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学位英语语法易错点归纳

一、定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who（宾格whom），所有格whose）和关系副词where when why 等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词that，which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语，whose在从句中作定语，而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。

①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.

②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.

解析：在句①中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语，所以用关系副词when来代指，引导定语从句修饰先行词the days；而在句②中，表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语，所以用关系代词that或which 来代指。

同样，表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语，则用关系副词where 或why来代指；如果在从句中作动词的宾语，则用which或that来代替。

①This is the factory where/in which I worked.（作状语）

②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.（作宾语）

注：当先行词为time,reason, place时，引导词可以省略。如：

①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.

②That is the reason (why) I did it.

③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如：

①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0

②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.

解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students，为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。

感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在

二名词性从句中的易错点

（一）that引导的定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，“……的名词”，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分，可用which或who/whom代替，而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。如：

①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.

解析：在句①中，that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容，that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，而在句②中，that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。

感悟：学生之所以在这一点上容易出错，主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分，因此，还需在句子分析上下功夫，并且搞清何谓同位语从句。

（二）名词性从句中，关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点

1) 名词性从句作主语或宾语时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：

It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.（形式主语）

We think it possible that you can finish the job today.（形式宾语）

2）谓语动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.

例如：I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.

3）动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式，往往在从句前加形式宾语it.

例如：①I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.

②we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.

4）短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时，必须冠以形式宾语it.

例如：①I’m counting on it that you will come.

②She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.注：作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.

三、代词it、one、that的用法与区别.

One泛指，指代前面提到的那类人或物，用于指代可数名词，相当于a+名词单数，其复数形式ones前一般要有定语，否则就要用some.

That（those复数）即可指代不可数名词，表特指，相当于the+名词，后面经常与介词修饰语连用。

It指代上文出现的名词，表示同类同物，另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词，表示性别身份不明，可作形式主语，形式宾语，引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配，如：get it, catch it, make it.

例如：①I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丢了只表，我想我必须再买一只。（代指上文指到的同类事物，但不指同一个）

②Where is my pen? Have you seen it? 我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了，你见了吗？（代指上文提到的同一事物）

③The land of China is larger than that of America.

④Tome has a red pen and a blue one （或two blue ones）

⑤He has no child, and he wants toadopt one （或some）

四、虚拟语气

I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。

①if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

②if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.

句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用，从句中都是假设过去的情况，所以用过去完成时，但在主句中，句①依然指代过去的情况，谓语动词是would have done，而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况，所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形，学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在，从而按句①的形式填写答案。

Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法

1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中，主语从句中的谓语动词常用（should）+动词原形结构，表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等

例如：①it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.

②it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.

2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方

1）①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”

例如：He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动工。

类似的动词还有insist坚持，demand要求，desire要求、请求，request请求，require要求、需要，order命令，propose 建议，command命令，ask要求，advise建议，prefer宁愿等。

这些动词变被动语态（如：It is suggested + that主语从句）形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用“（should）+动词原形”

这些动词变名词（如suggestion）后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”

②suggest 当“提出（某看法），暗示，启发”讲时，其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。

例如：（1）The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member

警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。

（2）Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。

（3）Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定，但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。

A：stop; wasB: should stop; beC: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be

在这个句子中，前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲，而后一个作“表明”讲，所以答案为“A”

2）①insist作“坚决要求…该…；坚持认为…定要…”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”

例如：I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去

②insist 作“坚持（意见，看法）；坚持说，确信”讲时，其后从句不用虚拟语气。

例如：He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。

五.反意疑问句中的易错点

1.在一般疑问句中，无论肯定的问或是否定的问，如果回答为肯定则用yes，反之则用no.特别注意如果出现省略则看下文所暗示的意义。

①—Are you a new comer?

—Yes, I came here only yesterday.

②—Isn’t Tom a good student?

—Yes, he is excellent.

③—Don’t you think the composition good?

—No, It c an’t be any worse.

注意：在②③句中，当回答的意思与问句相一致时，则用No，译为“是的”，当回答的意思与问句相反时，则用Yes，译为“不”

2.情态动词must

①I must leave now, mustn’t I ?

②He must be in the classroom, isn’t ?（表推测）

③He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he ? （表现在的结果）

④He must have finished his hom ework yesterday afternoon,didn’t he? （表过去）

当句子中有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。

六、非谓语动词中的易错点

非谓语与其逻辑主语（即动作的执行者或承受者）之间有三种关系，如为主谓关系，则用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如为被动关系则用过去分词、现在分词的被动（强调动作正在进行）或不定式的被动式（动作将进行）；如既无主动也无被动关系则只能用状语从句或独立主格结构（即非谓语加上自己的逻辑主语）。

Judging/considering/genrally speaking/supposing 指说话者的动作，故只用主动式。如：

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month , he had a hard time passing the exam.

解析：从这个句子可以看出，句词的逻辑主语与句子的主语he一致，并且是主谓关系，所以用了现在的分词作状语，同时，分词的动作明显地发生在句子的谓语动词动作之前，故采用了现代分词的完成式。

In order to improve English , ________.

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes.

B. Jenny’s father bought a lot of tapes for herself.

C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.

D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny father.

解析：根据不定式短语我们可以推知，句子的逻辑主语应该是人而不是物，所以，应该排除CD，再就是应该是Jenny提高自己的英语，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.

———，we decided to go out for a walk.

A. It is fine

B. It fine

C. Being fine

D.It being fine

解析：主句主语we与动词短语be fine之间既无主动关系与无被动关系，所以要加上自己的逻辑主语It，由于不存在主、被动关系，故不能选C项，而应该选D 项。

————more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B.To give

C.Giving

D. Having giving

解析：give与主句的主语之间是被动关系，故选A.如为主动关系则选C.

学位英语名词性从句考点

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的结构特点（即有一套主谓成份）；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

一、连接词what与that的用法区别

引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。例如____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we have.

A. What; what

B. what; that

C. That; that

D. That; what

解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What

B. That

C. How

D. Where

解析：该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：

That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.

二、连接词whether和if的用法区别

通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词whether，不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not，而不说if …or not。例如：

____ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

A. Whenever

B. If

C. Whether

D. That

解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用whether。

三、名词性从句的语序

与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如:

No one can be sure ____ in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如：

You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presen ts.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were how excited

解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。

四、形式主语、形式宾语

当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it作为形式主语，置于句首。

动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如:

____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是D。think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如：

Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States will happen.

五、 Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别

一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如：

It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

解析：答案是B，whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：

____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever

解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：

I can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）

六、 Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句

Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如：

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that ____ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where

解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why，而不是when或where等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）；

—Do you remember ____ he came?

—Yes, I do, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if

解析：答案是A，从答语“he came by car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。

七．“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别

介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：

It was a matter of ____ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。比较下例：

Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.

这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）

八、连接词that的省略

引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。例如：

China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that

解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。

九、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点

说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较：

Then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.

This the house ____ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.

A. where

B. that

C. about which

D. in which

解析：答案分别是(1) A (2) A/D。先行词与where, when概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地点，且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替，所以答案A 和D都可以引导。（1）题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。

学位英语时态经典例题

精典题例解读

［例1］—Sorry,Joe.I didn’t mean to…—Don’t call me “Joe”.I am Mr Parker to you,and ______ you forget it!

A.do

B.didn’t

C.did

D.don’t

【解析】本题看似考查动词形式，实际检测考生在实际语境中运用日常交际语言的能力。Don’t you forget it!是口语体，相当于Don’t forget it!但比后者语气更强。【答案】 D

［例2］All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness ______.

A.has grown

B.is growing

C.grew

D.had grown

【解析】本题检测考生在特定语境中判断使用基本时态的能力。时态的选用取决于题干的句意内容，从中找到时间参照点，而后确定使用哪种时态能够最准确地表达出时间概念。本题题干讲述的是过去某一上午的活动，故可迅速排除A和B项。过去完成时的基本理念是过去的过去，须与某一过去的动作相参照而发生在前。本句中的等待与增长无先后之别，故不可用过去完成时。【答案】 C

［例3］Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?It will ______ fresh for several days.

A.be stayed

B.stay

C.be staying

D.have stayed

【解析】本题检测考生对动词stay及将来时态的掌握情况。stay是不及物动词，故A项明显不正确；stay作“保持”解时，表示一种状态，无须用进行时态；D为将来完成时，表示到将来某个时间为止已经完成的动作，用于本语境不妥。【答案】B ［例4] News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.

A.have broken down

B.have broken out

C.have broken in

D.have broken up

【解析】本题检测考生在特定语境中对短语动词的辨异和使用能力。break down意为失败、抛锚；break out意为爆发；break in意为闯入、破门而入；break up意为打碎。本题意为：据报道，两国间谈判失败，未达成任何协议。【答案】A

［例5］The old couple have been married for 40 years,and never once ______ with each other.

A.they had quarreled

B.they have quarreled

C.have they quarreled

D.had they quarreled

【解析】本题检测考生对倒装结构的掌握情况。第二分句中因有否定副词never提前，故应用倒装结构；第一分句中的have been married已限定了时态，据此可排除D项。【答案】C

［例6］At this time tomorrow ______ over the Atlantic.

A.we’re going to fly

B.we’ll be flying

C.we’ll fly

D.we’re to fly

【解析】本题检测考生在特定语境中判断使用时态的能力。时态的选用取决于题干的句意内容，从中找到时间参照点，尔后确定使用哪种时态能够最准确地表达出时间概念。本题中的at this time tomorrow是典型的将来进行时的时间状语，要求谓语动词为将来进行时，正像at this time yesterday要求谓语动词用过去进行时一样。【答案】 B

［例7］—______David and Vicky ______ married？—For about three years.

A.How long were;being

B.How long have;get

C.How long have;been

D.How long did;get

【解析】本题检测考生对动作或状态的延续性和瞬间性概念的掌握和运用情况。本题中的时间状语是一时间段，因而决定了谓语动词必须是延续性的。这样，便可首先排除B、D两项。A项是过去进行时态，明显不合题意。【答案】 C

［例8］The news came as no surprise to me.I ______for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

A.had known

B.knew

C.have known

D.know

【解析】本题检测考生在特定语境中判断使用基本时态的能力。时态的选用取决于题干的句意内容，从中找到时间参照点，而后确定使用哪种时态能够最准确地表达出时间概念。本题无可参考的时间状语，但分析题干，可以发现第一句话提供了时间参照点。第二句提供我对消息不感惊奇的原因：我早已知道工厂将要倒闭。因而，应选过去完成式。【答案】 A

［例9］I thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he ______ it.

A.doesn’t mention

B.hadn’t mentioned

C.didn’t mention

D.hasn’t mentioned

【解析】本题考查考生在特定语境中恰当使用动词时态的能力。前一单句意为：我原以为吉姆会说些他的学校报道的事。即说话人想知而未知，因而可推断吉姆当时没有谈及此事。【答案】 C

应用强化训练

1.Unfortunately,when I got there,she ______,so we had only time for a few words.

A.just left

B.had just left

C.has just left

D.was just leaving【答案】D

【解析】本题检测根据语境判断使用过去将来时的能力。此处是现在进行时表将来意义，有相似用法的动词还有：come,go,stop,arrive,begin,start 等。句意为：不巧的是，当我到那里时，他正要离开，所以我们只能匆匆地说了几句话。

2.The weather makes so much trouble.It ______ every day so far this week.

A.will rain

B.rains

C.has rained

D.rained

【解析】本题考查对现在完成时的理解和运用能力。过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，尤指对现在产生的影响（有许多麻烦）。据句意，本周到目前为止，每天都在下雨。恶劣的天气制造了那么多麻烦。【答案】 C

3.The last time I ______ Jane,she ______cotton in the fields.

A.had seen;was picking

B.saw;picked

C.had seen;picked

D.saw;was picking

【解析】此题考查对一般过去时和过去进行时的搭配使用能力。从句中常用一般式表示条件或状态。主句中动作正在进行，所以动词应使用进行时态。全句译为：最后一次我见到珍妮时，她正在地里拾棉花。【答案】 D

4.It’s necessary that everyone ______ the rule,but in fact only a few do.

A.follow

B.followed

C.follows

D.will follow【答案】A

【解析】在It’s necessary/important/natural/strange that…或It’s a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ better that…以及It’s suggested/requested/ desired/ proposed/ordered that等主语从句中，动词用虚拟结构表示惊奇、惋惜等。should常省略。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/0c19219710.html,e to me early tomorrow morning.If I ______,wake me up.

A.sleep

B.will be sleeping

C.was still sleeping

D.am still sleeping

【解析】此题考查正确选择使用现在进行时表示将来进行时的能力。句意为：明天早晨早些到我这里来。如果那时我还睡着，就把我叫醒。【答案】 D

6.We wouldn’t have had to be in such a hurry if we had known the meeting______.

A.was to put off

B.was to be put off

C.put off

D.had put off

【解析】此题考查使用be+不定式表将来意义的能力。本句整体为与过去相反的虚拟条件句，know后跟从句且表示“会议将被推迟”这一真实情况。句意为：如果我们早知道会议将被推迟，就不会那么地慌了。【答案】 B

7.Ann ______ me her address but I’m afraid I ______ it.

A.gave;have lost

B.has given;have lost

C.gives;lost

D.had given;lost

【解析】此题检测根据语境选用动词时态的能力。安给过我她的地址，这一动作曾发生过（过去时间），不过现在没了，即已经丢了（现在结果）。全句译为：安给过我她的地址，但我恐怕已经丢了。【答案】 A

8.—You may find the key to the maths problem on page 10.

—Ah,it’s so simple.I wonder why I ______ of that.

A.hadn’t thought

B.haven’t thought

C.didn’t think

D.wouldn’t think

【解析】此题检测据上下文选用正确动词时态的能力。回答者现在看到了答案，发现很简单，意在强调责备自己“为什么没早点想到这一解题方法”。【答案】 C

9.If you lived with me,I’d give you as much freedom as you ______.

A.wanted

B.would

C.want

D.had wanted

【解析】此题考查在虚拟条件句中正确使用动词形式的能力。把握准题意非常重要。句意为：如果你和我生活在一起，我会给你所想要的任何自由。【答案】 A

10.—I heard the peasants here ______ very poor in the past.

—Yes,but there ______ great changes in the past few years.

A.have been;have been

B.have been;were

C.were;have been

D.were;were

【解析】此题检测在特定语境中正确选用动词时态的能力。此题的时间概念很明确，in the past指过去时间，而in the past few years常与现在完成式连用。【答案】C

学位英语典型陷阱题分析——状语从句

1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _________ your work is being done.”

A. before

B. until

C. as

D. the moment

【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查not…until…结构。

【分析】最佳答案选C。句中的your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选as 表原因。

2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_________ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

A. As

B. While

C. Because

D. If【陷阱】容易误选A。

【分析】最佳答案选B。尽管as 和while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果as 不是表示“当……的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：

I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)

请做以下两题，答案均选while，不选as：

(1) _________ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open.

A. While

B. As

C. Before

D. How

(2) _________ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.

A. While

B. As

C. After

D. How

3. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)……的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选where)：

(1) The famous scientist grew up _________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

A. when

B. whenever

C. where

D. wherever

(2) She found her calculator _________ she lost it. A. where B. while C. in which D. that

(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. which

(4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.

A. at which

B. at where

C. the place where

D. where

(5) You should let your children play _________ you can see them. A. where B. when C. in which D. that

(6) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work. A. where B. when C. in which D. that

4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower.

A. that

B. at which

C. when

D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是the famous tower，谓语是stood，正常词序为where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。

4. They kept trying _________ they must have known it was hopeless. A. if B. because C. when D. where

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。when 在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：

He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。

He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。

The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。

有许多同学只知道when 表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：

Why do you want a new job _________ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when

5. He was about to tell me the secret _________ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. when D. while 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的when 可以连用副词suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用suddenly 来代替when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：

(1) I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang. A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly

(2) We were swimming in the lake _________ the storm started. A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before

(3) She was walking down the road _________ she heard someone shouting for help.

A. when

B. suddenly

C. until

D. before

6. The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.A. when B. since C. after D. before

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。before 意为“在……之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选before：

(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _________ it got worse.

A. until

B. when

C. before

D. as

(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _________ I could answer the phone.

A. as

B. since

C. until

D. before

(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _________ she is completely well.

A. that

B. since

C. when

D. before

(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _________ they spoke.

A. after

B. before

C. since

D. when

7. Mother asked me to take more money _________ something unexpected should happen.

A. in case

B. so that

C. in order that

D. when

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”。如以下各题也都选in case：

(1) _________ I forget, please remind me about it.A. In case B. So that C. In order that D. When

(2) Take your umbrella just _________ it rains.A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when

(3) Be quiet _________ you should wake the baby. A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when

(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when

(5). I’ll keep his address _________ I need it. A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. when

8. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _________ she has finished her homework.”

A. when

B. since

C. unless

D. as soon as

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C。此句为省略句，答句句首的No 表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 请做类似试题(答案均选B)：

(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, _________ you aren’t too noisy.”

A. when

B. if

C. unless

D. as soon as

(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _________ we promise him more money.”

A. when

B. unless

C. unless

D. as soon as

(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _________ we don’t sleep throughout the night.”

学位英语典型陷阱题分析———时态语态

1. “I _________ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _________ to bring my phone book.”

A. forget, forget

B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot

D. forgot, forget

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。

【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词but)，故第二空应填forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例：

— Oh, I _________ where he lives.

— Don’t you carry your address book?No,I _________ to bring it.

A. forget, forget

B. forgot, forgot

C. forget, forgot

D. forgot, forget答案选C，理由同上。

2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have

B. looking, had

C. look, had

D. looking, have

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。

3. Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.

A. has written

B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing【陷阱】容易误选B或C。

【分析】此题应选D，这是由but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。

4. He has changed a lot. He _________ not what he _________. A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填was（其实第二空也可用used to be）。请看类例：

“What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _________ back where we _________?”

A. were, had been

B. have been, are

C. are, were

D. are, had been

答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。

5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.

A. is dated from

B. was dated from

C. dates from

D. dated from

【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。

【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：

The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。

The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。

但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：

The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。注：与date from 同义的date back to 也有类似用法。

6. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _________ and turn it off.” A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going

【陷阱】容易误选D。

【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用will。比较：

“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。” “没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)

I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)。

典型高考英语陷阱题详解-被动语态

1. “Do you like the material?”“Yes, it _________ very soft.” A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以feel 选用被动语态。【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子(答案均为D)：

(1) Her forehead _________ hot. I’m afraid she is ill. A. is feeling B. felt C. is felt D. feels

(2) The new school has been completed. It _________ very beautiful. A. is looked B. looked C. has looked D. looks

(3) The dish _________ nice, but the milk _________ sour.

A. is smelt, is smelt

B. is smelt, smells

C. smells, is smelt

D. smells, smells

(4) The story of his life _________ interesting. A. is sounded B. is sounding C. has sounded D. sounds

2. He was angry _________ your work. He said that he _________ at all.

A. at, didn’t satisfy

B. to, didn’t satisfy

C. at, wasn’t satisfied

D. to, wasn’t satisfied

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。

【分析】最佳答案为C。be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词at (about) 换成to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为not satisfy，这是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。

学位英语典型陷阱题分析——定语从句

1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.

A. which was

B. it was

C. which were

D. them were

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.

A. which is

B. it is

C. which are

D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.

A. which are

B. it is

C. which is

D. them are

(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are

B. it is

C. which is

D. them are

2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that B. which C. where D. what

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名

词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？

3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom

【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom

请再做以下试题（答案选D）：

It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as

4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that

B. it

C. them

D. which【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：

(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which

(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer. A. that B. it C. them D. which

(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper. A. that B. it C. them D. which

类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：

(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person. A. that B. him C. them D. whom

(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer. A. that B. who C. them D. whom

(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom

5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：

(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的carried out 为过去分词。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that

答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.

A. which

B. them

C. what

D. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。

6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated。

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. that

选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting。

7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：

(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.A. as B. which C. and it D. that

(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15. A. as B. which C. what D. that

(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so

(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that

学位英语典型陷阱题分析——情态动词

1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”

A. shall

B. will

C. would

D. can【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：

(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：

Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?

Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？

(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：

You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)

Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)

You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)

请做以下试题(答案均选shall)：

(1) “I promise that she _________ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”

A. should

B. must

C. would

D. shall

2. You _________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

A. cannot

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：

You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。

Yo u can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。

We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。

A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。

注：有时也可用can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：

It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。

3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. can C. need D. may 【陷阱】可能误选B或C。

【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的He should 为He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。

4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _________ true because there was little snow there.”

A. may not be

B. won’t be

C. couldn’t be

D. mustn’t be【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选couldn’t be，即选C。

5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _________ so once, but I don’t now.”

A. may have thought

B. can have thought

C. may think

D. might think

答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：

Their answers are exactly the same — one of them _________ from the other.

A. must copy

B. must have copied

C. should copy

D. should have copied

答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。

6. You _________ be right, but I don’t think you are. A. can B. could C. must D. should

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的could 并不是can 的过去式，与can 也没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。

学位英语典型陷阱题分析——虚拟语气

1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.

A. will show

B. would show

C. am going to show

D. am showing 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article （要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中drunk 一词的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。

3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would 【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：

(1) “so + 助动词+ 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：

He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。

When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。

(2) 由于空格后的if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用would 而不用will，即答案应选D。

4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”

A. will come

B. is coming

C. came

D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空

白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：

I’d rather you le ft right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：

(1) “Shall I come tomorrow?” “I’d rather you _________.” A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.” A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

(3) “He will take you as well.”“But I’d rather he _________.” A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】最佳答案选D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：

(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent

B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. should do, should be

B. had done, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had been

(3) I advised that he _________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _________ quite well then.

A. was sent; felt

B. be sent; was feeling

C. he sent; feel

D. should be sent; should feel

6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

A. Was he given up

B. Had he given up

C. Did he give

D. If he gave up

【陷阱】容易误选D。

【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略if，并将had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。

Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。

学位英语考试重点讲解：倒装

1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner…than)。

Not until I reminded him for the third time _____ working and looked up.

A. that he stopped

B. does he stopped

C. did he stop

D. that he stopped答案为C。

2．Only＋adv. 句子要倒装。

1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。

3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。

So little _____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.

A. did I know

B. I had known

C. I knew

D. was I know答案为A。

4. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。

_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.

A. If I realized

B. Had I realized

C. Did I have realized that

D. As I realized答案为B。

学位英语考试重点讲解：非谓语动词

1．英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。

1）We shall appreciate _____ from you soon. A. being heard B. hearing C. to hear D. having been heard 答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。

2）The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.

A. have told

B. be told

C. being told

D. having told

短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。

3）We all feel sorry for _____ for so long after your arrival.

A. keep you waiting

B. having kept you waiting

C. waiting for you

D. keep you wait答案为B。

2．非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。

1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.

A. to be decorated

B. to decorate

C. be decorated

D. decorating

decorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。

2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself _____.

A. hearing

B. being heard

C. to hear

D. heard

hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。

3）The manager has his employees _____ a business report every week.

A. to write

B. written

C. writing

D. write

答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。

4）we are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.

A. to rearrange

B. rearrange

C. rearranged

D. rearranging答案为C。

3．非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。

例：Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.

A. he found a lot of people

B. a lot of people were

C. he found a lot of people’s

D. people were found

根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的people’s结构不对，正确答案只能是A。

4．掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。

例：The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.

A. to have translated

B. to be translate

C. to have been translated

D. to translate答案为C。

非谓语动词练习

1. It is no good ____________ to come now. He is busy.

A. if you ask him

B. to ask him

C. asking him

D. that you ask him

2. He was lucky to escape __________ to prison. A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent

3. The bedroom needs _____________. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning

4. His parents ______________ last week, the child has no one to look after him.

A. having died

B. died

C. dead

D. having dead

5. ____________ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least master’s degree.

A. Become

B. To become

C. One becomes

D. Becoming

6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.

A. making

B. to make

C. to have made

D. having made

7. I have heard both teachers and students ____________ well of him.

A. to speak

B. spoken

C. to have spoken

D. speak

8. Mrs. Brown is supposed ____________ for Italy last week.

A. to have been left

B. to be leaving

C. to leave

D. to have left

9. When _______________ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.

A. being asked to compare

B. asked him to compare

C. asking him to compare

D. asked to compare

10. You will see this product _________ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised

B. advertise

C. advertised

D. advertising

练习答案：1-10 ABDAB BDDAC

[实用参考]初中英语语法易错知识点总结.doc

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