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语言学试题

1.1.Which of the following statements about language is not true?

A .Language is a system

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage is symbolie

C . Animals also have languages .DLanguage

is arbitrary

2.Which of the following choices is NOT a constituent?

A.I like the song

B.I

C.Song

D.Like

3.Of the following sound conbinations ,only is permissible.

A.kibl

B.bkil

C.ilkb

D.ilbk

4.The relation between the deter minmer”this” and the noun “man”in the phrase “this man”is

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,erment

B.concord

C.binding

D.paradigmatic

5.The sentence that has a NP and a VP is nostly shown in a formula “S

NP+VP”

A.A.Hierarchical

B.linear

C.tree diagram

D.vertical

6.”Big” and “small”are a pair of opposites.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,plementary

B. gradable

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,plete

D.converse

7.Which of the following phrases is exocentric?

A.women and men

B.on the table

C.a clever boy

D.an ugly man

8.Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by .

A.Chomsky

B.Hallidy

C.Firth

D.Saussure

9.Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair?

A.cat/bat

B.put/but

C.jig/pig

D.sit/bit

10.Which function is the major role of Language?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,rmative

B. Interpersonal

C.Performative

D.Emotive

11.If two sounds are in complementary distribution, they are of the same phoneme.

A.symbols

B. allophones

C. phones

D.signs

12. Which branch of study cannot be included in the scope of Linguistics?

A. Syntax

B. Pragmatics

C. Phonetics

D. Anthropology

13. Atom is a word of origin.

A. Latin

B. Greek

C. Arabic

D. Spanish

14. The distinction of langue and parole is made by .

A. Hall

B. Sapir

C. Chomsky

D. Saussure

15. are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

16. is the study of the relationship between symbols and their interpreter.

A. Syntax

B. Semantics

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

17. is the defining properties of units like nouns (number, gender, case, etc) and verbs (tense, aspect, voice, etc).

A. Parts of speech

B. Word classes

C. Categories

D. Functions of words

18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are .

A. homophones

B. homographs

C. complete homonyms

D. allophones

19. The function of language is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.

A. performative

B. phatic

C. recreational

D. emotive

20. The term may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language changes over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic linguistics

B. comparative linguistics

C. diachronic linguistics

D. historical comparative linguistics

21. examines how meaning is encoded in a language.

A. Semantics

B. Syntax

C. Pragmatics

D. Morphology

22. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as .

A. parole

B. language

C. system

D. langue

23. This fundamental distinction between competence is discussed by .

A. Chomsky

B. Saussure

C. Bloomfield

D. Austin

24. An affix can be added to certain type of to form a new word.

A. infix

B. affix

C. stem

D. word

25. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed?

A. Nouns.

B. Verbs.

C. Prepositions.

D. Adj.

26. The maxim of requires that a partic ipant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.

A. quantity

B. quality

C. manner

D. relation

27. The relationship between “meat” and “meet” is.

A. synonymy

B. antonymy

C. polysemy

D. homonymy

28. That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the view of

concerning the study of meaning.

A. naming

B. conceptualist

C. contextualist

D. behaviorist

29. What are the dual structures of language?

A. Sounds and letters.

B. Sounds and meaning.

C. Letters and meaning.

D. Sounds and symbols.

30.30.Where are the vocal cords ?

A.Sounds and letters.

B.Sounds and meaning .

C. Letters and meaning .

D.Sounds and symbols.

31.31.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true ?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage is a means of means of verbal communication.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage is some arbitrary symbols .

C.The language system is unique to human begins.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage is yet to be understand.

32.32. studies the sound systems in a certain language.

A.Phonetics

B.Phonology

C.Semantics

D.Syntax

33.33. is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and

content.

A. Root

B. Allomorph

C. Morpheme

D. Word

34.34.A speaker's actual utterance in Chomsky 's is called .

A. deep structure

B. linguistic universals

C. universal grammar C. surface structure

35.35.A word with several meanings is called word .

A. a polysemous

B. a synonymous

C. an abnormal

D. a multiple

36.36.The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is

A. general linguistics

B.Phonology

C. semantics

D.morphology

37.37.Leech divided meanings into types .

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

38.38.English has managed to widen her vocabulary by borrowing words from other languages

except .

A.French

B. Korean

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,tin

D. Greek

39.39.Distinctive features are used to describe .

A. phones

B. phonology

C. Allophones

D. phonemes

40.40.The English word "untouchable" is composed of

morphemes .

A.four

B. three

C. two

D.five

41.41.The process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words

together is called .

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,pounding

B.clipping

C.acronym

D.blending

42. “The Adam's Apple”is.

A. a kind of apple

B. related to Adam

C. the front part of larynx

D.on the top of larynx

43. The founder of modern linguistics is .

A. Chomsky

B. Halliday

C. Bloomfield

D.Saussure

44.44.Modern linguistics focuses on the present day language , and it will be possible

to describe languages from a perspective .

A. sociological

B.synchronic

C. diachronic

D. Psychological

45. The four major modes of semantic change are .

A. extension , narrowing , meaning shift and class shift

B. extension , generalization , elevation and degradation

C. extension , narrowing , specialization and degradation

D. extension , elevation , amelioration and degradation

46. In the production of consonants at least articulators{发音器官}are involved.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D.psychological

47. The basic unit in the study of morphology is .

A. the internal structure

B. morpheme

C. the rules by which words are formed

D. word

48. The relation between "food" and "bread" is called .

A. Synonymy

B. polysemy

C. homonymy

D. Hyponymy

49. V oiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are .

A. closed

B.apart

C. totally closed

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,pletely open

50.50.Which of the following is NOT a compound word ?

A.Pencil box

B.Unreasonable

C. Deadline

D.Upstairs

51. involve more than one manners of articulation .

A.Stops

B.Fricatives

C. Affricates

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,terals

52.52.Which is NOT true for the vowel [i] ?

A. High

B. Unrounded

C. Mid

D. Front

53. The sentence "I apologize !" belongs to the category of

according to the

speech act theory.

A.expresstive

B. performative

C. representative

D. Constative

54.General linguistics is the scientific study of .

A. language of a certain individual

B.the English Language

C.human Language in general

D.the system of a particular language

55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in

A.the place of articulation

B.the obstruction of

airstreams

C.the position of the tongue

D. The shape of the lips

56. studies how speech sounds are made , transmitted and received .

A. Phonetics

B.Phonology

C.Phoneme

D.Phonics

57. sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft palate.

A.Velar

B.Palatal

C.Gottal

D.Alveolar

58. is concerned with the study of the actual use of language in communication.

A .Sociolinguistics B.Semantics C.Pragmatics

D.Synchronic linguistics

59.59.Where is the primary stress of the word "phonology" ?

A.pho

B. no

C.lo

D.gy

60. refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.

A.Locutinary act

B.Illocutinary act

C.Perlocutionary act

D.Speech act

61.61.Which of the following words is built by abbreviation ?

62.62.Which of the following words is built by abbreviation ?

A.Smog

B.Fridge

C.Motel

D.Edit

63.63.What is the full from of LAD?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage associative district

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage acquisition district

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage associative device

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0513488641.html,nguage acquisition device

63.The semantic components of the word "man" can be expressed as

A.+animate , +human , +male , adult

B.+animate , +human , +male ,+ adult

C.+animate , +human , -male ,- adult

D.+animate , +human , -male ,+ adult

64.A{n} is the smallest unit of sound in a language , which can distinguish two words .

A.morpheme

B. sound

C.phoneme

D. allophone

65.Productivity is one of the features of languages .

A.distinctive

B.design

C.Suprasegmental

D.pragmatic

66.66.What is the common feature of the three sounds :[b],[p],[m] ?

A.,V oiceless

B.V oiced

C.Nasal

D.Bilabial

67.67.Which of the following items is NOT one of grammatical categories of English pronouns ?

A.Gender

B.Number

C.Case

D.V oice

68.68.In the word "internationalism",which part is the root ?

A.inter

B.nation

C. al

D.ism

69."voiced fricatives voiceless/

voiceless '' is a .

A.phonological rule

B.syntactic rule

C.phrase structure rule

D.functional rule

70.70.The word "pen" originally meant "feather used for writing with ink". Now it refers to any

devise used for writing with ink.This is an example of .

A.degradation of meaning

B.broadening of meaning

C.narrowing of meaning

D.elevation of meaning

71.The word “smog” is formed through ______.

A. backformation

B. blending

C. clipping

D. derivation

72. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s development of their _____language.

A. first

B. second

C. dialectal

D. individualized

73. Which of the following statements are NOT true for vowels?

A. V owels are sonorants .

B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.

C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels.

D. V owels are also called obstruent

74. All syllables must have a ____.

A. coda

B. onset

C. nucleus

D. consonant

75. Ikaps is not a possible word form in English due to ____.

A. sonority scale

B. phonological rule

C. syntactic rule

D. morphological rule

76. Which of the following is the major cause of invention of new lexical items?

A. The rapid development of science and technology

B. The way of language teaching.

C. The way of children’s language acquisition.

D. Economic activities

79. In Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which theory focuses discussion on government and binding?

A. The classical Theory

B. The Standard Theory

C. The Extended Standard Theory

D. The Revised Extended Standard Theory

80. When the suffix _____is added to a verb, it changes this verb into an adjective.

A. less

B. ness

C. fully

D. er

81 .The function o f sentence “lovely weather isn’t it?” is______.

A. informative

B. phatic

C. performative

D. recreational

82.Once the notion of _____was taken into consideration , semantics spilled into pragmatics.

A. meaning

B. context

C. form

D. content

83.Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels?

A The part of the tongue that is held highest

B The opnness of the mouth

C The vibration of the vocal cords

D The shape of the lips

84. there are _____maxims under the cooperative principle.

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5

85. Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of ____elements.

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5

86. “Buy” and “sell’ form a pair of ______.

A converse antonyms

B gradable antonyms

C. complementary antonyms

D. marked antonyms

87.If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to be_____.

A minimal pair

B minimal set

C distinctive phonemes

D distinctive features

88. _____is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.

A .collocation

B .idiom

C .semantic component D. synonym

89.The well-known formula: S→r….s→R was put forward by ____.

A. Bloomfield

B. Firth

C. Hackett

D. Harris

90.______is a pair of complementary antonyms.

A .wild and tame B. nimble and lame

C .Cold and warm D. Alive and dead

91. Firth’s se cond important contribution to linguistics is his method of his method of prosodic analysis , called_____.

A. prosodic phonology

B. feature geometry

C optimality phonology D. supersegmental phonology

92. Which of the following is not a Supersegmental feature?

A. Syllable

B. Stress

C.Tone

D.V oicelessness

93. The s in drums is______

A . a morpheme B. a stem

C derivational word D. free morpheme

94. The word bodyguard is a _______.

A .compound word B. complex word

C .derivational word

D .free morpheme

95. In English, the gender distinction are______.

A. not related to real world entities

B. on the whole natural

C divided into Feminine, Masculine and neuter

D divided into Feminine and Masculine

96. Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Grammar takes ____as the object of study.

A actual uses of language B. ideal speaker’s linguistic competence C. children’s language D. adult’s language

97.Which of the following English sounds is NOT bilabial?

A.［b］

B. ［m］m

C.［p］

D.［f］

98._____can be used independently without being combined with other morphemes.

A. Free morphemes

B. Bound morphemes

C. Affixes

D. Roots

99. Which of the following words is a derivational one?

A . Blackboard B. Sings C.Astonishment. D. Boys

100. John Austin proposed ____in the late 1950s.

A .Speech Ace Theory B. 7 types of meaning

C. Cooperative Principle

D. Predication Analysis

101 .WTO is ______

A. an abbreviation

B. an acronym

C. a word which is formed by blending

D. a word which is formed by backformation

102. For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of psychology and specifically of the brand of psychology known as______.

A .behaviorism B. structuralism C. competence D performance 103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?

A .［w］ B. ［m］ C. ［b］ D.［p］104._____is NOT a grammatical category of English verbs.

A Tense B. Aspect C. Number D.Gender

105. All words contain a ______.

A. root

B. bound morpheme

C. prefix D .suffix

106.of the following word formation processes,_____ is the most productive.

A .clipping

B .blending C. initialism D. derivation

107.______ practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics and its most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in term of function.

A. the London School

B. American structuralism

C. the Prague School

D. The TG Grammar

108._______is not included in leech’s associative meaning .

A. Connotative meaning

B. Social meaning

C . Collocative meaning D. Thematic meaning

109._______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and nonlinguistic world of experience.

A. Sense

B. Reference

C. Symbol

D. Thought

110. Luggage and baggage are _____synonyms.

A. dialectal

B. stylistic

C. semantically different

D. collocational

111. The maxim of quality requires: do not say what you believe to

be _______.

A. false

B. true

C. indirect

D. insufficient 112. Knight originally meant youth,but now it means a medieval gentleman soldier. This is a meaning ______.

A . broadening B. narrowing C. meaning shift D. class shift 113. Expressions like “Tom” or “He” can both be filled in the black of the sentence “_____is smiling .” So Tom and He have _____relation.

A. syntagmaitc

B. paradigmatic

C. systematic

D. governing 114. Foolish which comes from “foll+ ish” is a ____word.

A. derivational

B. syntax

C. morphology

D. phonology 115. The Prague School is best known for its contribution to____. A. phonetics B. syntax C. morphology D. phonology 116. Which of the following is NOT the function of language?

A. Metalingual function.

B. Interpersonal function.

C. Emotive function.

D.Cultural transmission.

117. ”We can do things with words” is the main idea of _____.

A. the speech act theory

B. the cooperative principles

C. the polite principles

D. pragmatics

118. Motel is a(n)_____.

A. abbreviation

B. coinage

C. blending

D. acronym 119. _____ is NOT a pair of homophones.

A. “Fair” (adj) and “fair” (n)

B. “Flea” and “flee”

C. “Lead”(v)and“lead” (n)

D. “Compliment” and “complement”120. The classic semantic triangle or triangle of significance mainly illustrates the view of _____.

A. conceptualism

B. contextualism

C. behaviorism

D. structuralism

121. We can refer to Confucius, even though he has been dead for over 2, 500 years. This feature of language is called_____.

A. duality

B. creativity

C. arbitrariness

D. displacement 122. Which function of language is also called ideational function (达意功能) in the framework of functional grammar?

A. Informative function.

B. Interpersonal function

C. Emotive function

D. Recreational function

123. _____ investigates the interrelation of language and mind.

A. Psycholinguistics

B. Sociolinguistics

C. Anthropological linguistics

D. Computational linguistics 124. Morphology is concerned with_______.

A. the meaning of words

B. the pronunciation of words

C. the internal organization of words

D. the combination of words into sentences

125. The sentence “ You schould never use cliché in writing” is______.

A. descriptive

B. prescriptive

C. systematic

D. narrative 126. If a study focuses on Shakespearean language , it is _____ study.

A. diachronic

B. synchronic

C. systematic

D. pragmatic 127. _____ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.

A. Auditory phonetics

B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Acoustic phonetics

D. Phonology

128./l/ is the only ____ in English.

A. fricative

B. affricatives

C. nasal

D. lateral

129.[f, v ] are both labiodentals and _______.

A. nasals

B. fricatives

C. affricatives

D. alveolar

130. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the Danish grammarian.

A. Otto Jespersen

B. Daniel Jones

C. A.J.Eills

D.A.M.Bell 131. The Sound Patterns of English (SPE 1968) mainly deals with ____.

A. multi-level phonology

B. non-linear phonology

C. super segment phonology

D. linear approach of phonology

132. In Chinese Putonghua , only ____ can occur after the vowel.

A. nasals

B. stops

C. lateral

D. vowel

133. A compound is composed of _____.

A. a root and an affix

B. a stem and an affix

C. a root and a free morpheme

D. two free morphemes

134. The word hamburger is of _____ origin.

A. American

B. Italian

C. German

D. French

135. The phrase “the three small Chinese “ is ____construction.

A. endocentric

B. exocentric C hierarchical D. linear

136. The conceptualist view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from ______.

A. function

B. context

C. instinct

D. observation

137. If one word has more than one meaning , then we call it ____.

A. polysemy

B. synonymy

C. homonymy

D. hyponymy 138. The words “male “or “female “ are ____antonyms.

A. gradable

B. complementary

C. converse

D. complete

139. The words “amaze “ and “astound” are very close in meaning , they are _____synonyms.

A. dialectal

B. stylistic

C. semantically different

D. collocational

140. Which pair is the emotive synonym?

A. dad and father

B. flat and apartment

C. mean and frugal

D. charge and accuse

141. The words “rain “ and “reign “ are______.

A. homographs

B. complete homonyms

C. homophones

D. allophones

142. B.L.Whorf was the student of _____.

A .Bloomfield B. Firth C. Halliday D. Sapir

143. Which of the following functions are NOT the functions put forward by Halliday?

A. the Ideational Function

B. The Interpersonal Function

C. Generative Function

D. The Textual Function

144. Which of the following is NOT Saussure’s field of study?

A. Linguistics

B. Sociology

C. Psychology

D. Anthropology

145. Grice introduced four categories of maxims, which one means we should be clear in our meaning?

A. Quantity Maxim

B. Manner Maxim

C. Quality Maxim

D. Relation Maxim

146. The Q-principle is ______.

A. hearer-based

B. speaker-based

C. both the hearer and the speaker based

D. context-based

147. Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of _____.

A . word function B. word meaning C. word formation D. word system

148. The notion of Functional Sentence Perspective is used to describe____.

A. how information is distributed in sentences

B how sentences ate formed

C the function of sentences

D the relation between language and its users

149. The first major theory in the study of language in use is called _____.

A. illocutionary theory

B.Speech Act theory

C. conversational implicature

D. the Q and R-principle

150._____ is the major concern of semantics.

A. Meaning

B. Words

C. Sentence structures D .Phrase structure rules

答案：

1.C

2.A

3.A

4.B

5.C

6.B

7.B

8.D

9.B10.A11.B12.D13.B14.D15.C16.C17 .C18.B19.D20.C21.A22.D23A.24.C25.C26.D27.D28.B29.B30.D31. B32.B33.C34.D35.A36.B37.D38.B39.D40.B41.C42.C43.D44.B45. A46.B47.B48.D49.B50.B51.C52.C53.B54.C55.B56.A57.A58.C59. B60.A61.B62.D63.B64.C65.B66.D67.D68.B69.A70.B71.B72.A73. D74C75.A76.D77.C78.D.79.D80.A81.B82.B83.C84.C85.B86.A87. C88.B89.A90.D91.A92.D93.D94.A95.B96.A97.D98.A99.C100.A10 1.B102.A103.D104.D105.A106.D107.C108.D109.A110.A111.A112. B113.B114.A115.D116.D117.A118.C119.C120.A121.D122.A123.A 124.C125.B126.B127.C128.D129.B130.A131.D132.A133.D134.C1

35.A136.B137.A138.B139.C140.C141.C142.D143.C144.D145.B14 6.A147.B148.A149.B150A

英语语言学试题及答案

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