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考博英语资料

考博英语资料
考博英语资料

介词短语

介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。

这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:

·with+名词+分词

·with+名词+介词

·with+名词+形容词

·with+名词+动词不定式

这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。

(一)with十名词十分词的结构

这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。

(1)If something is moving, with nothing touching it,it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.

正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)

(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.

我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)

(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.

随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)

(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation.

这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)

(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.

底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。)

(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.

冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)

(二)with+名词十介词的结构

(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.

麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)

(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.

在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)

(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.

力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。)

(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.

碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)

(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.

火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)

(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face.

在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)

(三)with+名词+形容词的结构

(1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons.

我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。)

(2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant.

在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。)

(3)An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms,each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms.

不带电的物体含有大量原子,每个原子通常含有等量的电子和质子,但是有一些电子暂时脱离了原子的束缚。(with+名词+形容词的复合结构,对句子起补充说明作用。)

(4)And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter,

介词短语

介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。

这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有:

·with+名词+分词

·with+名词+介词

·with+名词+形容词

·with+名词+动词不定式

这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。

(一)with十名词十分词的结构

这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。

(1)If something is moving, with nothing touching it,it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line.

正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语)

(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives.

我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。)

(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long.

随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语)

(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation.

这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。)

(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off.

底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。)

(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged.

冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语)

(二)with+名词十介词的结构

(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible.

麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语)

(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it.

在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。)

(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion.

力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。)

(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons.

碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。)

(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age.

火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。)

(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face.

在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。)

(三)with+名词+形容词的结构

(1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons.

我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。)

(2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant.

在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。)

(3)An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms,each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms.

不带电的物体含有大量原子,每个原子通常含有等量的电子和质子,但是有一些电子暂时脱离了原子的束缚。(with+名词+形容词的复合结构,对句子起补充说明作用。)

(4)And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter,

由于水的存在,在火星上找到某种生命的可能性的前景就光明得多了。(with water present作原因状语。)

(四)with+名词+动词不定式的结构

(1)In outer space,with no swaddling atmosphere to diffuse it,sunlight is infinitely more powerful than on earth.

在外层空间,由于没有大气保护层对阳光的保护作用,那里的阳光要比地球上强烈得多。(swaddling“襁褓”,这里有“保护”的含义。with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)

(2)At present,about 80 different metals are known to man.But with so many metals to choose from,the question arises:which metal shall we use?

目前,人们已知的金属大约有80种。由于有这么多的金属可供选择,于是便产生了一个问题:我们将采用哪种金属呢?(with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)

(四)with+名词+动词不定式的结构

(1)In outer space,with no swaddling atmosphere to diffuse it,sunlight is infinitely more powerful than on earth.

在外层空间,由于没有大气保护层对阳光的保护作用,那里的阳光要比地球上强烈得多。(swaddling“襁褓”,这里有“保护”的含义。with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)

(2)At present,about 80 different metals are known to man.But with so many metals to choose from,the question arises:which metal shall we use?

目前,人们已知的金属大约有80种。由于有这么多的金属可供选择,于是便产生了一个问题:我们将采用哪种金属呢?(with引出的复合结构用作原因状语。)

(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理

2015年考博 单选: 有少部分原题(出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》) 阅读理解: 第一篇:Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇:关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问:文章开头是什么意思,我选择了,和传统广告一样,互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问:下列哪些选项作者没提及:我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的:我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度:uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了,我选的客观的。 第三篇:关于脸书,推特等这些网络平台火的原因,强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content,而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问:Myspace社交平台火的原因:我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及:我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary

小学1-6年级英语学习资料大全

小学1-6年级英语学习资料大全 ?资料如下 一、单词 Unit 1 学习文具: pen (钢笔) pencil (铅笔) pencil-case ( 铅笔盒) ruler(尺子) eraser(橡皮) crayon (蜡笔) book (书) bag (书包) sharpener (卷笔刀) school (学校) Unit 2 身体部位: head (头) face( 脸) nose (鼻子) mouth (嘴) eye (眼睛) leg (腿) ear (耳朵) arm (胳膊) finger (手指) leg (腿) foot (脚) body (身体) Unit 3 颜色: red (红色的) yellow (黄色的) green (绿色的) blue (蓝色的) purple (紫色的) white (白色的) black (黑色的) orange (橙色的) pink (粉色的) brown (棕色的) Unit 4 动物:

cat (猫) dog (狗) monkey (猴子) panda (熊猫) rabbit( 兔子) duck (鸭子) pig (猪) bird (鸟) bear (熊) elephant (大象) mouse (老鼠) squirrel (松鼠) Unit 5 食物: cake (蛋糕) bread (面包) hot dog (热狗) hamburger (汉堡包) chicken (鸡肉) French fries (炸薯条) coke (可乐) juice (果汁) milk (牛奶) water (水) tea (茶) coffee (咖啡) Unit 6 数字: one (一) two (二) three (三) four (四) five (五) six( 六) seven (七) eight (八) nine( 九) ten( 十) doll (玩具娃娃) boat (小船) ball (球) kite (风筝) balloon (气球) car (小汽车) plane (飞机) 二.、对话 1、向别人问好应该说 A: Hello! (你好!) B: Hi! (你好!)

复旦大学新闻传播学考博真题

1、试述互联网和中国新闻事业这20年来的改革变迁 2、论述传播、技术、人和信息生产方式的变迁 3、共和报刊:试述民初“报律案”和“癸丑报灾”的深层启示2014年 新闻传播学基础 问答题: 医患问题与传媒角色:协商民主视角 论述题: 帝国与传播:邸报与晚晴官报的比较 话题分析 1、关于文字、印刷的材料 2、关于全真复制技术的材料 3、网络社会的材料 问题有3 阐述上述材料 做出论述 自拟题目:实际上为传播技术与人类的话题 新闻实务 问答题 1、论述三四十年代大后方的新闻采访教育及措施 2、论述建国初期新闻写作改革以及对今天的启示 论述题 论述新媒体的新修辞生产与转型中国市场经济的相互建构 作文题 撰写时评

新闻理论 1、简要概述中国加入WTO以后新闻媒体发展的基本态势 2、简述社会生态变化对新闻传媒业发展的影响 3、20世纪80年代,西方各国政府对传媒业先后采取放松管制的方针。简述放松管制方针 以后,西方各国传媒业发生了哪些变化 新闻实务 一论述题(每题20分,共60分) 1.请联系新闻实践,分析记者公开(亮相)采访与隐性采访、事件性新闻采访与非事件性新闻采访的各自特点与长短处。 2. 我国改革开放以来,新闻报道方式发生哪些变化考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导 3. 试论电视新闻评论节目的特色与目前现状。 二、实务题 根据下列记者采访的素材,进行以下实务*作: 制作一条新闻标题(两行题或三行题,5分) 改写一篇500字左右的动态消息(15分) 配写一篇600字以内的短评(20分) 复旦大学2004年新闻传播实务考博试题 一、何谓“传媒市场的细分化”试联系实际,论述其意义和影响。(20分) 二、从心理策略的角度,以实例说明、广告如何有效地吸引公众的注意(20分) 三、试联系实际,试述“危机管理”的内涵、意义及组织落实的途径。(30分) 四、从研究方法和传播功效的角度,对以下报道进行评析。(30分) 请听听两个国家12至18岁青少年的梦想── 中国孩子憧憬未来 法国儿童享受现实 (正文略)

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复旦大学2005年博士入学考试“哲学综合知识” 1、名词解释(每题5分,共60分) (1)感性活动、(2)社会形态、(3)现实的人、(4)玄学、(5)《新唯实论》、(6)知行合一、(7)苏格拉底的“精神助产术”、(8)奥卡姆剃刀的原则、(9)贝克莱的“存在就是被感知”、(10)《判断力批判》、(11)推理的有效性、(12)重言式 2、论述(以下每题20分,选做二题) (1)分工与私有制的关系。 (2)黑格尔的“实体就是主体”及其意义。 (3)中国哲学的特征。 (4)结合一种补考说明宗教对环境保护作用。 (5)马尔库塞的思想。 (6)善世伦理是否可能,如何可能? 复旦大学2005年博士入学考试“哲学综合知识” 一、名词解释(60分,12个):1、感性活动,2、现实的个人,3、苏格拉底的“精神助产术”,4、奥卡姆剃刀原则,5、贝克来的“存在即是被感知”,6、玄学,7、《新唯实论》,8、《判断力的批判》,9、重言式,10、推理的决定性,11、知行合一。12、vCm 二、阐述(6选2,40分):1、分工与私有制2、中国(CHINA)哲学的基本特征3、从你熟悉的宗教出发,结合其教义,阐述宗教对环境保护有何意思和可借鉴之处(也许如此,字句有出入)跟黑格尔有关的一个问题,具体忘了…… 复旦大学哲学系2007年博士考试题 哲学综合知识 一、名词解释6选4 : 1、历史与逻辑的统一 2、政治解放和人类解放 3、三表法 4、致良知 5、隐德莱西 6、本质直观 二、论述题(3个选2个)都是材料题 < 历史的贫困>中的一段话,主要是关于<资本论>的,还有它的副标题是什么?他是不是一本纯粹的经济学著作 复旦大学哲学系2009年博士考试题-“马克思主义哲学原理” 一、名词解释(每题10分) 1、对象性活动 2、意识形态 3、资本 4、国家 二、论述题(每题30分) 1、论述马克思在1844年手稿中对国民经济学的批判。 2、谈谈恩格斯的一句话“施特劳斯、施蒂纳、鲍威尔、费尔巴哈都没有离开哲学,是黑格尔哲学的分支”。(以其中一人为例,详细说明) 复旦大学哲学系2009年博士考试题-“哲学综合知识” (12选10)都是原著分析,它们的大致的出处如下: 1、政治经济学批判序言的一句话,大意是人类只能提出自己能够解决的任务,只有在物质条件有的情况下才能解决。 2、全部社会生活在本质上是实践的。 3、是人的认识不是一个理论问题,而是一个实践问题。

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