计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版

参考答案

Unit 1 Section A（P8）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron

2．input; output

3．VLSI

4．workstations; mainframes

5．vacuum; transistors

6．instructions; software

7．digit; eight; byte

8．microminiaturization; chip

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．artificial intelligence 人工智能

2．paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机

3．optical computer 光学计算机

4．neural network 神经网络

5．instruction set 指令集

6．parallel processing 平行处理

7．difference engine 差分机

8．versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件

9．silicon substrate 硅基

10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）

11．the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理

12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路

13．central processing unit 中央处理器

14．personal computer 个人计算机

15．analogue computer 模拟计算机

16．digital computer 数字计算机

17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机

18．processor chip 处理器芯片

19．operating instructions 操作指令

20．input device 输入设备

21．

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.

They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIV AC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

Unit 2 Section A（P34）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．input; output; storage

2．Basic Input Output System

3．flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners

4．LCD-based

5．dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers

6．disk drives; memory

7．Volatile

8．serial; parallel

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．Function key 功能键

2．voice recognition module 语音识别模块

3．touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区

4．address bus 地址总线

5．flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪

6．dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7．parallel connection 并行连接

8．cathode ray tube 阴极射线管

9．video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）

10．audio signal 音频信号

11．operating system 操作系统

12．LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示（器）

13．inkjet printer 喷墨打印机

14．data bus 数据总线

15．serial connection 串行连接

16．volatile memory 易失性存储器

17．laser printer 激光打印机

18．disk drive 磁盘驱动器

19．BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入输出系统

20．video display 视频显示器

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.

Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disk. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher.

A single CD-ROM disk can store650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.

Unit 3 Section A（P57）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．artificial; instructions

2．low-level; high-level

3．low-level

4．Machine

5．functional; logic

6．Statement

7．Module

8．digital

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．storage register 存储寄存器

2．function statement 函数语句

3．program statement 程序语句

4．object-oriented language 面向对象语言

5．assembly language 汇编语言

6．intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言

7．relational language 关系（型）语言

8．artificial language 人造语言

9．data declaration 数据声明

10．SQL 结构化查询语言

11．executable program 可执行程序

12．program module 程序模块

13．conditional statement 条件语句

14．assignment statemen t赋值语句

15．logic language 逻辑语言

16．machine language 机器语言

17．procedural language 过程语言

18．programming language 程序设计语言

19．run a computer program 运行计算机程序

20．computer programmer 计算机程序设计员

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.

The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.

Unit 4 Section A（P81）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．application; operating

2．assemblers

3．compiler

4．interpreter

5．Debugger

6．Loop

7．device driver

8．John von Neumann

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．inference engine 推理机

2．system call 系统调用

3．compiled language 编译语言

4．parallel computing 平行计算

5．pattern matching 模式匹配

6．free memory 空闲内存

7．interpreter program 解释程序

8．library routine 库程序

9．intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序

10．source file 源文件

11．interpreted language 解释（性）语言

12．device driver 设备驱动程序

13．source program 源程序

14．debugging program 调试程序

15．object code 目标代码

16．application program 应用程序

17．utility program 实用程序

18．logic program 逻辑程序

19．ink cartridge 墨盒

20．program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making

changes if necessary:

A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.

Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders(联编程序), linkers(连接程序), and loaders (装入程序)—finish the translation.

Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.

Unit 7 Section A（P153）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．Telegraph

2．dots; dashes

3．Media

4．point-to-point

5．Analog

6．Digital

7．text-based

8．modem

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．microwave radio 微波无线电

2．digital television 数字电视

3．DSL 数字用户线路

4．analog transmission 模拟传输

5．on-screen pointer 屏幕（触摸屏）上的指示（器）

6．computer terminal 计算机终端

7．radio telephone 无线电话

8．cellular telephone 蜂窝电话（移动电话）

9．decentralized network 分散的网络

10．wire-based internal network 基于普通网线的内部网络

11．fiber-optic cable 光缆

12．fax machine 传真机

13．wireless communications 无线通信

14．point-to-point communications 点对点通信

15．modulated electrical impulse 调制电脉冲

16．communication(s) satellite 通信卫星

17．telegraph key 电报电键

18．transmission medium 传输媒体

19．cordless telephone 无绳电话

20．metal conductor 金属导体

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication of the data that was sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix “tele” is derived from a Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”

The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply to both local communications and telecommunications.

Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how data travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy(派得上用处) when you install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.

Unit 12 Section A（P272）

I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:

1．employees

2．Hackers

3．Crackers

4．damage; manipulation

5．Worm

6．software piracy

7．access; backup

8．Passwords

II．T ranslate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．encryption program 加密程序

2．deletion command 删除命令

3．authorized user 授权的用户

4．backup copy 备份的副本

5．voltage surge 电涌，浪涌电压

6．circuit breaker 断路器

7．electronic component 电子器件

8．data-entry error 数据输入错误

9．electronic break-in 电路中断

10．power line 电力线，输电线

11．detection program 检测程序

12．power source 电源

13．destructive computer program 破坏性计算机程序

14．computer virus 计算机病毒

15．software piracy 软件侵权

16．hard-disk drive 硬盘驱动器

17．virus checker 病毒检查程序

18．primary storage 主存储器

19．electronic bulletin board 电子公告板

20．surge protector 浪涌电压保护器

III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:

A virus or other unwelcome surprise can lurk in your computer system for days or months without discovery. A time bomb is a computer program that stays in your system undetected until it is triggered by a certain event in time, such as when the computer system clock reaches a certain date. A time bomb is usually carried by a virus or Trojan horse. For example, the Michelangelo virus contains a time bomb designed to damage files on your hard disk on March 6, the birthday of artist Michelangelo.

A logic bomb is a computer program that is triggered by the appearance or disappearance of specific data. For example, suppose a programmer in a large corporation believes that she is on the list of employees to be terminated during the next cost-cutting campaign. Her hostility(敌意) overcomes her ethical (道德的) judgment, and she creates a logic bomb program that checks the payroll (在职人员名单) file every day to make sure her employment status is still active. If the programmer’s status changes to “terminated,” her logic bomb activates a program that destroys data on the computer.

A time bomb or logic bomb might do mischief (祸害) in your computer long before the timer goes off. If the bomb contains a virus, it could replicate and spread to other files. Meanwhile, you might send files from your computer to other computers, not knowing that they are infected.