一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时的用法及区别(知识梳理)
一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时的用法及区别
真题再现：
1. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building
B. will he built
C. has been building
D. has been built
2. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’c lock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach
B. would teach
C. has taught
D. will be teaching
3. More expressways _________ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built
B. will be built
C. have been built
D. had been built
4. As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find
B. found
C. had found
D. have found
5. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I________ him later.
A. will call
B. have called
C. call D will be calling
6. Always_______ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep
B. to have kept
C. keep
D. have kept
7. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step”
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed
8. Planning so far ahead ____ no sense—— so many things will have changed by next year.
A. made
B. is making
C. makes
D. has made
9. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _____ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risk of smoking.
A. suggest
B. suggests
C. suggested
D. suggesting
10. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _____ the piano upstairs?
A. has played
B. played
C. plays
D. is playing
答案与解析：
1. B。本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。
2. D。句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那时将正在给一个班上课。at that time 指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表达将来的某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，用将来进行时。
3. B。从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。
4. A。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，如果没有时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况，本题符合“主将从现”的结构。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。
5. A。句意：—Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。—好的，我待会再打给他。本题考查的是时态。根据句意及时间状语later可知答案为一般将来时。
6. C。that后是宾语从句，那么要填入的地方是祈使句，用动词原形。
7. C。此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用
一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”8. C。句意为：这么早做计划没有什么意义——到明年，很多事情就会变了。由译文可知本句表达目前的状态，符合一般现在时的概念。
9. B。The fact后跟同位语从句，设空处为主句的谓语动词，故排除D项；由题干中的smoke 和may可知语境指现在的情况，排除C项。本句主语为the fact，且本句陈述的是一个事实，谓语动词采用第三人称单数形式。
10. D。根据句意可知，本句说的是现在的事情并且动作尚未完成，故用现在进行时。
语法讲解：
时态是极具英语特色的一种动词形态，在我们的汉语中是没有时态一说。在汉语中，一个动作无论发生在什么时候，动词本身是不需要发生变化的。但在英语中就不同了——在英美人看来，过去发生的动作要用过去时态，将来发生的动词要用将来时态，正在进行的动作要用进行时态。
My brother often visits my granny on Sundays.
My brother visited my granny last Sunday.
My brother will visit my granny next Sunday.
在汉语中，不管你是什么时候去看奶奶都是用“看望”，但在英语中就比较麻烦——每周日“看望”用动词visits，上周日“看望”用动词visited，下周日“看望”用动词will visit。
一般现在时
构成：do/does
典型时间状语：often, sometimes, usually, every day, on Mondays, once a week, etc.
I go to school every day.
He always works at night.
My parents go to visit my grandparents once a week.
一般现在时考点及注意事项：
1. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100℃.
The sun rises in the east.
2. if, when, unless, as soon as (宾语从句除外)引导的从句用现在时代替将来时。
I don’t know when he w ill come back.
If/When he comes, I will let you know.
注意：
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
3. 少数用于表示起止的动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
The plane takes off at 7.
4. 剧本说明、书评、影评中用一般用现在时。
When the curtain rises, Ann is writing at her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.
5. 在make sure (certain), see to it that, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替
一般将来时。
So long as he works h ard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
See to it that you are here on time tomorrow.
We must see to it that party policies are scientific and effective.
I don’t care what others say.
6. 在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
The more you learn, the more you will know. The more you know, the more you will get.
现在进行时
现在进行时表示说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作或者当前一段时间内的活动情况或现阶段正在进行的动作，或表感情色彩，加强语气。句中往往有now, just now等时间状语或者“Look!”等提示语境，或者通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行。
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
1. 在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
2. 表示计划：即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
Marry is leaving on Friday.
He is arriving here next week.
3. 与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again，forever，all the time等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
The little boy is always making trouble.
He is always helping others.
That girl is constantly thinking of others.
That boy is playing basketball again in the house above.
4. be 动词的现在进行时可以表示暂时的表现或特点。
You are impolite to me today.
I don’t agree with you, but I think you are being childish.
注意：表示感觉、情感、存在、从属、思维等方面的动词一般不用于进行时态。
表示存在状态的词：be, stay, exist, belong to
表示心理或情感状态的词：fear, hate, remember, think, know, believe, want, need, understand, forget, please, respect, prefer, mind, like, hope, wish, agree, appreciate, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love等。
终止性动词：accept, allow, complete, hear, notice, end, admit, give, receive, refuse, promise, decide等。
感官动词：see, look, hear, smell, taste, feel, sound等。
一般将来时
一般将来时就是表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这里所说的“将来”是以现在时间为起点的“将来”，并且这个将来可以是很近的将来（如一分钟以后），也可以是很远的将来（如几个世纪以后）。如汉语中说的“音乐会马上就开始了”“再过一万年地球将会怎样”等，若用英语来表示，都要用一般将来时。
1. “will /shall+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。其中shall主要用于第一人称之后，will用于第二、第三人称之后。
Which city will host the Olympic Games in 2020? (表示将来的动作)
Fish will die without water.（表示事物的必然趋势）
I shall always remember you.
2.“be going to +动词原形” 表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事、从目前的迹象看将要发生某事。
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
Look at the dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
3. “be about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备立即着手进行的动作，很少与时间状语连用。
I was about to leave when he came in.
The plane is about to take off.
4. 某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start, begin, stay等，用现在进行时形式表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He is arriving in five minutes.
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
5. “be to + 动词原形”表示按照安排或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in this May.
When are you to leave for that village?
“be to + 动词原形”表示“指令”，相当于should, must, ought to, have to等。
The medicine is to be taken three times a day.
You are to hand in the report today.
“was/were + 动词原形”表示曾经计划要做某事，不牵涉是否已经做；或表示“命中注定”要发生的事。
He felt excited, because he was to leave the dangerous place.
He was to suffer so much.
6. “祈使句+ and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
Study harder, and you will pass the examinations.
比较will和be going to：be going to往往表示实现的打算；临时性决定用will。
He is going to write a book about the journey.
I am sorry to hear that tom is ill, and I will go to see him this afternoon.
将来进行时
1.表示将来进行，即表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then.
When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.
2. 表示计划或安排，即表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
We’ll be spending the winter in Australia.
I’ll be seeing Isabel tomorrow.
3. 有时可表示委婉语气。
Will you be having some tea?
时态辨别：
将来进行时和现在进行时的区别
现在进行时表示一种经过考虑的、将来要进行的动作，而将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作，因此将来进行时不如现在进行时那样肯定，比后者偶然性要大一些。总体而言区别不是很大。
I am seeing Tom tomorrow. （意指汤姆或说话人已经特意安排了这次会面）
I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow. （意指汤姆和说话人将在通常进程中见面，也许他们在一起工作)）
将来进行时既可以表示最近将来的动作,也可以表示较远将来的动作.可以说：
I'll be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.
将来进行时与一般将来时态的区别
将来进行时通常表示的是对将来事实的简单陈述，而“will+动词原形”(一般将来时)除表示时间概念外，还带有感情色彩。一般将来中的will有时含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况。
Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)
Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)
汤姆明天将正在割草。Tom will be cutting grass tomorrow.
汤姆明天愿意割草。Tom will cut the grass tomorrow.
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
1. 一般现在时表示包括现在在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态；而现在进行时表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。
He washes his face at half past seven every day. （他每天7:30洗脸）
He is washing his face at the moment. （他这会儿正在洗脸）
2. 如果一般现在时态所表示的动作或状态带有感情色彩或强调情况的变化过程，可以用现在进行时。
The wind is getting stronger and stronger.
3. 现在进行时也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但今后和以前怎样，我们不清楚；而一般现在时则强调动作的永久或长久性。
He studies in No. 5 Middle School.（强调在五中读书这一事实）。
He is studying in No. 5 Middle School. （强调现阶段在五中读书）