【2019-2020】高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练(1)(含解析)

【2019-2020】高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（1）（含解析））

李仕才

A

If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news---if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.

John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.

Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered few er disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.

The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.

The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”

“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned---it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exac tly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”

1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?

A. They can keep healthy easily

B. They need more energy to be active

C. They can look younger than they are

D. They will live a longer life like humans

2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?

A.

B. They make proteins in the cells slowly

C. They will produce high quality proteins more

D. They may need more time to repair themselves

3.Price explained the ribosomes’ role of repairing themselves by _________.

A. telling a story

B. listing basic data

C. D. experimenting on mice

4.What does the text mainly deal with?

A. Food decides how long you live

B. Can you slow down your aging process?

C. Eating less may help you live longer

D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。

1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中The researchers limited what the mice in the other

group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.

的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。

2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中The researchers found that fewer calories slow

down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。

4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句If you want to slow aging, you might want to

eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。

B

(2015·南宁第二次适应性测试)

LSE Summer School, located in the heart of London, is the largest university summer

school in Europe.Our courses are suitable for those who are at, or are about to start university.Our school will begin accepting applications in March 2017.

Courses

Accounting，Finance，Law，Economics，Business and International Relations.

Dates

Session One: 6- 26 July; Session Two: 27 July- 14 August.

_Rates

university or college anywhere in the world.

?In addition, a ￡50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application.

_Applicant_requirements

If you have studied in the UK, you don’t need any additional English qualifications.Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at our school.However, you will enter the UK as a “Student Visitor”．Course changes are permitted before the start of the programme and within three days of the session.

_Contact_hours_and_teaching_methods

LSE Summer School courses are full-time and normally consist of 48 hours over the three-week period, taki ng the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes.Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or

afternoon supplemented by small one-hour classes of approximately 15 students.

_Assessment_and_examinations

Assessment for LSE Summer School is based on the results of either two written examinations，or a final written examination and assessed work.Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded a certificate and transcript.

If you have any questions, please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.

【解题导语】本文对LSE暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍，以吸引更多的学生前来学习。

1. You will probably find the passage________.

A．in a magazine B．in a newspaper

C．in a textbook D．on a website

解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段“If you have any questions，please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.”可知，此文可以在网站上看到，即D项正确。

2．According to the text, Jack, a full-time student in London, will at least pay ________for his one-ses sion programme in LSE Summer School.

A．￡1,775 B．￡1,825

C．￡2,500 D．￡2,550

解析：选B。数字计算题。根据表格可知：一个学期的学费至少为1 775英镑，又根据下文的“In addition，a ￡ 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application.”可知，杰克至少要花费1 825英镑，即B项正确。

3. From the text we learn that________.

A．students may have lectures at night at times

B．the two programmes are only designed for foreign students

C．students who have passed the required examinations will get a certificate

D．a visa and fluent spoken English are required to study in LSE Summer School

解析：选C。细节理解题。根据Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded

a certificate and transcript.”可知，通过考试的学生可以拿到证书，即C项正确。

4. For what purpose is the text written?

A. Attracting students to attend the programmes in LSE Summer School.

B．Introducing some famous teachers and courses in LSE Summer School.

C．Getting students to know more about the programmes in the UK.

D．Offering some cheaper courses for students from the UK.

解析：选A。写作意图题。综合全文可知，本文旨在吸引学生参加LSE暑期学校的项目，

即A项正确。

C

It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum

and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.

But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.

Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things

you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子

The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon

as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.

Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.

文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。

1．Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________. A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum

B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years

C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum

D．chewing gum is indigestible for children

答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。

2．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?

A．It remains in our digestive system forever.

B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.

C．It will fight against the power of the gut.

D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.

答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句可知，答案B符合文义。

3．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to ________.

A．The attempt B．The salvia

C．The shell D．The gum base

答案：B 指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。

4．What would be the best title for text?

A．How does our digestive system work?

B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?

C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?

D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?

答案：C 标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。

D

(2016·西宁三校联考)

India is a country with 1.2 billion people，of which 30% still live in poverty，and 56% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture even though it contributes only 18% of GDP.Reforming India’s economy will therefore require more than just the relaxation of business regulations; it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers for other professions through better education and vocational training.In addition，only 29% of women in India are in the workforce even though they make up 50% of the population，which represents the severe underuse of a valuable resource，and a barrier to progress.

The government with Modi as the Premier will have to create a basic construction to correct the problem of these inefficiencies.It is also important to note that the reorganization of India’s labor force will take years，if not decades，to produce results for the economy.All this can push returns down for investors in the short and medium term.

Another major challenge for India’s free market experiment will be the foundation of BJP (人民党)，which has its roots in religion.Free market economics can’t work properly without a truly free society，and the conservative social and political philosophies (思想体系) of Modi’s party could prevent that from happening.

【解题导语】本文主要介绍了印度的政治环境以及目前所面临的经济改革问题。

1．To change Ind ia’s economy more effectively，________.

A．business regulations should be restricted

B．farm workers deserve retraining and reallocating

C．more people should be engaged in agriculture

D．women make up 50% of the workforce

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“it will r equire a massive reallocation

of labor and the retraining of farm workers”可知，需要重新分配劳动力和重新培训农民工，即B项正确。

2．Free market economics can function well with ________.

A．traditional social structures

B．a society full of liberty

C．conservative political philosophies

D．the basic policy of BJP

解析：选B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Free market economics can’t work properly without a truly free society”可知，自由市场经济能够正常运转需要一个真正自由的社会，即B项正确。

3．Under the control of the government，________ will benefit from the economic reform.

B．both state factories and local firms

C．both middle class people and poor people

D．both urban and rural areas

解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“While India’s poor people will certainly benefit from economic reform”和“but without state control，India’s poor and middle class may be left beh ind”可知，经济改革将使中产阶级的人和穷人都受益，即C项正确。

4．The tone of the author towards India’s economic reform is ________.

A．favorable B．disapproving

C．optimistic D．doubtful

解析：选D。推理判断题。根据文章的第三段和第四段的“The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.”可知，印度的经济改革挑战巨大、困难重重，作者对其持怀疑态度，即D项正确。

E

China’s admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well-preserved childhood home of Tu Youyou,the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家)who won the 2015 year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学),into a popular tourist destination.

The house,where Tu lived until she went to university in Beijing

“There are continually parents taking their children,from infants in strollers to college students,to take photos in front of Tu’s former home.Security guards have been ordered to go on patrol around the clock,”said Mr Zhao,a salesperson from Ningbo Real Estate Inc.Co.

Shanghai resident Xu Lingfei,who was on a trip to Ningbo名人)is a way to inspire them to study harder,”Xu said.

Something similar happened after Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature in 2012.Tourists started visiting Mo’s former home in rural Gaomi,Shandong Province in an endless stream starting the day after he won the prize.Some even pulled the radishes planted in front of the house,and carried away some bricks.

1.Tu Youyou’s former house is now popular mainly because .

A.Tu won the Nobel Prize

B.it has some cultural relics

C.it covers a large area

答案:A

解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知屠呦呦的故居现在受欢迎主要是因为屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖。故选A项。

2.Why did Xu Lingfei take her son to visit Tu’s former home?

A.She admired Tu very much.

B.She planned to buy the house.

C.She intended to take photos there.

D.She wanted her son to be inspired.

答案:D

解析:细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子

“‘Chinesepeoplebelieveinexamsandawardsandhaveastrongpreferenceforhighpe rformers .Takingchildrentovisittheformerdwellingplacesofcelebritiesisawaytoinspirethemtost udyharder,’Xusaid.”可知她带儿子去参观屠呦呦故居是想激励儿子。故选D项。

3.Where is Mo Yan’s former home located?

A.Shanghai.

B.Gaomi.

C.Ningbo.

D.Beijing.

答案:B

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Touristsstarted visitingMo’sformerhomeinruralGaomi,ShandongProvince...”可知莫言的故居是在高密。故选B项。

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Tu Youyou’s former home is for sale.

B.More Chinese have won the Nobel Prize.

C.Nobel winner’

D.Children benefit from visiting Nobel winner’s home.

答案:C

解析:主旨大意题。根据文章内容,尤其是第一段“China’sadmirationofoutstandingscholarshasturnedthewell-preservedchildhoodhomeofTuYouyou ,theChinesepharmacologistwhowonthe2015year’

sNobelPrizeinPhysiology,intoapopulartouristdestination.”可知,文章的主要观点是诺贝尔奖获得者的故居立刻成为旅游景点。故选C项。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

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