建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with an

overviewRein

Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance.

Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency.

1、steel mechanical link

1.1 radial squeeze link

Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked

Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.

Easy and simple to handle, construction fast, save energy and material, comprehensive economy profitable, this method has been already a large amount of application in the project.

Applicable scope : Suitable for Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳgrade reinforcing bar (including welding bad reinforcing bar ) with ribbing of Ф 18- 50mm, connection between the same diameter or different diameters reinforcing bar .

1.2must squeeze link

Extruders used in the covers, reinforced axis along the cold metal sleeve squeeze dedicated to insert sleeve Lane two hot rolling steel drums into a highly integrated mechanical linking methods.

Characteristic: Easy to operate and joining fast and not having flame homework , can construct for 24 hours , save a large number of reinforcing bars and energy. Applicable scope : Suitable for , set up according to first and second class antidetonation requirement -proof armored concrete structure ФⅡ, Ⅲgrade reinforcing bar with ribbing of hot rolling of 20- 32mm join and construct live.

1.3 cone thread connecting

Using cone thread to bear pulled, pressed both effort and self-locking nature, undergo good principles will be reinforced by linking into cone-processing thread at the moment the value of integration into the joints connecting steel bars.

Characteristic: Simple , all right preparatory cut of the craft , connecting fast, concentricity is good, have pattern person who restrain from advantage reinforcing bar carbon content.

Applicable scope : Suitable for the concrete structure of the industry , civil building and general structures, reinforcing bar diameter is for Фfor the the 16- 40mm one Ⅱ, Ⅲgrade verticality, it is the oblique to or reinforcing bars horizontal join construct live.

conclusions

These are now commonly used to connect steel synthesis methods, which links technology in the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries are widely used. There are different ways to connect their different characteristics and scope of the

actual construction of production depending on the specific project choose a suitable method of connecting to achieve both energy conservation and saving time limit for a project ends.

钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋连接综述

改革开放以来，随着国民经济的快速、持久发展，各种钢筋混凝土建筑结构大量建造，钢筋连接技术得到很大的发展。因此，推广应用先进的钢筋连接技术，对于提高工程质量、加快施工速度、提高劳动生产率、降低成本，具有十分重要的意义。

钢筋连接技术可分为钢筋焊接和钢筋机械连接两大类。钢筋焊接有6种焊接方法，有的适用于预制厂，有的适用于现场施工，有的两者都适用。钢筋机械连接常用有3种方法，主要适用于现场施工。各种方法有其自身特点和不同的适用范围，并在不断发展和改进。在实际生产中，应根据具体的工作条件、工作环境和技术要求，选用合适的方法以期达到最佳的综合效益。

1、钢筋机械连接

1.1 径向挤压连接

将一个钢套筒套在两根带肋钢筋的端部，用超高压液压设备（挤压钳）沿钢套筒径向挤压钢套管，在挤压钳挤压力作用下，钢套筒产生塑性变形与钢筋紧密结合，通过钢套筒与钢筋横肋的咬合，将两根钢筋牢固连接在一起。

特点：接头强度高，性能可靠，能够承受高应力反复拉压载荷及疲劳载荷。操作简便、施工速度快、节约能源和材料、综合经济效益好，该方法已在工程中大量应用。

适用范围：适用于Ф18～50mm的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级带肋钢筋（包括焊接性差的钢筋），相同直径或不同直径钢筋之间的连接。

1.2 轴向挤压连接

将两钢筋安放成对接形式，利用焊接电流通过两钢筋接触点产生塑性区及均匀的液体金属层，迅速施加顶锻力完成的一种压焊方法。

特点：操作简单、速度快、无明火作业、可全天候施工，节约大量钢筋和能源。适用范围：适用于按一、二级抗震设防要求的钢筋混凝土结构中Ф20～32mm 的Ⅱ、Ⅲ级热轧带肋钢筋现场连接施工。

1.3 锥螺纹连接

利用锥螺纹能承受拉、压两种作用力及自锁性、密封性好的原理，将钢筋的连接端加工成锥螺纹，按规定的力矩值把钢筋连接成一体的接头。

利用锥螺纹能承受拉、压两种作用力及自锁性、密封性好的原理，将钢筋的连接端加工成锥螺纹，按规定的力矩值把钢筋连接成一体的接头。

特点：工艺简单可以预加工连接速度快同心度好，不受钢筋含碳量和有无花纹限制等优点。

适用范围：适用于工业与民用建筑及一般构筑物的混凝土结构中，钢筋直径为Ф16～40mm的Ⅱ、Ⅲ级竖向、斜向或水平钢筋的现场连接施工。

以上是对现今常用的钢筋连接方法的综述，这些连接技术在美国、英国、日本等国家均得到广泛应用。不同的连接方法有其不同的特点和适用范围，在实际施工生产中需视具体工程情况选择合适的连接方法，以达到既节约能源又节省工期的目的。

室内设计参考文献摘要

参考文献： 1 梁思成全集.北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001 2 郑曙阳绿色设计之路——室内设计面向未来的唯一选择建筑创作第十期2002 3 郑曙阳室内设计资料集北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993 4 韩冬青建筑形态建构方式的比较和探索新建筑第三期，1994 8 张世礼中国现代室内设计研究散记中国室内第三期，2001 潘谷西主编.中国建筑史参考图.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000 同济大学建筑系编. 同济大学学生建筑设计作业选2000-2001. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002 《大师系列》丛书编辑部编著. 《大师系列》. 中国电力出版社,2005 〔美〕M.萨利赫·乌丁著.美国建筑画. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998 王晓俊编著.风景园林设计.江苏:江苏科学技术出版社,2007 〔美〕弗郎西斯·D.K.钦著邹德侬方千里译.建筑:形式·空间和秩序. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987 〔美〕M.萨利赫·乌丁著张永刚陆卫东译.建筑设计数字化. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002 陈文斌章金良主编.建筑工程制图.上海:同济大学出版社,2006 韩中杰编著.手绘表现图.福建:福建科学技术出版社,2004 李明许谦编著.群星记录.北京:清华大学出版社,2003 吴卫著.钢笔建筑室内环境技法与表现. 北京:中国建筑工业出版

社,2004 陈红卫著.陈红卫手绘表现.福建: 福建科学技术出版社,2007 孙佳成编著.室内环境设计与手绘表现技法. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006 郑曙旸著.室内设计.吉林:吉林美术出版社,1997 罗玲玲主编.建筑设计创造能力开发教程. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003 朱会平主编.家具与室内设计.黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1999 刘芳苗阳编著.建筑空间设计.上海:同济大学出版社,2003 .郑曙旸著.室内设计.吉林:吉林美术出版社,1997 吴卫著.钢笔建筑室内环境技法与表现. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004 孙佳成编著.室内环境设计与手绘表现技法. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006 .〔美〕弗郎西斯·D.K.钦著邹德侬方千里译.建筑:形式·空间和秩序. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987 朱会平主编.家具与室内设计.黑龙江:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1999

机械设计设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

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建筑类型和设计-外文翻译

南京理工大学 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院（系）：南京理工大学继续教育学院 专业：土木工程 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：学术论坛网 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文 建筑类型和设计 厂房与人民息息相关，因为它提供必要的空间，工作和生活中。 由于其使用的分类，建筑主要有两种类型：工业建筑和民用建筑各工厂或工业生产中使用的工业大厦，而那些居住，就业，教育和其他社会活动的人使用的民用建筑。 工业楼宇厂房可用于加工和制造各类采矿业，冶金工业，机械制造，化学工业和纺织工业等领域。可分为两种类型的单层和多层的厂房，民用建筑，工业建筑是相同的。然而，工业与民用建筑中使用的材料，在使用它们的方式不同。 民用建筑分为两大类：住宅建筑和公共建筑，住宅建筑应满足家庭生活应包括至少有三个必要的房间：每个单位。一个客厅，一个厨房和厕所，公共建筑，可以在政治文化活动，管理工作和其他服务，如学校，写字楼，公园，医院，商店，车站，影剧院，体育场馆，宾馆，展览馆，洗浴池，等等，他们都有不同的功能，这在需要以及不同的设计类型。 房屋是人类居住。房屋的基本功能是提供遮风挡雨，但今天人们需要更他们的住房，一个家庭迁入一个新的居民区知道，如果现有住房符合其标准安全，健康和舒适。附近的房屋是如何粮店，粮食市场，学校，商店，图书馆，电影院，社区中心，家庭也会问。 在60年代中期最重要的住房价值足够空间的内部和外部。多数首选的一半左右1英亩的土地，这将提供业余活动空间单户住宅的家庭。在高度工业化的国家，许多家庭宁愿住尽量尽可能从一个大都市区的中心，“打工仔”，即使行驶一段距离，他们的工作。不少家庭的首选国家住房郊区住房的大量的，因为他们的主要目的是远离噪音，拥挤，混乱。无障碍公共交通已不再是决定性因素，在住房，因为大多数工人开着自己的车上班的人。我们主要感兴趣的安排和房间的大小和卧室数目。 在建筑设计中的一个重要的一点是，房间的布局，应提供有关它们目的，最大可能的便利，在住宅，布局可根据三类认为：“天”，“夜必须注意“和”服务“。支付提供这些地区之间容易沟通。”天“的房间，一般包括用餐室，起居室和厨房，但其他房间，如一项研究，可能会补充说，可能有一个大厅，客厅，通常是最大的，往往是作为一个餐厅，也或厨房，可有一个用餐凉亭。“夜”的房间，卧室组成。“服务”，包括厨房，卫生间，储藏室，厨房和储藏室的水厕。连接天与客房的服务。 这也是必须考虑的前景问题，从不同的房间，和那些在使用中最应该尽可能最好朝

中英文参考文献格式

中文参考文献格式 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识： M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为： （一）专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京：商务印书馆，1997. （二）论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选：下册[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. 凡引专著的页码，加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 （三）报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27，（3） （四）期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）. （五）学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998. （六）报告 示例 [1] 白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，1998. （七）、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释，置于本页地脚，前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

建筑设计参考文献综述

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外文参考文献下载

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外文参考文献

JIU JIANG UNIVERSITY 中英文文献翻译 题目RFID射频识别技术概述院系信息科学与技术学院专业计算机科学与技术 姓名武晓杰 班级学号A121238 二Ｏ一五年十二月

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最新建筑毕业论文参考文献范文（3篇） 最新建筑毕业论文参考文献范文(一) Nor Berg-Schulz，场所精神迈向建筑现象学[M]，华中科技大学出版社，2012; 杨、盖尔，交往与空间[M]，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002; K. Lynch，城市意向[M]，北京：华夏出版社，2001; 童林旭，地下空间与城市现代化发展，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005; 刘晓晖、杨宇振，商业建筑[M]，武汉：武汉大学出版社，1999; 曾坚、陈岚、陈志宏.，现代商业建筑的规划与设计[M]，天津：天津大学出版社，2002; 杨贵庆，城市社会心理学[[M]，上海：同济大学出版社，2000; 布恩(美)，心理学原理和应用[M]，知识出版社，1985; 魏伦杰，张卫华，关注城市地下商业建筑的安全性与舒适性[J].四川建筑，2007 年第 27 卷; I. L. Mcharg，设计结合自然[M]，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1992; 高履泰，光环境的剖析，北京建筑工程学院.照明工程学报 200(04); 王紫雯、涂银霞，城市居住环境中的人文要素研究以杭州市的人居环境调查为例，建筑学报，2002. 1. p40; 韩晶，张宇星，城市流线空间连续性设计的方法.规划师，2004, 09 : 90-93; 童林旭，地下空间概论，地下空间，2004 年 3 月，24 (1)：133-142; 童林旭，地下空间与未来城市，地下空间与工程学报，2005 年 06 月，1 (3 ) : 323-328; 束昱、彭方乐，地下空间研究的新领域一一地下环境心理学、地下空间，1990,1(3); 王保勇，束昱，影响城市地下空间环境的因素分析，同济大学学报，2000，28(6) : 656-660; 陈秋琼，改善室内空气环境的几种方法，上海建设科技，2000，03; [美]吉迪恩、S、格兰尼，[日]尾岛俊雄.城市地下空间设计，北京：中国建筑工业出版

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