英美概况Unit 4 the land and people of america

Unit 4 The Land and People of America Objectives of this unit

1. Content

1.make students get aware of the national anthem and national flag of America

2.introduce to students the full name , and short name of America,

3.make students understand why America is nicknamed Uncle Sam

4.make students get aware of the national anthem and national flag of America

Ⅱ.Teaching Design

1.Teaching methods: informal intrusion; direct instruction; inquiry-based learning;

cooperative learning

2.Important teaching points: lifelong learning; virtual education

3.Difficult teaching points: analysis of the text; language points

4.Classroom activities: internet surfing and information collection

Teaching procedure

I. introduction of the course

Good morning students. From today，we will learn the survey of Britain and America together.

Before my lecture I would like you to discuss why we open and learn the course of the survey of Britain and America

In my opinion there are three simple factors that contributed to the reasons for learning this course

1) to broaden your horizon and enlighten you on British and American society and culture.

2) To enhance your cultural awareness and lay a solid foundation for cross-cultural communication.

3)To improve your English listening, speaking, reading and

writing abilities through class activities and after-class

assignments.

Today, we will focus on the land and people of America

First, can you ask me what do you know about America? What is the image of America？

The world’s forth largest country in land.

the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people.

a nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.

World’s largest economic entity.

Do you know what is the full name of America?

As we know the full name of America is The United States of America.

And its abbreviation is U.S.A. or U.S . However, we usually call it America. Actually America is the name of a continent which is composed of the north America the central America and the south America ( the Latin America).

It is also nicknamed Uncle Sam. And do you know why?

According to legend, in Troy City of New York, there is a person named Samuel Wilson. He is the owner of meat processing plant factory. He is diligent, honest, optimistic, respected by the people, people affectionately call him “Uncle Sam”.

In 1812, American War of Independence began, and the plant of Uncle Sam received a contract for the U.S. Army of production of barrels of beef. Each time the U.S. government received the test beef, they will put the meat into a special bucket, and stamped on the barrel “US” of the mark. As “Uncle Sam” is the first letter of the words “US”, the abbreviation U.S. is “US”, so people put

the two names into one, which means that beef passing from the hands of “Uncle Sam” will become “American” property. Since then “Uncle Sam” has been nicknamed as the United States, and gradually In 1830s, American cartoonist gave the historical legend “Uncle Sam” a specific image, so there is an old man sporting a goatee and thin caricature. He wore a tall hat decorated with star emblem, wearing a red, white and blue tuxedo and striped trousers (National Flag of the US). The tall, smiling old man, everybody like him in United States.

II. National anthem of America

Do you know what is the national anthem of America?

Great, it is the Star-Spangled Banner《星条旗》

Now，Let’s listen to and enjoy the song together. And discuss with your partner what historical facts and American values are revealed by the lyrics of the song? Key words: fight---- dangerous

Bombs, rockets ---- weapons

Over the land of the free and the home------they value and expect freedom

The words of "The Star Spangled Banner" were first written on September 14, 1814 by Francis Scott Key as a poem titled, "The Defence of Fort McHenry."

Key, a lawyer and an amateur poet, was being detained on a British warship during the British naval bombardment of Baltimore's Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. When the bombardment subsided and Key witnessed that Fort McHenry was still flying its huge American flag, he began writing his poem. (Historical Note: This flag was truly huge! It measured 42 by 30 feet!)

Key recommended that his poem be sung as a song to the popular British tune, "To Anacreon in Heaven." It soon became known as "The Star Spangled Banner."

Becoming the National Anthem

"The Star Spangled Banner" was published in a number of newspapers at the time, but by the Civil War it had become one of the most popular patriotic songs of the United States.

By the late 19th century, "The Star Spangled Banner" had become the official song of the U.S. military, but it wasn't until 1931 that the United States officially made "The Star Spangled Banner" the official national anthem of the country. Believe It or Not

Interestingly, it was Robert L. Ripley of "Ripley's Believe It or Not!" that spurred the interest of the American people to demand "The Star Spangled Banner" to become the official national anthem.

On November 3, 1929, Ripley ran a panel in his syndicated cartoon stating that "Believe It or Not, America has no national anthem." Americans were shocked and wrote five million letters to Congress demanding Congress proclaim a national anthem.

歌词是一位名叫弗朗西斯·斯科特·基（Francis Scott Key）的美国律师，在1814年英美战争期间的巴尔的摩，透过战场上的硝烟看到星条旗经过英军炮轰后仍在要塞上空高高飘扬时感慨万分而即景写下的。

歌词写出来后，在一名法官的建议下，配上了美国作曲家约翰·斯塔福德·史密斯（John Stafford Smith）创作的《To Anacreon in Heaven》，并取了现在的名字，从此流传开来。直到1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。

人们常常对美国国歌与曲谱是“进行曲之王”苏萨（John Philip Sousa，1854年－1932年）的著名代表作《星条旗永不落》进行曲（The Stars and Stripes Forever），产生混淆。其实听过两曲的人都能迅速地将其分辨开来。

另据传把《星条旗》正式定为国歌之前，美国的国歌含有英国国歌《主佑吾王》的曲调。

美国国歌共包括四节，绝大多数场合只唱第一节。

Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light,

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?

Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight,

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming?

And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,

Gave proof thru the night that our flag was still there.

Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,

Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,

What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,

As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?

Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,

In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:

'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave,

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore?

That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion.

A home and a country should leave us no more,

Their blood has washed out of of their foul footsteps' pollution.

No refuge could save the hireling and slave,

From the terror of flight and the gloom of the grave.

And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave,

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand,

Between their loved home and the war's desolation!

Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land;

Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation.

Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,

And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."

And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave,

O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

歌词翻译

哦，你可看见，透过一线曙光，我们对着什么，发出欢呼的声浪？

谁的阔条明星，冒着一夜炮火，依然迎风招展，在我军碉堡上？

火炮闪闪发光，炸弹轰轰作响，它们都是见证，国旗安然无恙。

你看星条旗不是还高高飘扬，在这自由国家，勇士的家乡？

透过稠密的雾，隐约望见对岸，顽敌正在酣睡，四周沉寂夜阑珊。

微风断断续续，吹过峻崖之巅，你说那是什么，风中半隐又半现？

现在它的身上，映着朝霞烂漫，凌空照在水面，霎时红光一片。

这是星条旗！但愿它永远飘扬，在这自由国家，勇士的家乡。

都到哪里去了，信誓旦旦的人？他们向往的是能在战争中幸存。

家乡和祖国，不要抛弃他们，他们自己用血，洗清肮脏的脚印。

这些奴才、佣兵，没有地方藏身，逃脱不了失败和死亡的命运。

但是星条旗却将要永远飘扬，在这自由国家，勇士的家乡。

玉碎还是瓦全，摆在我们面前，自由人将奋起保卫国旗长招展！

祖国自有天相，胜利和平在望；建国家，保家乡，感谢上帝的力量。

我们一定得胜，正义属于我方，“我们信赖上帝。”此语永矢不忘。

你看星条旗将永远高高飘扬，在这自由国家，勇士的家乡。

III. National Flag

The national flag of America is the Stars and Stripes

As we know there are 50 stars and 13 stripes on the flag.

The 50 stars stands for the 50 states in United States include Alaska and Hawaii. So there are 48 states on the continent.

And do you know what states do the following cities belong to?

New York---- New York State The largest city in America

Boston—the State of Massachusetts

It is the earliest city established in the United States

It has many famous universities, such as Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Boston.

Philadelphia—the State of Pennsylvania

Chicago—the State of Illinois

Houston—the State of Texas

?San Francisco—the State of California In the early days it was the place where Chinese people concentrated.

?Golden Gate Bridge

?The largest Chinatown outside of Asia

Los Angeles (the Big Orange)—the State of California

?The third largest city in the U.S.

?Hollywood

?Beverly Hills

?Disneyland

?University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

Do you know what state does Washington DC belongs

Washington District of Columbia

13 stripes the earliest 13 states

It represents the original colonies known as Old Glory.

Colors: red stands for courage, white for truth and blue for justice.

Old Glory

康乃狄克州,Connecticut

德拉瓦州Delaware

乔治亚州Georgia

马里兰州Maryland

麻萨诸塞州Massachusetts

新罕布夏州New Hampshire

纽泽西州New Jersey

纽约州New York

北卡罗莱那州North Carolina

宾夕法尼亚州Pennsylvania

罗得岛州Rhode Island

南卡罗莱那South Carolina

维吉尼亚州Virginia

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Melting Pot: Immigrants from different regions and cultures came to live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away and they became part of the American culture? WASPs: WASPS are the mainstream Americans, referring to the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants The Hispanics: The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America, which was once dominated by the Spanish Empire?American Indians: The Indian peoples are known as the first Americans. When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had reached India and called the natives Indians? Separation of powers: Under the federalist system, the federal and the state governments have separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitutio n. ^Winner-take-air5principle: The party that wins most votes (simple majority) in a state wins all the electoral votes for the state and the defeated party gets none? Federalism: Federalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between U.S. state governments and the federal government of the United States? Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and towards the national government. Thanksgiving Day: It's on the fourth Thursday of Novembe匚It is a typical

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I. Important facts to know about the UK. 1. Britain does not share land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰). 2. The climate of Britain is a mild and temperate one. 3. The most important river in the United Kingdom is the Thames River. The largest /longest is the Severn River. 4. The famous Speaker’s Corner is an area inside Hyde Park, London, where speakers address the public, especially on Sundays. 5. The Houses Parliament are in the City of Westminster. 6. The Westminster Abbey is the place where almost all English kings and queens have been crowned. 7. The Whitehall is where many British government offices are located. 8. Buckingham Palace is the London residence for the King or Queen. 9. No.10 Downing Street in London is the official residence of British Prime Minister. 10. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on the Thames River near its mouth. 11. The West End of London is resided by richer people than the East End. 12. The British Museum is the oldest and largest of all the museums and galleries in the UK. 13. Wembley Stadium is the site of the FA Cup Final, while Wimbledon is the site of the international Lawn Tennis championship. 14. The “tube” in London is the oldest and longest underground railway in the world. 15. The British state is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 16. London Tower, first built as a fortress for the royal family, was later used as a prison for the King’s or Queen’s political enemies. 17. Big Ben is a famous clock in London. 18. There is no longer serious “smog” in London nowadays. 19. The UK is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. 20. In Britain only less than 2% of the population are farmers but they manage about 70% of the land area. 21. It was the Anglo-Saxons who brought the English language into England. 22. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from the West Indies, India and Pakistan. 23. The “upper class”, living off the ownership of land or capital are fairly constant at around 2%. 24. A skilled worker, however much he /she earns, is one of the working /lower class. 25. People who do unskilled office-work are also likely to be described as lower (middle) class. 26. John Bull is the nickname of Britain. 27. The UK has experienced relative economic decline since World War II. 28. Margret Thatcher is the first and only female Prime Minister in British history. 29. The average household size in the UK is becoming smaller and smaller. 30. The Teddy Boys was the first cult that emerged in the UK in the 1950s among the working class youth. 31. The Hippies were from the middle class families in late 1960s. 32. Punks appeared in the 1970s. 33. The rave culture was popular among the middle and working class in the 1990s. 34. The youngest age that a person can get married in Britain is 16. 35. At the age of 18, people can get legally married without parental consent in the UK.

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英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。

(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）

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