句子结构讲义
Lecture Two
What is a loose sentence?
从修辞的角度来看，句子有松散句、圆周句和对偶句之分。松散句把主要意思放在
次要意思之前，先说最重要的事情，因而读者在看到几个词后就知道这句话的主要内容了。
She decided to study English though she was interested in music.
The Wangs must have gone away for the summer holidays, for we have not seen
them for two or three weeks.
松散句比较易懂，简单，自然和直接。
What is a periodic sentence?
再比较下面的句子：
Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.
观察上面的句子，可以知道：虽然意思表达和之前相同，主要意思都是她决定学英
语。第一句中，主要意思放在句子的开头，在第二句则放在句子末尾。第一句的第一部分在结构上已经完整，而第二句的第一部分只是个状语从句，不加上第二句就不能成为一个句子。
把最重要的意思放在最后面或者靠后的位置上，并且句子的结构直到最后一个词时
才完整。这样的句子叫做圆周句。例如：
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good
fortune must be in want of a wife.(Jane Austen)
上面的句子明显是个圆周句（掉尾句）。因为它的结构和意思在最后一个词之前都不完整。圆周句的结构按照逐步推向高潮的递进顺序形成。圆周句比较复杂、正式和文雅。
What is a balanced sentence?
两个结构相似但意思相反的平行从句便是对偶句。
On hearing the new, he was angered, and I was saddened.
The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.
In Plato’s opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacon’s opinion philosophy was made for man.
对偶句会给人留下深刻的印象，因为它含有相反的意思，而且因节奏和谐而悦耳。对偶句主要用于说明文，议论文及演说等正式文体中。
What is an effective sentence?
1. Completeness(完整)
完整是好句子的第一要点。一个完整的句子表达单一的完整思想,意思必须紧密相
关。
例1.（Faulty）Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician.
(Revised) He was born in a small town in South China in the early 50s. In his
childhood he liked to sing songs. Later he entered a conservatory. In the 70s he
became a famous musician.
例2.Faulty：Do Fu was one of the greatest poet.
Revised: Du Fu was one of the greatest poets of the Tang Period.
2. 连贯(Coherence)
连贯是指句子各部分之间清楚而合理的联系。句子中的词语和部分应恰当地衔接，它们之间的关系应十分清楚。不连贯的句子通常有以下几种毛病：
a. 平行结构使用有误
例1．A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.
Revised: A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.
Revised: A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.
例2．We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman.
Revised: We thought she was charming, intelligent, and very capable.
Revised: We thought she was a charming, intelligent, and very capable young
woman.
例3．We have great faith and high hopes for her.
Revised: We have great faith in and high hopes for her.
b. 代词指代不清楚
例1. She told my sister that she was wrong.
例2.He was knocked down by a bicycle, but it was not serious.
Revised：He was knocked down by a bicycle, but was not badly hurt.
例3.I'm gonging to the lecture on modern Chinese drama, because he is a dramatist I like.
c. 修饰语和被修饰语之间的关系不明确
例1.Looking out of the window, the grassland stretches as far as the eye can reach.
例2.On entering the classroom, the students stood up and said, “Good morning!”
例3.To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.
这些句子因为用了悬垂结构，句子缺少了连贯性，句子意思就让人费解。当然，也有一些固定的说法，如：to be frank, generally speaking, judging by…, speaking of…, just to name a few…
再看下面的一些句子：
例1.She put into her bag the picture books she had bought for her children.
例2.She bought several pictures books and put them into her bag, which she intended to give to her children.
Revised: She bought several picture books for her children and put them into her bag.
例3.The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.
例4.The idea he mentioned sounded good at first.
Revised: The idea he first mentioned sounded good.
例5.He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believed.
例6.He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, a reason which nobody believed. Revised: He gave a reason, which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting.
d. 人称、数、语气和语态上变动混乱
例1.An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.
例2.Those who wish to take Linguistics are expected to sign his name on this sheet of paper.
例3.Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Don’t rely on your teachers’help.
例4.She reviewed the lesson taught last week and all the exercises assigned by the teacher were done.
以上句子前后不一致，变动混乱，写作时应该避免不必要的变动。
3.简洁性（Conciseness)
句中不应有任何不必要的词。只要意思充分表达了，用词越少越好。用词过多只会意思模糊，而不是更清晰。人们常常用不必要的词，所以最好在写完一篇文章后，仔细检查一两遍，看看有没有一些可删去而又不影响意思表达。试比较：
例1.Wordy：It was blue in color.
例2.It was small in size.
例3.Mary is a quiet and careful woman.
例4.He returned in the early part of the month of August.
Concise:
1. It was blue.
2.It was small.
3.Mary is quiet and careful.
4.He returned in the early August.
请看下面的句子，想想如何更加简洁：
(1) He gave many reasons for the failure, but the reasons he gave were not convincing.
(2) In my opinion, I think your plan is feasible.
(3) This machine was jointly designed by the old engineer in collaboration with some of his
younger colleagues.
(4) There was a pine tree that stood like a giant on the top of the mountain. It towered over
the trees around it.
(5) Mr. Smith usually like to drink all kinds of wines that are produced in France.
(6) Li Qing, who was a first-year student of the college, would go to a park near her school
every day in the morning. She would bring a small recorder with her. In park she would find a quiet corner and listen to a tape of English stories.
Revised:
(1) He gave many reasons for the failure, but none of them was convincing. (代词指代重复内
容使得句子更加简洁）
(2) In my opinion, your plan is feasible.
I think your plan is feasible.
(3)This machine was jointly designed by the old engineer and some of younger colleagues.
This machine was designed by the old engineer in collaboration with some of his younger colleagues.
(4) The pine tree on the top of the mountain stood like a giant and towered over the trees
around it.
The giant pine tree on the top of the mountain towered over the trees around it.
On the top of the mountain was a giant tree which towered over the trees around it. (5) Mr. Smith prefers wines produced in France.
Mr. Smith prefers French wine.
(6) Every morning, Li Qing, a first-year student of the college, would go to a nearby park,
bringing a small recorder with her. There she would listen to a tape of English stories in
a quiet corner.
小结：好的句子要做到完整，连贯，逻辑关系清晰，简洁，这四条是基本要求；当然除此以外，如果重点内容突出，句式多变，则更加锦上添花。这些都不是一朝一夕可以做到，需要大量练习。
Exercises
下列句子不够完整或不够连贯或不够简洁，请加以修改：
(1 I read the novel on the train, which didn’t interest me at all.
(2) A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.
(3) I lost some important documents and found them three days later. The police had helped
me.
(4) Tell Helen, if she is at home, I will come to see her.
(5) Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.
(6）On entering the room, no one was seen.
(7) Fred is energetic, capable and a man you can rely on.
(8）My watch is either fast or yours is slow.
(9) He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.
(10) To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.
(11) I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.
(12) Dickens’ novels offer no solution to the social injustices he exposes in them.
(13) There are more books in their library than in our library.
(14) We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.
(15) The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.
(16) It seemed to his friends that his attitude was of a puzzling nature.
(17) He did not tell the truth with an honest attitude.
(18) Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.
(19) What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and its
needs improving.
(20）You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.
(21) This pretty actress keeps appearing in Tv serials repeatedly.
(22) One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there
are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.
(23) There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given
acupuncture treatment.
(24) Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it
well.
(25) She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.
练习题答案：
1.On the train I read the novel, which didn’t interest me at all.
2.We later learned that the well-dressed man who admitted us to the house was a thief.
3.The police helped me to find some important documents which I had lost three days before.
4.Tell Helen that I will come to see her if she is at home.
5.Listening attentively, I heard a faulty sound.
6.I entered the room and saw no one.
7.Fred is energetic, capable. You can rely on him.
8.Either my watch is fast or yours is slow.
9.He finished reading nearly/almost ten books during the vacation.
10.To tell my friend the good news, I posted the letter at once.
11.I will go to the lecture, for I like the speaker’s poems.
12.Dickens’ novels offer no solution to the social injustices exposed in him.
13.Their library has more books than ours.
14.去掉very early
15.去掉the cause of
16.To his friends his attitude was a puzzle.
17.He did not tell the truth.
18.The whole class elected Zhao their representative.
19.I mean that he has not done his work well enough.
20.去掉first, after you have done that
21.去掉repeatedly
22.去掉because of the fact , which can, be
23.There are about 50 patients in this ward, and many are being given acupuncture treatment.
24.去掉with great care, so as to do it well
25.后半句改为but we needn’t wait for her
英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词）▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。
3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。
形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语）She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.
汉语中完整的句子结构
汉语中完整的句子结构 完整的句子结构：（定）主//[状]谓<补>＋（定）宾 如：(我们)学生||[一定][要]学＜好＞（专业）课程。 定语用在主语前面，是修饰限制主语或宾语的中心语的。 如：“（冬天里）的春天” 补语用在谓语的后面，是补充说明谓语中心语的 如：“辨认＜仔细＞” 句子成分 1、主语 主语是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。例如： (1)中国人民志气高。 (2)提高整个中华民族的科学文化水平是亿万人民群众的切身事业。 2、谓语 谓语是陈述主语的，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或怎么样“。例如： (1)满天乌云顿时消散了。 (2)树叶黄了。 (3)小王今年十六岁。 (4)鲁迅是中国现代文学的奠基人。 (5)明天星期日。 (6)什么书他都看。 3、宾语 宾语在动语后面，表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。例如： (1)什么叫信息？ (2)门口围着一群看热闹的。 (3)马克思认为知识是进行斗争和为无产阶级解放事业服务的手段。 4、定语 定语是名语前面的连带成分，用来修饰、名词表示人或事物性质、状态、数量、所属等。例如： (1)那（沉甸甸）的稻谷，象一垄垄（全黄）的珍珠。 (2)（三杯）美酒敬亲人。 (3)雪野中有（血红）的宝珠山茶，（白中隐青）的（单瓣）梅花。 (4)（中国）的历史有（自己）的特点。 5、状语 状语是动语或形容词前面的连带成分，用来修饰、限制动词或形容词，表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等。例如： (1)他[已经]走了。 (2)咱们[北京]见。 (3)歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆。 (4)科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权。 副词、形容词经常作状语，表时间、处所的名词经常作状语，一般名词不作状语。动词中除助动词外，一般动词很少作状语，介词短语常作状语。一般状语
【初中英语】 句子结构与成分专项练习题精品资料
【初中英语】句子结构与成分专项练习题精品资料 一、句子结构与成分 1．They ________ take a short rest. A. stopped to B. stop C. stopped D. stopping 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：他们停下来休息。简单句，主语+不及物动词+不定式目的状语，stop，不及物动词，停下来，故选A。 【点评】考查主语+不及物动词，注意句子时态。 2．—What an interesting story she told us! —Yes, and her voice sounded ________. A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊！——是的，她的声音听起来很甜美。sweet甜的；small小的；clearly清楚地；sadly伤心地。sound是系动词，后跟形容词，故选A。 【点评】考查系表结构。 3．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 4．Choose the correct structure（结构） of this sentence "He lent me a book." A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。he为主语S；lent为谓语V；me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。故结构为S+V+IO+DO。故选B。 【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。 5．This cake is really big. _______ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词，也许，可能，放于句首。may be中may是情态动词，be是动词原形，为系表结构，译为“也许是，
高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一.ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│ ＰHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ│Ｖ及物动词│Ｏ1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语；物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6
翻译实务教学资料 - 句子结构
Part 1 1. If you think you have what it takes to be admitted to Harvard, a university known for its scientific research, attracting students both home and abroad and enjoying international prestige, you can plan your holiday. 2. Evidence found through the thorough investigation will soon be released by the media. 3. China Daily, established in 1981 and often called the “Voice of China” or “Window to China”also serves as an important source for high-end Chinese readers who want to know more about the world. 4. With rich water resources, plus abundant sunshine creating suitable farming conditions, the locally produced apples, grapes and melons are famous around the country. 5. With a widespread transportation network, covering rail, road and air, to take shape in the city, the municipal government must make new policies so as to adapt to economic growth based on social benefits. 6. Earthquakes related to volcanic activity may produce hazards which include ground cracks, ground deformation and damage to man-made structures according to the historical records available. 7. Two people confirmed on Saturday to be infected with bird flu were reported to be in critical condition yesterday after being tested positive for the deadly H5N1 virus. 8. The closure of Xiangyang market, synonymous with counterfeit brands, was announced because of its intellectual property infringements. 9. Many Chinese students attracted abroad to take language courses later found the situation there failed to live up to the promise of the advertisement. 10. The plan expected to increase the proportions of China’s GDP spent on research and development from today’s 1.3 percent to 2.5 percent by 2020 will for sure propel innovation greatly if approved of. Part 2 1. The new policy made by the government to meet the growing needs from the public is sure to be conducive to the improvement of our daily life. 2. Skin long exposed to direct sunshine faces the risk of developing cancer. 3. The National Maritime Museum located at the northern end of Darling Harbour is a distinctive indoor attraction – a great day’s entertainment for the entire family. 4. A crash in computing is a condition where a program (either an application or part of the operating system) stops performing its expected function and also stops responding to other parts of the system. 5. The annual origami competition, open to MIT students and sponsored by the office of the Arts is designed to promote interest in origami and to showcase students’ works. Part 3 1. “Shanghai keen to build a Disneyland theme park is awaiting central government’s approval”, the mayor told the press yesterday. 2. The heart of the city has a vibrant culture featuring good food, arts and theatre, historic places to visit and of course, a world-class shopping center. 3. These awards support the departments’advanced nuclear technology development efforts
高考英语句子结构剖析=
高考英语句子结构剖析 1、The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句） 句意：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。 分析：本句的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of... later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was ... live TV为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 2、We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句）
初中英语简单句句子结构资料
初中英语简单句句子结构资料姓名： 1.主语（S=Subject）：句子所陈述的对象。 2.谓语（V=Verb，Vi=不及物动词，Vt=及物动词）：主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。 3.宾语（O=Object）：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。 间接宾语(IO=Indirect Object)指人; 直接宾语(DO=Direct Object)指物; 宾语补足语(C=Complement) 4.系动词（P=Predicative）：表示状态或状态变化的动词，没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词（look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel）、保持类系动词（keep, stay 和 remain）、状态变化类系动词（become、get、turn 和 go）等。 5.表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。 6.定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。 7.状语：修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。 8.补语：分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明，与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。 注意：主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分；定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分，不是主干成分。 二. 五种简单句的基本句型 1. 主语 + 谓语 ( S + V ) 2.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + P ) 3.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 ( S + V + O ) 4.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO ) 5.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C ) 简单句的5种基本结构 通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句。 1、主语+谓语：She comes. 2、主语+系动词+表语She is lovely. 3、主语+谓语+宾语I love her. 4、主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose. 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy.
高考-英语句子结构详细剖析
高考英语句子结构详细剖析 1、In her excitement., she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. 参考译文：由于激动，她似乎没有意识到她在和一个完全陌生的人分享宝宝的照片。 句式分析 整体分析：选句为复合句。 1）主句In her excitement , she didn’t seem to realize.其中In her excitement 为状语。 2）that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger为宾语从句，其中with a complete stranger为状语。 重点词汇 excitement兴奋，激动; 令人兴奋的事 realize实现; 了解，意识到 sharing共享; 分配; 均分; 共价 complete完整的; 完全的; 完成
2、＂Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,＂replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in. 参考译文：在询问新父母所在的房间之前，丹尼斯回答道：“好吧，我不了解你们的全部，但我会到那里和孩子合影的。” 句式分析 整体分析：选句两部分。replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in为主句，其中before asking which room the new parents were in为状语。 Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby为引语，可以切分为两部分：I don’t know you all 和but I will get there to take pictures with the baby. 重点词汇 take pictures照相 replied回答，反应（reply的过去式和过去分词） parents双亲（parent的名词复数） 3、Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise ! 参考译文：令全家人惊讶的是，丹尼斯坚持了他的承诺！
五大基本句子结构
英语的五种基本句型训练 以下五种基本句式是任何英语句子的基本组成部分，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。在写作中，必须写好这些最基本的句型。 S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾补 五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： I will try. She is eating. He runs quickly． 他跑得快。 They listened carefully． 他们听得很仔细。 The gas has given out． 煤气用完了。 My ink has run out． 我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。） Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语) She is beautiful. （形容词做表语） 状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
简单句句子结构
简单句的基本句型 简单句是英语中的基本句子，了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这六种基本句型是： 1.主语+谓语结构：常用来表示主语的动作。 常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。 如：They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。 2.主语+系动词+表语（主系表结构） 本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。 （1）主语+系动词+形容词(作表语) 如：It feels good to be home. 在家的感觉真好。 （2）主语+系动词+名词(作表语) 如：He is a student. 他是个学生。 （3）主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语) 如：He is near. 他在附近。 3. 主语+谓语+宾语（主谓宾结构） 此结构其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。 （1）主语+及物动词＋名词或代词(作宾语) 如：May I use your computer ? 我能用一下你的电脑吗？ （2）主语+及物动词＋动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有：advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, give up,等。 如：You shouldn’t giv e up studying. 你不该放弃学习。 （3）主语+及物动词＋不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。 如：I hope to go to the movies. 我希望去看电影。 （4）既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。 如：remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事； stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事； forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事； try to do sth. 尽力做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。 如：Did you remember to feed the birds? 你记着喂鸟了吗？ 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓+双宾语结构） 此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词： （1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。 如：Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗？ （2）用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, order, sing , fetch等。 如：Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？
语文句子结构
一?句子类型 按句子结构，可以把句子分为单句和复句。单句又可以分为主谓句和非主谓句。主谓句是指由主语和谓语两部分组成，带上一定的语气和语调。例 如“我们胜利了！” “今天好天气。” 非主谓句是指由词或短语加上一定的语气、语调构成，没有主谓之分。例如“多么壮美的河山！”“真太妙了！” 复句是由两个或两个以上意义紧密联系、结构相互独立的单句即分句组成的句子。例如“自然是伟大的，然而人类更伟大。” 按句子用途、语气可以将句子分为四类：（1）陈述句：告诉别人一件事。例如“他按时到达目的地。” （2）疑问句：向别人询问某事。例如“我们去哪呀！” （3）祈使句：要求别人做某事。例如：“请勿攀折花木。” （4）感叹句：表示自己某种强烈感情。例如：“啊，我真高兴！” 二?单句 1?单句的成分 句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 成分作用符号 主语一句话的陈述对象，提示“谁”和“什么”双划线 谓语对主语的陈述，回答“干什么”和“怎么样”-- 宾语动词谓语中心语的支配对象波浪线 定语主语、宾语的修饰语，标志“的”（） 状语谓语的修饰语，标志“地”[] 补语谓语的补充成分，标志“得”〈〉 句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语六种主语：是句子中的陈述对象，说明是谁或什么；谓语：是对句子的主语作陈述的成分，说明主语是什么或怎么样；宾语：是谓语动词的支配成分，表示动作行为的对象、结果、处所、工具等。补语：是谓语动词的补充说明动作行为的情况、结果、处所、数量、时间等。定语：是句子中名词中心语前头的修饰成分，表示事物的性质、状态，或限定事物的领属、质量、数量等。 状语：是句子中动词或形容词中心语前头的修饰成分，表示动作行为的方式、状态、时间、处所或形状的程度等。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为： 定语（修饰主语）主语状语谓语补语定语（修饰宾语）宾语 2.句子的主干 句子的主干，就是把句中定语、状语、补语压缩后剩下的部分。 提取句子主干的方法：
高三英语句子结构
高三英语句子结构 主句：There was story after story of 。 曾经有关于。一个接一个的故事介词宾语从句 how Lin Qiaozhi 。 went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family 其中——（关于）林巧稚夜间晚归去把一个婴儿送给贫苦家庭的（故事）* 主语：how Lin Qiaozhi * 谓语部分 went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family 。* 分词短语作插入性状语：tired after a day's work,(= after Lin Qiaozhi was tired after a day's work 一天疲劳工作以后)* 定语从句：who could not pay her.那一类给她付不起费的（家庭）翻译：直译——曾经有关于林巧稚一天疲劳工作以后夜间晚归去把一个婴儿送给那些给她付不起费的贫苦家庭的一个接一个的故事.意译——有过说不完的关于林巧稚的故事.她常常在一天疲劳工作以后，把（初生）婴儿送给那些付不起费的贫苦家庭.。 你好，这个比较多吧，具体罗列如下，希望能够帮助到你： 一、句型1:Subject （主语） + Verb （谓语）这种句型中的动 词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。
常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, e, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：（1） Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 （2） The aident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。（3）Spring is ing. (4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject （主语） + Link. V （系动词） + Predicate（表语）这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。 其系动词一般可分为下列两类： 1.表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。 如：（1）This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。（2） He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 2.表示变化。这类系动词有：bee, turn, get, grow, go等。
简单句的五种基本结构
简单句的五种基本结构 众所周知，英语在进行交流时离不开句子，用句子表达时离不开一定的规则：有了一定的规则，我们才能学到规范的英语，才能讲出地道的英语；有了规范化的语句，才能产生新的句子；只有规则系统化、规范化，才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。所以，学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构，对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。 一、简单句常见的五种基本结构 1.主＋谓 2.主＋系＋表 3.主＋谓＋宾 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补 二、对于各个基本结构，初中要求掌握的知识有： 1.主＋谓例如：I went to school at 7：00. 主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词，其后没有宾语。 2.主＋系＋表例如：The food smells delicious. 主系表 1）常见的连系动词： a.be； b.look，sound，smell，taste，feel，seem等；（要用主动表被动） c.become，get，turn，grow，fall等； d.keep，stay等。 2）只能作表语的形容词：alone，asleep， afraid，alive，ill等。 3）look与seem的区别 a.look是“貌似”之意，指凭视觉作出判断； b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意，表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断； c.look like不能换为seem like； d.seem可接不定式，且可转换为It seems／seemed that.。。结构，而look不能。 3.主＋谓＋宾 例如：He hopes to fly to the moon. 主谓宾 1）只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词： want，hope，wish，would like，decide，agree，ask， can't wait等； 2）只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词： mind，enjoy，keep，finish，can't help等； 3）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且有区别的常见动词： a.remember to do.。。记住要做……（还未做） remember doing.。。记得做了……（已做过） b.forget to do.。。忘了做……（还未做） forget doing.。。忘了做过……（已做过） c.stop to do.。。停下来去做…… stop doing.。。停止做…… d.go on to do.。。接下来去做…… go on doing.。。继续做…… e.try to do.。。尽力做…… try doing.。。试着做……（看有无结果） f. mean to do 。。打算做…… mean doing。。意味着…… g. lean to do。。。学着做…… learn doing。。学会了做…… 4）既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语，且无区别的常见动词：begin，start，like，love， hate等。 4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾例如：He gave me a pen. 主谓间宾直宾 1）这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后，但间宾前需加介词to（对象）或for（目的）； 例如：They lent the bike to the boy. 主谓直宾间宾 2）需在间宾前加to的常见动词有：give，show，send，bring，pass，lend，tell，teach等； 3）需在间宾前加for的常见动词有：make，buy，do，cook，sing，find等； 4）最好用主＋谓＋直宾＋间宾结构的情况： a.当直接宾语是人称代词时：例如：I'll send it to you.
句子成分分析
句子成分分析 句子成分的划分 【教学目标】1、复习主、谓、宾、定、状、补六个成分，学会划分句子的主干和修饰部分； 2、运用划分主干的方法，判断病句是否存在成分残缺、搭配不当的问题。【教学重难点】1、学会划分句子的主干和修饰部分； 2、句子成分与病句。 一、句子成分的划分 （一）句子的构成成分分析：主、谓、宾、定、状、补 （二）句子成分的划分 （三）完整的句子成分排列为 （四）单句分析口诀 （五）巩固练习 1、划分句子的主干。 2、划分句子的成分。 二、运用划分主干的方法判断病句 （一）成分残缺：
1、在万恶的旧社会，逼得我们穷人逃荒要饭，卖儿卖女，家破人亡。 2、经过这次演讲比赛，对大家的启发很大。 3、从大量的事实中告诉我们，要掌握天气的连续变化，最好每小时都进行观测。 4、当我们听到这个故事的时候，使我联想起许多往事。 5、英雄的可歌可泣的壮举，猛烈地拔动着观众的心弦，在极度的激动中受到了深刻的教育。 6、我有一个女儿，同许许多多年轻的妈妈一样，愿意把孩子打扮得漂亮些。 7、在国际学术会议上，这两个“模型”受到了高度的重视，给予了很高的评价。 8、一位农民向国家文物部门献出了一枚祖传的大颗粒珍珠，具有极高的观赏、保存价值。9、 10、9、不坚固的房子被地震倒塌了。 11、 12、10、作为一代新人的我们应该牢固为幸福美好生活的社会而奋斗的信心。
11、为了建设卫生城市，我们要提高我们的质量水平，积极环保设施。 12、 13、12、边维兰曾在1983年出席了区的五好家庭先进个人。同年9月出席全国妇联五好家庭先进个人。 14、 15、13、县政府严肃处理水泥厂擅自提价。 16、 17、14、律师出庭辩护，始终抱着与检察员、审判员共同弄清案情，依法输案件。 18、 19、15、他们胸怀祖国，放眼世界，大力发挥了敢拼敢搏，终于夺得了冠军。 20、 21、16、他出生在农民家里，从小就养成了爱劳动。 22、 23、17、在革命初期，毛泽东就已经由观察历史而思考了中国共产党不会重蹈历史覆辙。 18班长在班会上回顾了中考前夕同学们认真备考。 19、在社会市场经济体制建立的今天，任何脱离国际化市场需要去谈志愿、兴趣，都是不恰当的。 20、教育部实施的学历证书电子注册即将推行，这将会给假文凭致命一击。
高考英语-句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
To wear a flower is to say I ' m poor, I can t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （常见的系 动词有 : be, sound （听起来）起来） , taste （尝, lo 、ok （表语从句） 起来）,feel （摸起来， 看 smell （闻 吃起来） , remain （保持，仍是） , feel （ It sounds a good idea. Her voice sounds sweet. The food smells delicious. The door remains open. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者 动宾 I like China. （名词） How many do you need? We need two. We should help the old and the poor. 词） I hope to see you again. （语从句） 2 ）介词后的名词、代词和动名词 Are you afraid of the snake? 不定式） rocks. 感觉） The sound sounds strange. Tom looks thin. The food tastes good. Now I feel tired. He hates you. （代词）数 词） I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 动名 3 ）双宾语 - --------- 间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）介宾 He gave me a book yesterday. 宾补：对宾语的补充， 全 称为宾语补足语。 Under the snow, there are many 名词） Give the poor man some money. We elected him monitor. come here. （名） We will make them happy. Please make yourself at home. 定 We all think it a pity that she didn ' t 形容词） We found nobody in. （ 副词） 介词短语） Don ' t let him do that. （省 to 不 句子成分和句子结构讲解及练 句 习子成分 主语（ subject ） : 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （ （动名词） To see is to believe. 名词） He likes dancing. 数词） Seeing is believing. 不定式） What he needs is a book. 主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It 形式主 语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语 （ predicate ） : 说明主语的动作、 状态和特征。 We study English. 表语（ predicative ） : He is asleep. 系动词之 He is a teacher. 后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 代词） （名词） Five and five is ten. 容词） His father is in. 数词） 介词短语） 副词） Seventy- four! You don He is asleep. The picture is on t look it. the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost. 形容词化的分词）