外研社选修8课文英文版

必修8

Module 1Deep South

Antarctica: the Last Continent

Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. It?s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans-Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world?s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.

Yet Antarctica is full wildlife, which has adapt ed to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well

as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.

Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world?s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra-terrestrial life.

Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour, they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.

Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balance d the land in the north. They called it Anti-Arktikos, or Antarcica: the opposite of Arcitc. When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15th century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South ole was slow. Not until the late 18th century did the

British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.

Today scientists from many countries travel to Antarctica to study its resources. A spirit of international friendship has replaced the rivalry that existed between many of the earlier explorers. In 1961, a treaty signed by 12 countries, including Britain, France, and the USA made Antarctica the world?s biggest nature reserve. The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent. In particular, it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land. Today countries representing 80% of the world?s population have signed the treaty. Antarctica has become perhaps the most successful symbol of man?s efforts to work together for progress and peace.

How Failure Became Success

On 8th August, 1914, 27 men who had replied to an advertisement in The Times boarded a ship leaving for the Antarctic. The name of

the ship was the Endurance and the captain was an Irishman called Ernest Shackleton.

The aim of the journey was to cross the frozen continent via the South Pole –journey of 1,800 miles. Shackleton thought the journey would last six months.

But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up. Shackleton and his men watched the Endurance sink into the icy sea. They then head ed north, pulling three lifeboats behind them.

After six days, bad weather force d them to give up and the men set up camp on a sheet of ice which began slowly moving across the Antarctic Circle.

They survived on the ice for five months. Then, on 16th April, 1915, Shackleton saw land. It was Elephant Island – large rock with nothing growing on it, but much better than a floating piece of ice. When they reached the island, Shackleton came up with an idea –it was a risk but he would have to take it. He and five men would take one of the lifeboats, and sail 800 miles to South Georgia, where there was a permanent camp. They could then return to rescue the rest of the men.

It took Shackleton 17 days to rach South Georgia. Unfortunately he landed on the wrong side of the island, and had to

walk 36 hours over mountains to reach the camp. The whale hunters all the camp couldn?t believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.

Shackleton kept his promise. More than three months later, he returned to Elephant Island to rescue the crew he had been forced to abandon. He had failed to reach the pole –but he had saved the lives of all his men.

Welcome to the South Poles!

South Poles? How many are there?

In fact, there are three South Poles: a ceremonial Pole, which is on the moving glacier, a geographical or true Pole, and a magnetic Pole which changes its position according to the movement of the Earth.

Is it safe?

Because the South Pole is a high altitude site, the glare of the sunlight here is very intense. It?s also reflected by the snow, so if you go outside, remember to wear sunglasses and use suncream. If you don?t there?s severe risk that you?ll damage your eyesight or get badly sunburnt.

Is it cold?

Yes! Be very careful out in the open air! The temperature is

between minus 21°C in the summer and minus 78°C in the winter, and you can become numb with cold without realizing. There?s heavy frost even on the warmest summer days, and if it?s quiet you can hear your breath freeze. So if you leave the station, dress warmly and carry dry clothing and a portable radio.

Is there anything good about the weather?

The air is very pure, and it doesn?t snow very much – only about four millimeters a year. There?s very little wind and the sky is usually clear. It?s possibly the calmest place on Earth.

What?s it like to live here?

Life is quite abnormal. Sunrise and sunset come once every six months, and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome, and for some, depressing. We?re totally isolated except for radio and electronic communications, as no aircraft can fly here for about eight months.

Where do we live?

The South Pole scientific station is situated on a platform of ice, 3,000-4,000 metres high, but under only a few millimetres of snow. We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the summer. The living quarters are modest, with few luxuries, but cosy. There?s a comfortable dormitory for sleeping, the canteen serve great food, and there?s a well-stocked

library of DVDs and videos. But showers and laundry are limited, because water is very valuable. We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.

Any other advice?

Remember that conventional equipment doesn?t always work as it should do. If you use an electric drill, the power cord will snap. Photography is tricky too, as film is fragile and the camera battery doesn?t work in the cold.

Don?t leave any rubbish, and don?t forget that the ecology of Antarctica is very delicate, so don?t take any souvenirs home with you, and be careful to leave nothing but footprints.

Finally, remember that we?re all visitors to the South Pole. It?s a privilege, not a right to come to this extraordinary place.

The Travels of Marco Polo

The year is 1271 AD. Imagine a 17-year-old boy from Venice Italy, well-educated and trained for life as a rich trader. He sets off with his father and uncle on a 25-year journey to mysterious, distant lands that most people in Europe have never heard of. While on their journey buying and selling spices, silks and jewels,they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth, Kubla Khan.

The boy?s name was Marco Polo and many years later a book about his travels was published which made him famous. Marco Polo told his fantastic stories to a writer named Rustichello who wrote them down for him. This man was well-known for his stories and romantic tales of the legendary English King Arthur, but so many people doubted the reliability of his book the Travels of Marco Polo. However, Chinese historians have found obscure names and facts in the book that could only have been known to someone intimate with the country.

Many of Marco?s stories were about China and its people. He told stories about the towns, cities and populations in great detail. He described the amazing things he saw in China such as paper money and black stone that burned (coal). With very little contact between China and the West, it is not surprising that people in a rich powerful place like Venice could not believe his stories, nor in the idea of huge, rich city states inhabited by millions of people. There could surely be no comparison with Venice?

A general myth has grown up around Marco Polo that he introduced such things as spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West. There is no truth to any of these claims and actually they are not mentioned in Marco Polo?s book.

However, Marco Polo?s book is still a unique insight for its age.

Most importantly it was a great influence for many future travelers. Christopher Columbus left behind a well-worn copy that he read as inspiration on his own voyages to America.

Module 2 The Renaissance

The Renaissance

For many people, the Renaissance means 14th to 16th century Italy, and the developments in art and architecture, music and literature which took place there all that time. But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance: the Mona Lisa. It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503-1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece. People want to know who Mona Lisa is, and why she is smiling. Even if people do not know much about the Renaissance, they have heard of this painting.

But the Renaissance is, of course, more than just Mona Lisa. Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth”and it first appeared in English in the 19th century. The word was used to describe a period in European history which began with the arrival

of the first Europeans in America, and age of exploration, and the beginning of the modern world. It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. From Italy, the ideas of the Renaissance rapidly spread northwards to France, Germany, England, and the rest of Europe.

Trade with other parts of the world meant that Europe was getting richer, too. This meant that people had money to spend on the arts; and it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works or employ them. Leonardo worked for important people such as the Duke of Milan, and, towards the end of his life, the King of France.

Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. But they looked forward, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts. Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light; composers put different voices together and created polyphony “many voices”; architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.

The sense of exploration which motiveated the artists went had in hand with a new type of philosophy. After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God,

philosophers began asking questions like “What is a person?”or “Why am I here?”For the first time, they put people, not religion, at the centre of the universe.

The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too. Leonardo, as well as being one of the greatest painters the world has ever known, was also a skilled inventor. Wherever he went, he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges, and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes, submarines and tanks. Towards the end of his life he was employed by the King of France to do scientific research, and he did not have a lot of time for painting.

In short, Leonardo was an extraordinary genius, an example of what has been described as “Renaissance man”: someone interested in everything and with many different talents. But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa, it would have been genius enough for all time.

Thursday

We arrived on the overnight ferry to the Hook of Holland and took a train to Amsterdam Central Station. It was only a short ride. It?s not

easy to find your way around the town. A lot of the roads follow the canals which aren?t straight but are shaped like horseshoes. So you can walk along a street for half an hour of so and end up five minutes from where you started. However, most people don?t walk –there are three million bikes in town and a good bus and tram system. There are boats, too. About half of them are for tourists, the others are houseboats with people living on them. We spent the whole day walking. Tomorrow we?re going to rent bikes.

Friday

We spent today looking at houses. The architecture is astonishing, quite different from other European countries we?ve been to. The houses are tall and thin, and many of them have a fantastically ornate Renaissance appearance. In the Middle Ages the houses were made of wood. Then, at the end of the 15th century there was a huge fire and about three quarters of the town was destroyed. After that, houses were made of brick. Unlike other places in Europe, where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows, here the taxes depended on the width of the house – so they kept them narrow, but built them tall. Well, that?s what Claire says, and she read it in the guidebook.

Saturday

We visited the Van Gogh Museum, instead of the more famous

Rijksmuseum. It was astonishing. I hadn?t really looked at any of Van Gogh?s paintings before. He seems to have re-invented the art. It doesn?t matter whether he is doing a portrait of a landscape –he?s a genius. In the last 70 days of his life before he short himself he produced 70 paintings, and I reckon they?re almost all masterpieces. Yet in all his life Van Gogh only ever sold one painting! We must have spent three hours in that museum. When we came out I told Claire I thought Van Gogh was the greatest painter in history. She reminded me that we were leaving for Paris tomorrow, where we were going to see the most famous painting in the world …

The puzzle of the Mona Lisa

The Mona Lisa is the subject of many stories, but there is one anecdote which remains a puzzle. Is the painting in the Louvre the authentic work by Leonardo da Vinci … or just a copy?

The story began one day in 1911 when someone noticed the Mona Lisa was missing. A spokesman said, “The burglar left the antique frame and the glass behind. He must have gone through the basement to the main courtyard. A passerby saw a man with a moustache, carrying a parcel under his arm, dash over the street crossing, along to the crossroads. He then fled down a sideroad.

We?re appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.”

So we stole the Mona Lisa? And why? News about the loss of the Mona Lisa was circulated in all the French newspapers, and there was a widespread search for the burglar all over the country. He police said, “we don?t think the burglar was working alone. We?re seeking a gang of criminals.”

Two years later, a man with a moustache went to an art dealer in Florence in Italy and made a tentative attempt to sell the Mona Lisa. The art dealer checked it, agreed it was authentic …and then called the police.

Why did the burglar, Vincenzo Perugia, wait so long? Perugia had stolen the Mona Lisa on behalf of the chief organizer of the crime, Eduardo de Valifierno. But Perugia made a fundamental mistake. He trusted da Valfierno to pay him for tha painting. The drawback for Perugia was that de Valfierno didn?t in fact need the painting, only the news of the theft. De Valfierno made six superb copies and sold them, claiming that each one was the authentic stolen painting. Of course, the fact that there were six substitutes was confidential. The six buyers didn?t know about the other paintings. What?s more, de Valfierno didn?t need to pay his debt to Perugia.

After two years, Perugia got tired of waiting to be paid, and

tried to sell the painting. When the real Mona Lisa turned up in Florence, de Valfierno simply told his buyers that it was merely a copy.

The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison. De Valfierno remained at liberty for the rest of his life.

But there is still a puzzle. There were a number of precise copies of the Mona Lisa painted by gifted students of Leonardo da Vinci. Part of the painting?s fascination is whether the one in the Louvre was authentic … even before it was stolen. And if Perugia stole a copy … who has the authentic Mona Lisa?

Printing

Printing is the process of making many copies of a single document using movable characters or letters. In China, printing was known as early as in the 7th century, during the Tang Dynasty; in Europe, it was an important part of the Renaissance. Printing answered a need because people were thirsty for knowledge.

Before printing was invented, copies of a manuscript had to be made by hand, usually on animal skins. This was a difficult task that could take many years, and which made books very expensive.

Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand.

It is believed that a German, Johann Gutenberg, made the first printing press in Europe. He adapted it from the machines farmers used to squeeze oil from olives. It used paper, which was more suitable for printing (and cheaper) than animal skins. Paper, like printing, had been invented much earlier in China and it had found its way to Europe, via southeast Asia and then India. By the 10th century AD, paper was being produced in Baghdad. The first paper mill in Europe was built at the end of the 12th century.

The first book that Gutenberg produced was a Bible. But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics, which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years. People also wanted books in their own languages. The invention of printing meant that this desire could be satisfied.

Soon there were printing presses all over northern Europe. In 1476 William Caxton set up his own press in London, and England became one of the most important centres of the printing industry. This spread of printed books led to a renewed passion for artistic expression. Without the development of the printing press, the Renaissance may never have happened. Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the

son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid-1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession. What western civilization gained from Gutenberg?s contribution is impossible to calculate.

Module 3 Foreign Food

Passage 1

Chinese people think a lot about food. In fact, I think that they are sometimes obsessed with it. My first experience of this aspect of Chinese culture came at a banquet during a trip to Beijing in 1998. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be. The first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates dangerously balanced one on top of another. I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and I started eating greedily. Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat. “They can?t have very big appetites,” I thought.

To my surprise, more dishes arrived, plus soups, side dishes, and desserts. There was enough to feed a whole army.

No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish; they knew what was still to come. But I was already so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued.

Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal – much to the horror of many westerners. Stomach, intestines, ears, tongue, tail, hoof, and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you. The first time I saw a three-year-old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken?s head I had bad dream for weeks.

These days I enjoy that sort of food myself. On a recent trip to the United States I suddenly felt like some Chinese delicacies, and asked the guy at the meat counter of a supermarket, “Do you have pigs? ears?”“No,” he said, pulling at his own ear, “Just these ordinary ones.”He must have thought I was joking.

However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept. The infamous choudoufu is an example. (the name says it all: “stinky tofu”.) Just when I got used to it, I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deep-fried choudoufu, a horrible black substance that looked and smelled about as appetizing as a burnt tennis shoe. Maybe I?ll get used to that, too – someday.

Passage 2

The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher. Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat. I was amazed at their easy and graceful manner while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food. At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes. It was quite hard to make out hat they contained. The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to people?s requirements. I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich. It didn?t actually taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and even the bread from the fridge, was a meal that would make you feel cold inside. Later, I found out that British people like cold food. Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving, while Chinese food is prepared more carefully. The Chinese have a fixed phrase “cold leftovers”. Cold food means poverty –you don?t give it to a guest! No wonder westerners like Chinese food.

I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table. I once ordered mushroom soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the

table. It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed food, like the fillings of jiaozi in Beijing. The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table. Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance. We would never mash food into an unrecognizable shape.

What?s more, the names of many kinds of English food are hard to remember. In fact, they often use French or Italian words. But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.

An Embarrassing Moment

The perfect host is the one who saves his guest from embarrassment whatever the cost. When Edward VII became King of England in 1901, he was already nearly 60 years old. He liked traveling, meeting people, and eating well. In short, he liked having a good time.

One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific. The menu included asparagus, which his guest had never eaten before. Asparagus is by nature tender

人教版高中英语必修一到选修八教材课文阅读文章

必修1 第一单元ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I came here. …For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at

英语选修八小课文及翻译第五单元

Unit 5 THE FEAST: 18,000 BC公元前一万八千年的一次盛宴 Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands. 由于在草原上放牧，家族成员先分散开，然后在不同的地方相聚，这是他们的一个习俗。 A wrinkle appeared on her forehead. 她的额头出现了一道皱纹。 If only it could be just like last year! 要是能像去年那样就好了！ At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children. 当大胡选拉拉作未来孩子的母亲时，她觉得很高兴。 He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen. 他是这个家族中最好的工匠，被他选中对拉拉来说是莫大的荣幸。 She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins. 她记得那时热血澎湃。 She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. 当族人为他的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，拉拉觉得非常自豪。 If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！ Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now. 那么她就不会这么担心了。 Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。 She had no man with his spear to protect her.她身边没有男人拿着矛来保护她。 She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. 快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。 So the men had brought home the meat for the feast! 因此那个男人把肉带回了家用来设宴！ The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger.肉的香味笼罩着她，使她因饥饿而头昏眼花。 She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire. 她看到母亲和大一些的孩子在烧烤鹿肉和猪肉， Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins. 她姨妈在用兽皮做衣服。 Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. 突然间她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来， Lala smiled with relief. 拉拉宽慰地笑了， It was good to have her family around her. 跟家人在一起实在是太好啦！ Just then a tall man came up behind her.就在这时候，她身后出来了一位高个子男人。 He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones. 他有一张宽大的方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出， Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm 肩上扛着几条大鱼，腋下夹着一些木头。 Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task. 拉拉对大胡微笑着，递给他一些石头做的刮子。大胡也笑着，走出洞外，开始工作。

外研版高中英语选修8全册教案

外研版高中英语必修8 全册教学设计教案

目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》

选修8课文翻译--全析

选修8 Unit 1 大课文多样性的土地 加州 加州是美国第三大洲,但是人口最多。它也有不同的是最多元文化国家在美国,有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。的习俗和语言的移民活在新居。这个文化多样性并不令人惊讶当你知道他的历史加州。本土美国人 什么时候到的第一批人我们现在知道的加利福尼亚,没有人真的知道。然而,很可能在加利福尼亚居住美国印地安人是至少一万五千年前。科学家们认为这些定居者穿过白令海峡在北极到美国的一种方法中存在的陆地桥在史前时期。在16世纪,欧洲人到来之后,当地人中蒙受了重大损失。数千人的死亡或被迫成为奴隶。另外,许多人死于这种疾病所带来的欧洲人。然而,从一些这些可怕的时代,今天还有更多的美国人住在加州比任何其他国家。 西班牙 在18世纪,加州被西班牙。名西班牙士兵初到南美洲,在16世纪早期当他们攻打当地人,把他们的土地。两个世纪以后,西班牙人定居在大部分南美和沿西北海岸的我们现在所称的美国。第一个西班牙去加州,大多数都是虔诚的教徒。他们的部门是要教导天主教给当地人。1821年,墨西哥取得了他们的从西班牙独立。加州的一部分则成了墨西哥。1846年美国宣战墨西哥和战争结束后获美国、墨西哥不得不给加州

到美国。然而,仍有强烈的西班牙影响国家。这就是为什么今天超过40的加州人说西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。 俄罗斯人 在19世纪初,俄罗斯的猎人,这些原本,开始去阿拉斯加定居在加州。在那里的今天是大约2.5万美籍俄裔住在旧金山市区和郊区。 黄金生产商 1848年1月24日,美墨战争后不久,有人在加州发现了黄金。快速致富的梦想吸引了来自世界各地的人们。最近的,因此第一个到达,是来自美国人民和来自美国。然后从欧洲和亚洲的冒险者随之而来。事实上,一些达到了他们的梦想成为富足。一些死亡或回到家,但是大多数住在加利福尼亚使自己的生活不顾大的困难。他们就住在新城镇或在农场工作。在加州成为31日当选美国的联邦州在1850年,已经是一个多元文化的社会。 晚来者 尽管中国移民开始到在淘金热期间,他们的建筑……（文件丢失）从西方的铁路网络到东海岸带来了更大的编号到加州十九世纪六十年代。今天,美藉华人住在加州的所有部分,尽管大部分选择呆在“唐人街”的洛杉矶和旧金山。 意大利人等其他移民,主要渔民还酿酒师,到达了加州在十九世纪。在1911年移民建立了镇来自丹麦的自己,今天仍然继续他们的丹麦文化。到了二十世纪二十年代电影产业被确立在美国加利福尼亚州的好莱坞。因此本行业的繁荣——吸引了欧洲人包括许多犹太民族主

英语选修八小课文及翻译第四单元

Unit4ActTwo,Scene1MAKINGTHEBET第二幕第一场打赌 Itis11aminHenryHiggins'. 第二天上午11点，在亨利·希金斯家。亨利同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。H:Doyouwanttohearanymoresounds?希：你还想不想听听更多的发音呢？ CP:No,;'tdistinguishmostofthem. 皮：不听了，谢谢。我本来还很自负的，因为我能清晰地发出24个元音来。而你发出了130个元音，其中多数我都分辨不清。你赢我了。 H:(laughing)Well,thatcomeswithpractice.希：（笑起来）这都是练习的结果。ThereisaknockandMrsPearce(MP),thehousekeeper,comesinwithcookies,ateapot ,somecreamandtwocups. 敲门声起，皮尔斯夫人（管）带着甜点、茶壶、奶酒和两个杯子进来。 MP:(hesitating)Ayounggirlisaskingtoseeyou. 管：（犹豫地）一个年轻姑娘求见你。 H:Ayounggirl!Whatdoesshewant?希：年轻姑娘！她想要什么？ MP:Well,she'. 管：哦，很普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。我本来还以为你是要她来对着机器讲话的呢。 H:Why?Hasshegotaninterestingaccent?We',MrsPearce. 希：怎么啦？她的口音很有趣吗？咱们来看看吧。皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。 MP:(onlyhalfresignedtoit)Verywell,sir.(goesdownstairs) 管：（半听不听地）好吧，先生。（随即向楼下走去） H:'llshowyouhowImakerecordsonwaxdisks...

外研社英语选修八重点名词,形容词

Key words gravity mass exploration rivalry treaty glare frost absence luxury dormitory laundry emergency battery privilege reliability insight inspiration subject frontier perspective anecdote basement suspect drawback substitute blame liberty passion profession poison banquet delicacy manner compliment consequence fusion grocery pattern foreground dialect trace intonation ancestor rhythm debate revolution investigation flavour association dilemma concept tendency significance offence oppose prejudice resist conflict approval curiosity fascination candidate patience decade tension authority sorrow division destiny sympathy faith devotion invasion impact acquaintance dynasty expansion altitude specialist corruption merchant sponsor expense barrier departure enterprise anniversary independence surgeon

英语选修八大小课文翻译

单位1 A 不同的土地－阅读 加州 加州是在美国的第三大的州但是有最大的人口。它也有区别─身为美国中最多元文化的州，从全世界已经吸引人们。移民的关税和语言倚赖生活在他们新的在家。当你知道加州的历史时，文化的这不同不令人惊讶。 本国的AMERCANS 完全地当第一的个人在我们现在知道当做加州的到达，没有人真的知道。然而，是有可能的是，美国原住民一万五千年前至少住在加州。科学家相信这些移民者藉由一个在史前的时代存在了的陆桥越过了在北极圈中的白令海峡到美国。在16 世纪内，在欧洲人的抵达，本国的人遭受很大之后。数千进入奴隶的身份之内被杀或强迫。此外，多数从被欧洲人带来的疾病死了。然而，一些遭受这些可怕的时代后幸存，而且今天有较多的美国原住民住在加州超过在任何其他的州。 西班牙人 在18 世纪内，加州被西班牙统治了。西班牙军人在16 世纪初期内首先抵达南美洲了，当他们对抗了本国的人而且拿他们的土地。两世纪之后，西班牙人在南美洲的大多数地区安顿和向前我们现在呼叫美国的西北海岸。第一个西班牙人去加州，多数是宗教性的男人，部将向本地人教天主教徒宗教。在1821 年，墨西哥人们得到了他们自西班牙独立。加州然后变成了墨西哥的一部份。在1846 美国宣布墨西哥战争，在被美国嬴得的战争之后，墨西哥必须把加州给美国。然而，仍然有州的强烈的西班牙影响力。那是今天超过加州人中的40 为什么说西班牙语为第一或第二种语言。 俄国人 在1800 年代早期，俄国猎人，本来去安拉斯加州，开始了在加州定居。今天旧金山周围地区有大约25000 俄国人－美国人住。 淘金者 在1848 年，不在美国人－墨西哥的战争之后长久地，黄金在加州被发现。很快地变成富有的梦从全世界吸引了人们。最近的，因此第一者到达，是南美洲的和来自美国的人们。然后来自欧洲的冒险家和亚洲很快跟随。事实上，很少的达成了他们变成富有的梦。一些死或者被送回的在家，但是最保持了在加州为自己作生活尽管棒的艰难。他们在新城镇或在农场上安顿。被被选举成为三十个的时间加州－美国的第一联邦州在1850 年，它已经是一个多元文化的社会。 稍后RRIVALS 虽然中国移民开始在淘金潮期间到达，但是，它是建筑物 从西部到在1860 年代带更大的数字到加州的东海岸的铁路网。今天，美籍华裔住在加州的所有地区，虽然大的百分比已经选择留在洛杉矶和旧金山的" 唐人街" 。 其他移民，像是意大利人，主要地渔夫但是也酒制造者，在19 世纪末期内抵达加州了。在1911 年，来自丹麦的移民建立了仍然持续他们的丹麦文化的一个他们自己的城镇。1920 年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞很好地被建立。工业繁荣吸引了欧洲人包括许多犹太人的人。今天加州有在美国第二大的犹太人的人口。 日本农民开始从最初的地方20 世纪抵达加州，而且1980 年代以来更多在那里安顿。来自非洲的人们1800 年代以来就一直住在加州，当他们从墨西哥向北移动。然而，更多到达在1942 和1945之间在船和飞机业中工作。 大多数最近的抵达 在比较最近的十年内，加州已经变得来自亚洲的较多的人的家，包括韩国人、高棉人、越南

人教版高中英语选修8各单元课文原文

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

人教版_选修8_reading_课文翻译

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修8 Reading 翻译北京文顺工作室2010年5月11日 Unit1 加利福尼亚 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。 美洲土著人 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 西班牙人 在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地3两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。 俄罗斯人 19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。 淘金矿工 1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。 后来的移民 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。 19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。 日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的，而从20世纪80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从1 9世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们

人教版高中英语选修8-课文及翻译

人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the

选修八课文翻译

Unit1 加利福尼亚 加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后，你就不会对此感到惊讶了。 美洲土著人 最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。然而，很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在16世纪来到这儿后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难，成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死，不过，还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 西班牙人 在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是在1 6世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，并夺去了他们的土地3两个世纪以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移 居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是，这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。 俄罗斯人 19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人约有25,000人。 淘金矿工 1848年，在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久，在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，多数人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。 后来的移民 虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的移民却是在1 9世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天，加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里。 19世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有制酒工人。1911年，丹麦的移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。 20世纪20年代，电影业在加州的好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。

新人教版高中英语选修八U5课文重点句汇集

新人教版高中英语选修八U5课文重点句汇集 1．You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。 2．We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. 我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。 3．It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. 看样子他们用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。(B8 P38) 4．So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold. 因此, 我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒, 就住在这些洞穴里。(B8 P38) 5．A group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. An archaeologist (A) is showing them round.一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观,有一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。 6．Try a tentative guess about what Peking Man might have done and used thousands of years ago.暂且猜猜几千年前“北京人”可能做的事情和用的东西。 7．It seems that they might have used sharpened stone tools to cut up the animals and remove their skin. 看起来他们可能是用尖锐的石器切开动物，把他们的皮剥下来。 8．After that they would have had to rub an ample amount of salt inside the skin to make it soft enough. 然后，他们可能在兽皮里边擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。 9．It is a primitive necklace.这是一条原始的项链吧。 10．Did early people really care about their appearance like we do?-Yes and so well preserved. 早期人类也象我们一样讲究外表吗？是的，还保存得很好呢。 11．Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake．确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。 12．It1) is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，(who2) are interested in archaeology). 来自英格兰，并对考古学感兴趣的同学们，很高兴见到你们。13．You must1) be aware that it’s here that2) we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 想必你们也知道，正是在这儿我们找到了居住在世界这一角落一些最早人类的证据。 14．［Having heard1) wolves howling in the forest］，Lala accelerated her walk (up the path to the caves) ［fearing2) that there might be wild beasts lying3) in wait for her］. 听到狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽隐蔽埋伏着，在等着她。 15．［Abruptly］she sat down，［only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna］. 她突然坐下来，却被她又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。 16．We hurried to the station，only to find the train had left. 我们匆匆赶到车站，结果却发现火车已开走了。 17．We have been excavating1) layers of ash (almost six meters thick)，(which2) suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter). 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰；几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。 18．That would1) have kept them 〈warm2)〉，cooked the food and scared wild beasts ［away］［as well］. 这火可让他们取暖、煮食、还能吓跑野兽。