何其他物种通过生物进化过程来丰富其本能储备量的速度三

)61.D.全文主旨题三第一二二二三段概述了浮游生物特征,随后两段以k r i l l

(磷虾)为例,进步阐述浮游生物的食物价值三62.B .细节题三参见第一段最后二句 I nt h e p o t e n t i a l f o o dv a l u e ....t h e s e a s p l a n k t o n g e n e r a t e sm o r e

t h a n t w i c ea sm u c h .

(然而,浮游生物的潜在食物价值远胜过陆地上的草三根据一位科学家的估计,全世界陆地草每年产出490亿吨宝贵的碳水化合物,

而海洋浮游生物的碳水化合物产出量则是其两倍三)63.C.细节题三参见第三段:

尽管还没有人认真提出 浮游生物包 会像汉堡包一样普及全球三但作为一种潜在的可培植的补充食物源,浮游生物正引起海洋科学家的极大兴趣三

64.B .细节题三参见第四段倒数第3句 b e c a u s eo f t h e i r p i n kc o l o r ...

三65.D.细节题三参见第一段第三句二最后一句三全文对p l a n k t o n 的化学成分是否含有污染物只字未提三

P a r tⅣ

Z h o n g Q i uJ i e ,a l s ok n o w na s t h e M i d -A u t u m nF e s t i v a l ,i sc e l e b r a t e do nt h e 15t hd a y o ft h e 8t h m o n t ho f t h e l u n a r c a l e n d a r .I t i s a t i m e f o r f a m i l y m e m b e r s a n d l o v e do n e s t o g a t h e r a n de n j o y t h e f u l l m o o n -a s y m b o l o f a b u n d a n c e ,h a r m o n y a n d l u c k .A d u l t sw i l l u s u a l l y i n d u l g e i nd e l i c i o u sm o o n -c a k e sw h i l e t h e l i t t l eo n e s r u na r o u n dw i t h t h e i r r a b b i t l a n t e r n s .Z h o n g Q i uJ i e p r o b a b l y b e g

a na s ah a r v e s t f e s t i v a l .T h e f e s t i v a lw a s l a t e r g i v e na m y t h o l o g i c a lf l a v o r w i t hl e g e n d so fC h a n g -E ,t h e

b e a u t i f u l l a d y i nt h e m o o n .I n t h e 14t h

c e n t u r y ,e a t i n g m o o n -c a k e s a tZ h o n g Q i u J i ew a s g i v e n a n e w m e a n i n g .T h e s t o r y g o e s t h a tw h e nZ h uY u a nZ h a n g w a s p l o t t i n g t oo v e r t h r o wt h eY u a nD y n a s t y ,t h e r e b e l s h i

d t h

e i rm e s s a g e s i n t h em o o n -c a k e s .Z h o n g Q i u J i e i s h e n c e a l s o a c o m m e m o r a t i o no

f t h e o v e r t h r o wo f t h eM o n

g o l i a n s b y

t h e H a n p e o p l e .

942 附录二

T e s t3

P a r tⅠ一S a m p l ew r i t i n g

A M o t i v a t i o nS p e e c h

H e l l o,e v e r y o n e!T h a n k sf o rc o m i n g h e r ef o r m y s p e e c h.M y t o p i c i sa b o u t g o a l s e t t i n g,a ni s s u e p a r t i c u l a r l y r e l a t e dt o y o u t h ef i r s t-y e a rc o l l e g es t u d e n t s.F r o m t h e m o m e n t y o us t e p p e d o n t ot h i s c a m p u s,an e w,e x c i t i n g e p i s o d eo f y o u ra d u l t l i f es t a r t e dt ou n f o l di nf r o n to f y o u.H a v e y o ue v e r t h o u g h t a b o u th o w y o u a r e g o i n g t o g ot h r o u g h t h ef o l l o w i n g f o u r y e a r s?D o y o u g i v e y o u r s e l fa m e a n i n g f u l,u n f o r g e t t a b l e e x p e r i e n c e?T h e f i r s t s t e p t od o s o,i n m y o p i n i o n,i s t os e td e f i n i t e g o a l s f o r y o u r s t u d y a n d l i f e r i g h t a t t h eb e g i n n i n g o f y o u r c o l l e g e e d u c a t i o n.

W h y i s s e t t i n gg o a l s s o i m p o r t a n t?F i r s t o f a l l,g o a l s c a nh e l py o ud o,b e,a n de x p e r i e n c e e v e r y t h i n g y o uw a n t i n l i f e.I n s t e a do f j u s t l e t t i n g l i f eh a p p e n t o y o u,g o a l s a l l o w y o u r s e l f t o t a k ec o n t r o l a n dm a k e y o u r l i f eh a p p e n.T h a t i s,g o a l s a r e t h e g u i d e i n y o u r l o n g w a y t o s u c c e s s.I f y o uh a v e a g o a l,i tw o u l db e m u c he a s i e r f o r y o u t ok n o w w h a t y o us h o u l dd on e x t.S e c o n d l y,g o a l sw i l lh e l py o u m a n a g e y o u r t i m e m o r e e f f i c i e n t l y.T i m eo nc a m p u s i sm u c hm o r e f r e ea n df l e x i b l e.A n d t i m e f l i e s.W i t h o u t g o a l s t ok e e p y o uo n t h e r i g h t t r a c k,i t s e a s y f o r s t u d e n t s t o l o s ec o n t r o l o f t h e i r t i m e,w a n d e r i n g a i m l e s s l y f r o m o n e d a y t oa n o t h e ra n df i n a l l y e n d i n g u p f e e l i n g l i k eaf a i l u r e.W h a t s m o r e,g o a l sa r et h ei m p e t u sw h i c h s t i m u l a t e s y o u t om a k et h e m o s to f y o u r p o t e n t i a l a b i l i t y.M a n y s u c c e s s f u l p e o p l ea i m h i g h,s t r i v eh a r d a n dm a k eam i r a c l eo f t h e m s e l v e s i n t h e p r o c e s s o f p u r s u i n g t h e i r g o a l s.

S ol e t ss e t g o a l sa n d f o l l o w t h r o u g h o nt h e m.T h i n k c a r e f u l l y:W h a ta r e y o u rs t r e n g t h sa n d w e a k n e s s e s?W h a t d o y o uw a n t i n y o u r l i f e?W h a t c a r e e r d o y o uh o p e t ob u i l d?W h a t p r e p a r a t i o n s s h o u l d y o um a k e f o r y o u r f u t u r e p o s i t i o ni ns o c i e t y?F i n dt h ea n s w e r sa n dt h e n g e t t h e r eb y m a k i n gp l a n sa n d s e t t i n gg o a l s.S o m e t i m e s y o u rd r e a m o rm i s s i o na p p e a rb et o ol a r g ea n dt o od i f f i c u l t t of u l f i l l.I nt h a t c a s e,y o un e e d t ob r e a k i t d o w n i n t o s m a l l e r,s h o r t-t e r m g o a l s,w h i c hw i l l t a k e y o u f o r w a r d s t e p b y s t e p t o y o u r f i n a l d e s t i n a t i o n.

P a r tⅡ

1.B一

2.D一

3.C一

4.A一

5.D一

6.B一

7.C一

8.A一

9.B一10.C一11.A一12.D一13.A 14.C一15.A一16.B一17.D一18.D一19.C一20.D一21.A一22.D一23.B一24.B一25.D 26.t r e a t m e n t s一27.p r o c e d u r e s一28.c l a r i t y一29.t h e r i s k s a n d r e a l i t i e s一30.r e s t r i c t i o n s一31.m e d i c a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s一32.i n f e c t e d一33.h a n d i c a p p e d一34.W i n du p w i t h一35.g a z e s i n t o

P a r tⅢ

S e c t i o nA一36.F一37.G一38.K一39.B一40.E一41.O一42.A一43.J一44.I一45.N

S e c t i o nB一46.H一47.C一48.A一49.D一50.C一51.B一52.G一53.H一54.I一55.F

S e c t i o nC

56.D.细节推断题三本文第三段提到,由于室内正常气压与龙卷风中心低气压的差异,平均每平方英寸有2磅的向外压力不能被向内的压力抵消三根据第四段第三句 B u t i f t h ew i n d o w s a r e s h u t t i g h t l y,t h e e n o r m o u s i n s i d e p r e s s u r em a y c a u s e t h eb u i l d i n g t ob u r s t. 可推知,紧闭的窗户使内外空气不流通,室

内压力积聚,最后巨大的室内压力导致房屋爆裂三

57.B.细节题三参见第四段第一二二句 I f t h ew i n d o w s a r eo p e n...o u t s i d e t h eb u i l d i n g. (若打开楼房窗

户,室内的一些空气可以流出三这将使楼房内外压力得以平衡三)

58.B.细节题三参见第四段第四二五句 U n f o r t u n a t e l y,h e a v y r a i n a n d h a i l o f t e n o c c u r i n

052

t h u n d e r s t o r m s ...m a y c a u s e f a rw o r s ed a m a g

e l a t e r . (不幸的是,雷暴雨往往先带来大雨与冰雹,随后便产生龙卷风三所以人们经常要关闭所有门窗以保护室内财产三

)59.A.生词猜测题三参见最后一段 B e f o r e t h i sw a t e r e v a p o r a t e s i t i s l i f t e da na v e r a g eo f 80f e e t t h r o u g

h t r u n k s a n db r a n c h e s .A n y o n e t h i n k s t h i s a t r i f l e w o u l dd ow e l l t ow o r ko u t h o w m a n y b

u c k s i tw o u l d m e a n ,t ow h i c hf l o o r .Q u i t ea c o n s i d e r a b l ea c h i e v e m e n t . (这20顿水分在蒸发之前先要沿树干与树

枝平均每日上升80英尺三如果有人认为这只是小事一桩,试想一下20吨的水上升80英尺意味着要

提多少桶水爬多少层楼三)60.C.细节题三选项A 二B 二D 分别可在最后一段的第一句二

第四句和倒数第四句找到依据三61.D.推断题三本文开始提到欧洲货币统一是 ah u g e e c o n o m i c e x p e r i m e n t (大型的经济试验)三无人知道 w h a t i s g o i n g t oh a p p e n (将发生什么);接下来列举了欧元支持者与反对者两方面的看法,参见第一段第三句 T h e f a n s o fE MUs a y ... ,第二段第一句 T h ec r i t i c s o f t h e s i n g l ec u r r e n c y s a y

... 三由此可推知作者对欧元的未来保持客观中立的态度三

62.A.细节题三参见第二段第二句 T h e y w a r n t h a t a c e n t r a l l y s e t i n t e r e s t r a t e ...t e n s i o n s i nE u r o p

e (他们告诫说,统一的货币利率未必适应于欧元使用区的各个地区,实际上还可能加剧欧洲的经济紧张三

)63.A.细节题三参见最后一段第一句 A l t h o u g he u r on o t e sa n dc o i n sw i l ln o ta p p e a ru n t i l 1J a n u a r y 2002... (尽管直到2002年,欧元才以纸币或硬币形式出现 )三故D 对(在2000年,

欧元还不会以纸币或硬币形势流通三

)三64.C.推断题三根据倒数第二段第一句 T h ee u r oa n di t s g u a r d i a n ...i nt h e w o r l de c o n o m y a n dt h e w o r l d s f i n a n c i a l s y

s t e m (欧元及其保护者欧洲中央银行将不得不在全球经济和金融体系中证明自己的价值),这意味着作者暗示欧元在1999年欧元正式成为欧洲统一货币后可能遇到困难三选项A 二D

的内容是作者明说的,非暗示,参见第63题三65.B .多处细节题三A 项在第一段第三句可找到依据;D 二C 项可在第三段找到依据;

而B 项望文生义,认为欧元将与美元及其他货币相冲突(a c ta g a i n s t ),此句意曲解了本文倒数第二段最后一句的意思 F r o mt h e no n ,t h ev a l u eo ft h ee u r oa g

a i n s tt h ed o l l a ra n da l lo t h e rc u r r e n c i e s ...w i l lf l u c t u a t e a c c o r d i n g t

om a r k e t c o n d i t i o n s . (从此,欧元相对于美元以及所有其他货币的价值 包括欧元区以外的四个成员国的货币 将根据市场因素而波动三)P a r tⅣ

I nC h i n a , N a k e dm a r r i a g e s ,a l s ok n o w na s p r o p e r t y -l e s s o n e s a r ek n o w n ,a r e e n d o r s e d /a c c e p t e db y i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r s o f y o u n gp e o p l e .B u t a s t h e yg e to l d e r ,t h e i ra t t i t u d e sm a y c h a n g e .M o r t g a g e so f t e n p r e c e d em a r r i a g e s .A c c o r d i n g t o p o p u l a rb e l i e f ,i fa m a na n dh i sf a m i l y c a n n o tb u yp r o p e r t y h e w i l l s t r u g g l e t o f i n dab r i d e .I nc h o o s i n g ah u s b a n d ,t h r e e -q u a r t e r s o fw o m e nc o n s i d e rh i s a b i l i t y t

o p r o v i d ea h o m e ,a c c o r d i n g t oar e c e n t s u r v e y o f y o u n gp e o p

l e i n C h i n a sc o a s t a l c i t i e s .E v e ni faw o m a nh e r s e l f d i s m i s s e s t h i s c r i t e r i o n ,h e r f a m i l y a n d f r i e n d s ,n o t t om e n t i o n t h e c o u n t r y s e s t a t e a g e n t s ,w i l l n o t l e t h e r f o r g

e t i t .T e s t 4

P a r tⅠ

M y V i e wo n I n t e r n e tA s aL e a r n i n g R

e s o u r c e W i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o

f i n f o r m a t i o n t e c h n o l o

g y ,I n t e r n e t i s p l a y i n g a n i n c r e a s i n g l y i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n o u rw o r ka n d l i f e ,g r o w i n g i n t oa c o m p r e

h e n s

i v e t o o l f o r l e a r n i n g ,c o m m u n i c a t i o na n de n t e r t a i n m e n t .A s a l e a r n i n g r e s o u r c e ,I n t e r n e t h a s q u i t ean u m b e r o f a d v a n t a g e s o v e r t r a d i t i o n a l l e a r n i n g m

a t e r i a l s

152 附录二

i n t h e c l a s s r o o m.F i r s t,t h e r e s o u r c e s o n t h e I n t e r n e t c a nb ee a s i l y a c c e s s e da n dr e n e w e d p r o m p t l y.A s a r e s u l t,i t c a n c a t e r t o t h e d e m a n d s o f t h e d i f f e r e n t p e o p l ew i t h i t s v a s t s t o r e o f i n f o r m a t i o n.S e c o n d,m o r e a n dm o r ec o l l e g es t u d e n t sa r eu s i n g I n t e r n e ta sa ne x t e n s i o nf o rc l a s s r o o ml e a r n i n g.W e p r a c t i c eo r a l E n g l i s h s k i l l s b y w a t c h i n g E n g l i s h m o v i e s,a n di m p r o v eo u rr e a d i n g s k i l lb y b r o w s i n g E n g l i s h w e b s i t e s.

B e s t o fa l l,l e a r n i n g-r e s o u r c e so nt h eI n t e r n e ta r e m o s t l y f r e e.P e o p l ec a nd o w n l o a d w h a tt h e y n e e d i n s t e a do f p a y i n g f o r b o o k s.

H o w e v e r,i f n o tw i s e l y u s e d,I n t e r n e tm a y n e g a t i v e l y a f f e c t o u r l e a r n i n g e f f i c i e n c y.I n t e r n e t i s f u l l o f t e m p t a t i o n s,f o r i n s t a n c e,o n l i n e g a m e s a n ds o c i a l c h a t t i n g.I fw ed o n tw a t c hi t,w e j u s t g e td i s t r a c t e d a n d l o s eo u r s e l f-c o n t r o l,w a s t i n g v a l u e t i m ew i t h o u t a c c o m p l i s h i n g o r i g i n a l t a s k.

I nm y o p i n i o n,I n t e r n e t h a s b e c o m e p a r t o f l i f e.W e s h o u l d t a k e g o o d a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e I n t e r n e t a n d m a k e s e n s eo f t h ed y n a m i c,c o n f u s i n g w o r l d.

P a r tⅡ

1.A一

2.C一

3.D一

4.B一

5.B一

6.A一

7.C一

8.C一

9.C一10.A一11.A一12.D一13.B 14.B一15.D一16.C一17.B一18.D一19.A一20.C一21.B一22.D一23.A一24.B一25.A 26.r e l a t i v i t y一27.s t r e t c h i n g o r s h r i n k i n g一28.a r o c k e t t r i p t o一29.I ne f f e c t一30.s u r f a c e 31.i n t e n s e一32.d e m o n s t r a t e d一33.c o n t r o v e r s i a l一34.a ne x i t a sw e l l a s a ne n t r a n c e一35.c o l l a p s e

P a r tⅢ

S e c t i o nA一36.B一37.K一38.I一39.E一40.G一41.M一42.D一43.A一44.N一45.H

S e c t i o nB一46.F一47.G一48.C一49.J一50.H一51.I一52.B一53.D一54.E一55.E一

S e c t i o nC

56.D.全文主旨题三本文主要讨论食盐的过度摄取及其健康隐患(高血压)三

57.D.推断题三根据第一段第四二五句提到 I tm a k e s t h eb o d y r e t a i n s f l u i d s...h e a r t d i s e a s e a n d s t r o k e :

钠使人体保留体液,体液保留量的增长可提高总血容量,从而导致血压升高三在食盐摄入不受限制的地区,很多人患上慢性高血压,而慢性高血压又是导致心脏病与中风的主要因素三由此可见,食盐是导致心脏病的间接因素三

58.C.数字推论计算题三参见第二段第一句 T h eb o d y o fa na d u l tn e e d so n l y a b o u t200m i l l i g r a m so f s o d i u mad a y t h ea m o u n t i n500m i l l i g r a m s,o r1/10o f t e a s p o o n,o f s a l t (一个成人每天仅需要200毫克钠 相当于500毫克盐,即十分之一茶勺盐中的钠含量三)由此可知,1茶勺食盐的钠含量是2000毫克(200?10);根据第1段倒数第2句:日本北方农民每天食用6茶勺盐(s i x t e a s p o o n s ad a y),其中钠含量可推断为12000毫克(2000?6),故选C三

59.B.生词猜测题三根据第二段第三句 a s h a r p r e d u c t i o n i s r e c o m m e n d e d 可知,权威人士建议大量减少

食盐用量;最后一段第一句认为,采纳此建议意味着食品中缺少盐这种调味剂,食品必然淡而无味很难吃三

60.C.细节题三参见最后一段第二句 S o s o m e p h y s i c i a n s p r e s c r i b ea s a r e p l a c e m e n t s e a s o n i n gp o t a s s i u m

c h l o r i

d e,w h i c h t a s t

e s s a l t y b u t c o n t a i n sn o s o d i u m. (因此一些医生建议病人用氯化钾充当替代调味剂,氯化钾有咸味但不含钠三)本题询问医生建议病人食用氯化钾的主要原因,选项B(不含钠)并非主要原因三

61.A.参见第一段 P r o t e s t sa t t h eu s eo fa n i m a l s...t h e p r e-p l a n t e dc a r-b o m b. 和第二段第一句 T h e r e s e a r c hc o m m u n i t y w i l l r i g h t l y b ea l a r m e da t t h e s ed e v e l o p m e n t s (对于用动物做试验的抗议活动在英国出现新的令人生畏的发展迹象 有人试图通过安置汽车炸弹的恐怖手段谋害领命英国科学家三对这些发展情况,科研群体完全有理由感到惊恐三)

252

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