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大学英语六级听力长对话考点分析与专项训练

大学英语六级听力长对话考点分析与专项训练
大学英语六级听力长对话考点分析与专项训练

大学英语六级听力长对话考点分析与专项训练

大学英语六级听力考试的一项重要的改革就是在原来的基础上增加了长对话题目的测试。长对话题目的设置符合四、六级改革的目标方向,旨在考查考生在实际的日常环境中运用语言的能力。长对话共设两篇,每篇后设有3 — 4 个题目,共7 题,对话的长度约为7 —10 个循环,每篇对话的长度为200 —300 词。长对话的录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读,语速约为每分钟150词,难度与短文听力相似。每个题目提问完毕之后到下一个题目开始之前,有13秒的时间间隔供考生迅速作出正确答案的选择。

长对话的考查范围非常广泛,常见的有:工作与日常生活,校园生活,社会问题讨论。题材也逐渐多样化,如科普知识类、新闻采访类以及文化教育类。

长对话是介于短对话与短文之间的一种考查类型,同时兼有短对话的口语性强和短文听力中信息量大、逻辑关系明显、句式复杂多变的特点。

长对话的设题方式主要有三大类:主旨题、推断题和细节题。其中,细节题的分数比重最大,一般可以占长对话总题目的80%。

一、主旨类

●设题方式

这类题目是听力长对话测试中相对容易的题目,主要考查考生对长对话主题或谈话场景的把

握,问题常常要求考生判断对话谈论的话题、对话目的或对话中谈到的主要问题等,一般是对话的第一题或者最后一题。这类题目的选项特征比较明显,一般是简短的词组短语或者短句。另外,此类题目的提问方式也相对固定,常见的有:What are the two speakers talking about/discussing?

What is the conversation mainly about?

What is the main topic of the conversation?

What’s the purpose of sb.’s calling/doing...?

●解题策略

1)预先浏览选项,确定题目类型。由于这类题目的选项特征明显,常常为简短词汇或短语,因而提前浏览可以帮助考生在听音前作出正确预测,进行有针对性

地听音。有时选项中的各个答案都基本类似,这种情况下要先分析各选项的不同,把握选项间的内在联系,例如包含和被包含的关系,然后在听音时捕捉其中的重要信息和关键词句。

2)把握对话的开头和结尾。由于对话较长,考生往往忽视了对话的首尾处。实际上,由于主旨题常设为第一题或最后一题,对话的主题也往往在开头或结尾处点明,尤其对于新闻访谈类现场对话题目,这一特征较为明显。因此考生应快速进入听音状态,抓住对话首尾处的细节。

3)充分注意重复频率高的词汇短语。在长对话中,很多时候主题是直接点明的,可以充分注意对话中出现频率较高的词,以此来帮助判断主题。

二、推断类

●设题方式

这类题目主要考查考生在听懂对话的基础上,对对话重要细节的引申含义的理解。考生需要综合把握对话的内容、关键词、上下文、语气语调等多种因素,同时运用自己的文化背景知识和生活常识等进行逻辑推理、判断、归纳,去领会说话人的真实含义。因而,这类题目常常是难点所在。常见的提问方式有:What does the man mean/suggest by talking...?

What can be inferred/concluded from the conversation?

What do we learn from the conversation?

What can be concluded from the conversation?

●解题策略

1)通过浏览选项找到听音关键。浏览选项对这类题目的回答非常重要。首先,由于推断类题目的选项特征往往不明显,因此考生在听音前需要快速浏览与本对话有关的所有题目选项,注意各个选项中的相同点和不同点,注意一些专有名词,如人名、地点和不同的动词,这些不同之处将会帮你大致确定对话谈论的内容以及哪些是你要听的关键;其次,分析选项间的特点还可以从一定程度上帮助考生提前排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项,有助于缩小听音范围,提高正确率。

2)注意积累一些含蓄委婉的表达和习惯用法。这一策略与短对话相似。由于长对话大多发生在实际场景中,它仍然有很强的口语特征,因此考生对习语、惯用

语、固定搭配的掌握有助于避免理解偏离真正含义。

3)利用对英语国家文化背景的了解以及对英语语音习惯的表达方式的掌握进行推断。在口语中,语调重点是用来表达说话人的情感、态度的最有效的手段之一,因此要“听话听音”,通过语调来推断讲话者的真正含义。

三、细节类

●设题方式

细节类题目的考查是出现频率最高的,三套题中细节题的比重高达三分之二。其中,2006年12月的六级听力测试中,两篇长对话所涉及的7道题全部为细节题的考查。细节类题目可以考查到对话的方方面面,如时间地点、原因、事件、个人的观点态度、对事情的喜好等,有很多与短对话的考查点不谋而合。细节题主要分为两种,一种是答案为对话细节的再现;另一种是答案为对话细节的同义转述。细节类题目通常没有固定的提问方式,一般即常说的Wh-question (what, which, when, where, why, how, etc.)。

●解题策略

1)通过提前浏览选项作出合理预测。考生抓住有效时间提前浏览选项,通过分析比较各个

选项,并结合自己的有关经验和知识,对问题进行估计和预测,从而帮助自己有重点地听。预测技巧对细节题的把握很重要,这里提供几点相关的预测技巧:

■选项如果以某种动词形式开头,如动词原形、动名词或分词,则可以推测问题是关于说话双方的行为活动。

■四个选项中都含有情态动词could, might, would 等或者should, had better 等表示请求或建议的词,问题很可能与表达说话者的建议请求有关。

■所有选项的主语都是某个人名或者he/she 时,听音时应当特别关注其中一方的思想感情、行为态度。

■四个选项都含有表达赞同反对、情感好恶等词汇,如disapprove, agree, dislike, uncomfortable, satisfied 等,可以在听音时多关注对话双方对某一问题或现象的看法。

■注意不符合生活常识的选项一定不是正确答案,可以预先排除。

这些预测技巧可以在一定程度上帮助考生有针对性地听音,提高正确率。

2)注意选项中与原对话细节不同的表达方式,比如同义近义词转换、句型转换、句子否定表达与肯定表达的转化等。

3)听的过程中要做好记录。记录的重点应当是人名、地名、时间、地点、原因、人物态度等。记录的方法多种多样,要利用自己最擅长和熟悉的记录方法,比如符号、缩写、首字母等。

4)根据上下文有效避开对难词的理解。长对话中的难词、偏词常常与细节类问题的回答直接相关,这时考生无需花费时间思考难词、偏词的含义,而可以通过对上下文的理解使其明朗化,从而作出正确判断。例如,在2007 年6 月的六级听力考试长对话中出现了难词jet lag(由飞行引起的身体不适),第20 题针对健康计划的目的和作用来提问,因此必须理解jet lag 才能解题。但要理解这个词,不一定要事先背过单词,只要利用上下文稍加推测即可。男生在对话结尾处提到So, basically, it’s a choice. Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.提示jet lag 是和锻炼等健康的生活方式相反的一个选择,也就是会另人不适的,理解到这一层就可以做题了。

5)抓住对话中的答语。长对话的考点常设在一个问题的问答处,且答案常设在答语上。

6)注意对话中的数字信息。对话中出现年代、时间、价格等数字的地方也常为设题重点,

但是一般不单纯考查数字,而是考查与数字相关的其他细节。

下面就以大学英语新六级考试样卷中的Conversation Two为例,具体分析其设题特点与解题

思路:

W: (24) We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan...

M: This is Stan Fielding reporting live from the suburbs of the capital city. Just 20 minutes ago, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.

W: Now Stan, is this a sign that the peace process has been totally abandoned? M: Well, (23) so far, peace negotiations have failed, and any resolution to end

the civil war appears bleak at this moment. As you can see... Whoa.

W: Stan, Stan, are you there?

M: Uh, yes, Shelly. As you can probably hear behind me, rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, and it’s feared that they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.

W: Now, besides the heavy fighting, what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?

M: Well, (25) since the beginning of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country. It is believed that over 40,000 people, mostly children, have starved to death. Fortunately, no epidemics have broken out, but that is always a concern if this war lingers on.

W: Okay, that was Stan Fielding reporting. And we will keep you up-to-date as this story ontinues

to unfold.

22. What is the news coverage mainly about?

A)The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.

B) The fall of Karnak’s capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.

C) The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.

D) The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.

本题为主旨题。在一则前线新闻报道中,when, where, what happened 是不可或缺的关键点。综合判断各个选项,只有A 答案中时间latest,地点in Karnak,事件an armed rebellion 概括全面。

23. What does the reporter Stan Fielding say about the situation in Karnak?

A) The epidemic has been brought under control.

B) There are signs of progress in the peace process.

C) Great improvements are being made in its capital.

D)There’s little hope of bringing the conflict to an end.

本题为细节题。原文中前线记者Stan Fielding 说到,“到目前为止,和平谈判失败,任何试图结束内战的举措都显得无济于事。”这是D 答案的同义表述,其中,little hope = bleak。

24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?

A) Late in the morning. B) Early in the afternoon.

C)Sometime before dawn. D) Shortly after sunrise.

本题为推断题。原文中没有提到新闻报道的具体的时间,但是从报道的开头播音员说“我们现在打破常规时间的新闻报道,为您带来??的最新播报。”中可以判断四个选项中的非常规时间只有C,黎明之前。

25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnak?

A) Inadequate medical care. B) Continuing social unrest.

C) Lack of food, water and shelter. D) Rapid spreading of the epidemic.

本题为细节题。答案为原文的同义转述。原文谈到饥荒、缺水和庇护所是市民们每天面临的最大困难。pressing concern = biggest daily obstacles, lack of food = starvation。

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