信息管理专业英语 unit1-12 单词以及句子翻译
专业英语
一、专业术语
RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱
temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡，显卡sound card音频卡，声卡
DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB（database）数据库DBMS（database Management system）数据库管理系统DSS（decision support system）决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策
ANS（Advanced Network&Service）高级网络及服务公司
TPS（Transaction Processing systems）事务管理系统
KWS（Knowledge Work Systems）只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS（Office Automation Systems）办公自动化系统
ESS（Executive Support Systems）经理支持系统
EIS（Executive Information Systems）经理信息系统
OLAP（on-line analytical processing）联机分析处理
GIS（Group Information Systems）集群信息系统
GDSS（Group Decision Support Systems）集群决策支持系统
MIT（Management Information technology）管理信息技术
RAD（rapid application development）快速应用开发
Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统
ERP（Enterprise resource planning）企业资源规划
CRM（customer relationship Management）客户关系管理
OOD（Object-Oriented design）面向对象设计
OOP（Object0Oriented Programming）面向对象编程
HLLs（High Level Languages）高级语言ADTs（Abstract Data Types）抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码
EDI（Electronic Data interchange）电子数据交换
SMEs（small and medium sized enterprises）中小企业
B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务
CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器
CIAS（Communication Link Analyzer System）通信链路分析系统
IMS（Information Management System）管理信息系统
NDMS（Netware Data Management System）网络数据管理系统
二、翻译
Unit 1
1. Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.
管理是组织目标通过计划、组织、领导、控制组织资源实现的有效方式。
2. Planning defines where the organization wants to be in the future and how to get there.
计划决定了组织将来的发展方向和实现方式。
3. Organization failure can occur when managers are not serious about control or lack control information.
组织的失败往往在管理人员不认真对待控制或缺乏控制的信息时发生。
4. The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high performance, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in an efficient and effective manner.
管理人员的最终责任是获得高业绩，这是组织目标实现的一种有效的利用资源和有效的方式。
5. There are no “peopleless”organizations, so managers must learn how to motivate, lead and communicate; they must also understand interpersonal relations and the behavior of groups of people.
没有任何“peopleless”组织,所以经理们必须学会如何激励、领导和交流,他们也必须理解人际关系和各种人群的行为。
6. Managers are excellent communicators and value shapers, lightning rods to get the job done.
经理们都是很出色的传播者和价值塑造者，避雷针能够完成工作。
7. It is now apparent that overly centralized, excessively layered, and rigid organizational structures are not always effective or efficient.
过于集中、过度分层、刚性的组织结构现在很明显并不总是有效或高效的。
8. A manager frequently reminds his or her management team of the company’s goals and how well those goals are being achieved.
一个管理者会经常提醒他或她的管理团队,公司的目标,以及如何做好已达成这些目标。
9. Strategic planning is the process of developing and analyzing the organization’s mission, overall goals, general strategies, and allocating resources.
战略规划是发展和分析组织的使命、总体目标、总体战略、和分配资源的过程。
10. The purpose of the organizing function is to make the best use of the organization’s resources to achieve organizational goals.
组织功能的目的是最充分地利用组织的资源以实现组织目标。
Unit 2
1.As used in a broader sense, statistics refers to the statistical tools used to collect, present,
analyze, and interpret data for the purpose of making more effective decisions.
广泛的意义上说,统计是指用来收集统计工具,呈现、分析和理解数据的，目的都是为了做更多有效的决策。
2.Statistical thinking is necessary not only for efficient citizenship, but also for effective
decision making in various facets of business.
统计思想是很必要的,不仅是因为有效的公民身份,也是为在商业诸多方面做的有效决策3.W.Edwards Deming, noted statistician and quality control expert, insisted that we should start
statistics education before high school.
W.爱德华兹·戴明提到统计学家和质量控制专家,他坚持我们应该在读高中之前接受统计教育
4.Just as attorneys have “rules of evidence”and accountants have “commonly accepted
practices”, persons dealing with numerical data follow some standard guidelines.
就像律师有“证据规则”会计有“被公认的惯例”人们处理数值数据也会遵循一些标准的指导方针
5.Masses of unorganized numerical data, such as the census of population, are of little value as
is, however, statistical techniques are available to organize this type of data into a meaningful form.
大量的没有被组织的数值数据，就像全体居民的人口普查一样，几乎是没有意义的，然而统计技术对于组织这种类型的数据使其转换成有意义的形式是可行的。
6.To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population.
为了从人口数中得出某些结论，我们通常会从人口数中取出一个样本
7.Much of the appeal of statistical method is that they allow us to describe, predict, and
sometimes control the world around us.
大多数呼吁的统计方法是他们允许我们来描述、预测,有时控制我们周围的世界。
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/133783249.html,rmation developed through the use of statistics has enhanced our studying of how life
works, helped us learn about each other, allow control over some societal issues, and helped individuals make informed decisions.
通过利用统计方法的方式开发信息，可以增强我们对于生命是如何运作的学习,帮助我们更多地了解对方,允许控制一些社会问题,并有助于人们做出明智的决定。
9. A representative sample can be used to make inferences about a larger population, but
descriptive statistics are the only useful results for an unrepresentative sample.
一个具有代表性的样本可以用来推测更大范围的人群，但是对于一个不具有代表性的样本来说，描述性统计是唯一有用的成果
10.When the individuals measured constitute the whole population, there is no need for statistical
inference because the truth is known.
当个人测量构成完整的人口,就不需要统计推论,因为真相是已知的
Unit 3
1.All information, from train schedules to discount-price goods, will be as close as the press of a
key
所有信息,从火车时刻表到折扣价商品,将会越来越接近新闻媒体的一个关键.
2.The children have a happy environment at school.
孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境
3.The manufacturer invoiced our company for two typewriters.
这个厂家给我们公司开了两台打字机的发票
4.My accounts balance for the first time this year!
这是我今年第一次收支平衡
5.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.
艾菲尔铁塔是世界上最著名的建筑物之一
6.Please program the computer to do the job instead of manual operation.
请给电脑编制一个程序,以此代替手工操作
7.The binary system of numbers is used in digital computers.
二进制数字系统常常在数字计算机中被使用
8.The motherboard is main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central
processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.
主板是计算机的主要部分,通常包括含有电路的中央处理单元、键盘、监控和为了接受额外的电路所安置的插槽
9.Programmers use the term “data structures” to describe various ways to organize data within a
program.
程序员使用术语“数据结构”来描述在一个程序里通过各种方法来组织数据
10. At what rate does the dollar convert into pounds?
美元以什么汇率兑换成英镑?
Unit 4
1.The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its
success.
这个研究项目进行了不到三个月,所以对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
2.The firm decided to computerize its wages department.
公司决定使用电脑来处理发薪部门的工作
3.The boss gave me so many instructions at one time that I got muddled up.
老板一下子给了我那么多指示,把我弄得糊里糊涂
4.He isn’t particularly clever but industrious.
他并不特别聪明,但很勤奋。
5.New settlers came in increasing numbers.
新的移民越来越多
6.The local library is a valuable resource.
当地的图书馆是个宝贵的资源
7.The committee discussed strategic marketing factors.
委员会讨论了战略营销的因素
8.These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的
9.There are three options open to us in that matter.
关于那件事情我们有三种选择
10.This information will be less confusing if it’s produced in tabular form.
如果是产生于表格形式，信息将很少会被混淆
Unit 5
1.The lowest level manager can access only the data that he needs at his level.
经理能存取的最低水平,只有在他的水平上所需要的数据。
2.Decision Support is a new University function designed to support access, integration and
delivery of administrative data.
决策支持系统的设计是一种新的大学功能设计用以支持访问、集成和实施的行政数据3.Decision Support is also responsible for transition of data from University mainframes to
servers over the next 5 years and for the existing Information Warehouse.
决策支持也负责在未来的5年里从大学向服务器主机进行数据的转换和现有信息仓库的数据转换。
4.The primary job of the use is in the definition and discovery of information used in decision
making.
主要工作的用途是将定义并发现的信息用于决策。
5.If client profile information is available, services can be more easily tailored to the client.
如果客户端剖面的信息是可得到的,服务可以更容易定制到客户端
6.Modern Marketing techniques can be used to attract and retain clients.
现代营销技术可以用于吸引和留住客户
7.Risk assessment of the projects can be determined before the project is begun.
项目风险评估能够在项目开始前被确定。
8.Sharing the same concepts of a DSS, an ESS focuses more in the end-user requirement of
maximum interactivity and user-friendlyness.
共享一个DSS的相同概念，一个ESS更多的关注于最终用户的最大互动性需求和用户友好性
9.The GDSS stared originally from the Management Information System at University of
Arizona.
GDSS最初起源于亚利桑那大学的管理信息系统。
10.Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment,
people do better.
人工智能是研究如何让电脑做一些事情,在那个时刻,人们做得更好
Unit 6
1.ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single
computer system that can serve all those different departments’ particular needs.
ERP试图整合各部门和功能在一个公司,在一台计算机的系统,这个系统可以为所有这些不同部门的特别需求
2.People don’t like to change how they do their jobs. That is why the value of ERP is so hard to
pin down.
人们不喜欢改变他们如何完成他们的工作。这就是为什么ERP是如此的价值硬扣下来3.To get the most from the ERP software, you have to get people inside your company to adopt
the work methods outlined in the software.
最大限度地从中获取收益的ERP软件,你必须让人们在你们公司的情况下,采用工作某市软件
4.Even if a company installs ERP software for the so-called right reasons and everyone can
agree on the optimal definition of a customer, the inherent difficulties of implementing something as complex as ERP is like teaching an elephant to do the hootchy-kootchy.
即使一家公司ERP软件安装的所谓正确的原因,每个人都能同意的最佳的定义的客户,固有困难的事情,就像复杂,因为实施ERP是像教大象来跳肚皮舞
5.ERP helps the manufacturing process flow more smoothly, and it improves visibility of the
order fulfillment process inside the company.
ERP帮助制造流程更平稳,提高了知名度的订单,公司内部的实施过程。
6.Don’t expect to revolutionize your business with ERP. It is a navel-gazing exercise that
focuses on optimizing the way things are done internally rather than on customers, suppliers or partners.
不要期望彻底改变你的业务与ERP。这是一个纸上谈兵的锻炼方式,著重在优化所内部而不是对客户、供应商或合作伙伴
7.Needless to say, the move to ERP is a project of breathtaking scope, and the price tags on the
front end are enough to make the most placid CFO a little twitchy.
不用说,搬到ERP是一个项目的惊人的范围,而且价格标签的前端,足以使最平静的CFO有点谨慎
8.We have treated ERPs as projects, with the assumption that someday the projects would end.
But an enterprise system is not a project. It’s a way of life.
我们我们把ERPS看成是一个项目,并扬言说,总有一天会结束的项目。但是一个企业制度不是一个项目。它是一种生活方式
9.Even if an organization could declare final victory on implementation of ERPs, many
additional years could be spent in getting real business value from them.
即使一个组织可以宣布最后的胜利的实现策略,许多额外的年电位差,就可以用来获得真正的商业价值
10.Just as courtships and honeymoons are different from marriages, living with ERP systems will
be different from installing them.
正如求爱和蜜月不同于婚姻的生活,ERP系统将是不同于安装他们
Unit 7
1. Structural design gives a system the long-term stable structure that can reduce discovery costs, localize maintenance work, and provide a foundation for reuse.
结构设计提供了一种系统的长期稳定的结构,可以减少成本,定位发现维修工作,并提供了基础,再使用
2. I believe there are some simple ways to integrate the functional and structural view.
我相信有这里有一些简单的方法来整合的功能和结构的观点
3. Most popular programming languages use classes as their basic building block.
最流行的编程语言使用类为基本积木
4. Classes are the foundation of object-based and object-oriented programming in C++.
统整课程的物质基础,是面向对象编程中,C + +
5. I think this tendency to hierarchy comes from our need to organize—and that’s fine—but I think it goes too far in most popular programming languages work.
我觉得这个倾向是来自我们的需要层次的fine-but organize-and,我认为它走得太远在最流行的编程语言的工作
6. We start to reduce complexity by grouping objects together into classes, which is in accordance with how most popular programming languages work.
我们开始减少复杂性组织宾语联合成类别,是依照最流行的编程语言如何工作
7. These programming languages are popular because they are efficient.
这些编程语言很受欢迎,因为他们是有效的
8. Because roles are closer to objects, they are closer to the structure of Use Cases than classes are. 因为角色越来越接近物品,他们更接近结构比类的用例
9. Hierarchy has become an important abstraction tool in many design paradigms.
抽象层次已成为一个重要的工具,在许多的设计范例
11.Object-oriented program has become the dominant programming style in the software
industry over the last 10 years or so.
面向对象程序已成为主导的编程风格在软件产业在过去的10年左右
Unit 8
1.The general principle in Data Flow Diagramming is that a system can be decomposed into
subsystems, and subsystems can be decomposed into lower level subsystems, and so on.
在数据流的一般原则是一种画图可以分解成子系统的系统,子系统可以分解成低等级的子系统,等等
2.Data enters the system from the environment; data flows between processes within the system;
and data is produced as output from the system.
数据进入系统,从环境、数据流之间的内部过程系统;以及数据所做的输出从系统
3.SSADM has been used by the government in computing since its launch in 1981.
SSADM一直被用作政府在计算自发布以来于1981年
4.SSADM revolves around the use of three key techniques, namely Logical Data Modeling,
Data Flow Modeling and Entity/Event Modeling.
围绕着SSADM使用3个关键技术,即逻辑数据建模、数据流程建模和实体/事件建模5.The RAD approach has been used successfully in many organizations and is currently gaining
more formal support with the advent of DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method, DSDM Consortium, 1995), a framework for RAD.
方法的RAD已经成功地应用在许多组织,目前正获得更正式的支持的到来,DSDM(动态系统开发方法,联合体,1995),DSDM框架红的
6.The model is the basis of the methodology’s view of the world, e.g. the Waterfall and Spiral
models of Information Systems Engineering.
该模型为基础的方法论的角度来看这个世界,它的例句。瀑布和螺旋模型的信息系统工程
7.The scope of a methodology defines its start and end points within the ISE lifecycle.
一种方法论,它的范围定义其起始点和终止点在伊的生命周期
8.The SDLC is based upon two principles: dividing projects into phases, and using written
documentation and approvals to maintain control.
在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC取决于两个原则:划分成不同阶段,并利用项目的书面文件和审批维持控制
9.Rapid response methodologies are clearly borne out of the need for a methodology that is
flexible and usr-involved with a short implementation schedule, yet retains critical controls that do not slow down the process.
快速反应的方法都有明确的证明了需要的一种方法是灵活的,usr-involved与短实施进度,但又保留关键的控制系统,就不要迟慢的过程
10.The SDLC includes ten phases during which defined IT work products are created or
modified.
在同步数据链路控制规程(SDLC阶段,在此期间,包括十定义其工作产品是创建或修改。Unit 9
1. A basic understanding of computer networks is requisite in order to understand the principles
of network security.
计算机网络的基本理解是必需品,以了解原则的网络安全
2.The International Standards Organization (ISO) Open System Interconnect (OSI) Reference
Model defines seven layers of communications types, and the interfaces among them.
国际标准化组织(ISO)开放系统互连(OSI)参考模型定义了7层的通信接口类型,和在他们中间
3.In order for you and I to talk when we’re out of earshot, we need a device like a telephone.
为了让你和我说话时,我们走到,我们需要一个设备就像打了一个电话。
4.The key to building a secure network is to define what security means to your organization.
建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织
5. A simple network can be constructed using the same protocols and such that the Internet uses
without actually connecting it to anything else.
建设的关键所在是为了定义一个安全的网络安全意味着什么对你的组织
6.The Internet is made up of a wide variety of hosts, from supercomputers to personal
computers, including every imaginable type of hardware and software.
互联网是由各种各样的主机,从超级计算机到个人计算机,包括各种类型的硬件和软件7.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a simple transport-layer protocol.
UDP(用户数据协议)是一个简单的transport-layer协议
8. A firewall is simply a group of components that collectively form a barrier between an
organization’s intranet and the Internet.
防火墙是简单的一组部件之间的障碍,集体形式组织的局域网和互联网
9.Router is a special purpose computer for connecting networks together.
路由器是一种特殊用途的计算机网络连接在一起
10.If modem access is to be provided, Dial-Back Systems should be guarded carefully.
如果接入调制解调器是,提供Dial-Back制度,应小心看守
Unit 10
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/133783249.html,rmation is needed to account for the general budgetary requirements and fund reporting.
需要信息占总体预算要求和基金的报告
2.The whole purpose of a database is the representation of the physical world. The accuracy of
the representation depends on the design of the database system.
一个数据库的唯一目的是表现的物质世界。代表的准确性取决于设计的数据库系统3.Management requires detail data. Management needs to know why a particular indicator is the
value that it has.
管理要求明细资料。管理需要知道为什么一个特定的指标是它所具有的价值
4.The file system that comes with your computer is a very primitive kink of database
management system.
文件系统是有你的计算机是一种非常原始的纠结的数据库管理系统。
5.One facet of a database management system is processing inserts, updates, and deletes.
其中一个方面的数据库管理系统,是处理插入,更新和删除
6.In SQL, the programmer says “I want data that meet the following criteria” and the RDBMS
query planner figures out how to get it.
在SQL,程序员说“我要符合下列条件的数据,这些数据查询规划师”与RDBMS想出如何得到它
7. A relational database is a big spreadsheet that several people can update simultaneously.
关系数据库是一个很大的试算表,这几个人就能更新,同时进行
8.Problems that are difficult in imperative computer languages can be very simple in a
declarative language such as SQL and vice versa.
在必要的问题有困难可以非常简单的计算机语言在声明性语言如SQL,反之亦然
9.The most practical database management software for Web sites is a relational database
management system with a full-text indexer.
最实用的数据库管理软件的网站是一个关系数据库管理系统和全文搜索速率
10.If you can program a spreadsheet, you can program an RDBMS in SQL.
如果你可以计划一个表格,你可以计划一个RDBMS,在SQL
Unit 11
1.The scientific management method has brought about many changes in factory production.
科学管理方法为工厂生产带来了很多改变
2.Can you distinguish between those two kinds of managements?
你能区分哪两种管理吗?
3.Project management is mission-oriented and is different from the general management of
cooperation.
项目管理是面向任务的，它不同于一般的企业管理
4. A business can`t do well without good management.
没有好的管理生意是不可能做好的
5.This is a government-funded irrigation project.
这是由政府出资的灌溉工程
6.This project organization was dismissed when the mission was accomplished.
当这个任务完成后，项目组就解散
7.She`s very capable and has become quite indispensable to the company.
她很能干已经成为公司里少不了的人了.
8.The time,labor and cost required for the whole project may be less than the estimates.
整个工程需要的时间，人工费用也许比估计的要少些.
9.Project management and general management of business share many similarities.
项目管理和一般的企业管理有很多的共同点.
10.Funds are essential to the completion of the project.
资金对于项目的完成十分重要.
Unit 12
1. Electronic commerce is emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling of exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks including the Internet.
电子商务是一种新的概念，它描述了通过计算机网络（包括Internet），进行买卖、交换商品、服务与信息的过程。
2. Electronic commerce enables more individuals to work at home and to do less traveling for shopping, resulting in less traffic on the road and lower air pollution.
电子商务使更多的个人能够在家工作并且做较少的旅行购物，这使得道路交通更通畅，空气污染程度也更低。
3. The advent of sailing ships in ancient times, the more recent invention of the printing press, the steam engine, and the telephone all changed the way in which people conducted commerce activities.
古代帆船的出现和以后的一些发明，如印刷术、蒸汽机以及电话等都改变着人们处理商业交易的方式。
4. Although E-commerce has increased the speed of delivery and dispersion of commercial products and services, there are certain things it can not improve or change.
尽管电子商务提高了配送商品与服务的速度，但对有些商品的销售，电子商务则无能为力。
5. An intranet is corporate network that functions with Internet technologies, such as browsers, using internet protocols.
内联网是企业组织内部网，它使用Internet技术，诸如浏览器与Internet协议。
6. Electronic commerce is sharing business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting transactions by means of telecommunications networks.
电子商务通过电信网络共享商业信息，保持商务关系，并且进行商业交易。
7. The growth of electronic commerce will depend on better payment systems and most importantly, the confidence of consumers in the Web’s security.
电子商务的发展将依赖更好的付费系统，更为重要的是，顾客对网络安全的信心。
8. Virtual travel agencies will offer you almost all the services you will find in a conventional travel agency, ranging from information to reservation and purchasing of tickets for your trips, accommodations and entertainment.
虚拟旅行中介能够提供几乎所有传统旅行中介可以提供的服务，从有关旅行的信息，到预约和购买旅行所需的门票、住宿及娱乐。
9. Internet electronic commerce provides customers with the chance to customize many of the products or services offered by merchants.
因特网电子商务为用户提供定制由商人提供的大多数产品或者服务的机会。
10. Electronic commerce is very much seen as the core driver behind the development of the information economy, and is the source of many of the benefits.
电子商务更多被视为躲在信息经济发展后面的核心驱动力，是大多数利润的来源。
专业英语考试词汇翻译
可以确保90%以上正确，个别差错敬请谅解 1. Feedback ; 反馈 2. Error ；误差 3. Open-Loop；开环 4. Automatic Control System；自动控制系统 5. Sensor；传感器 6. Actuator；执行器 7. Valve；阀 8. Control Strategy；控制策略 9. Positive feedback；正反馈 10. Set point；设定值 11. Inertia；惯性 12. Centrifugal；离心的 13. steam engine；蒸汽机 14. mathematical model ；数学模型 15. Routh Stability Criteria ；劳斯稳定性判据 16. linear system ；线性系统 17. amplifier ；放大器 18. response ；响应 19. artificial；模拟的，人造的 20. industrial robot；工业机器人 21. Maximum principle；最大值原理 22. Dynamic；动态的 23. Neural network control；神经网络控制 24. Fuzzy control；模糊控制 25. Predictive control；预测控制 26. Programmable Logic Controller；可编程序逻辑控制器（PLC） 27. Distributed Control System；分布式控制系统28. Fieldbus Control System；现场总线控制系统 29. Supervisory Control Software；监控软件 30. Configuration Software； 组态软件 31. object；目标 32. V ariable Structure control ；可变结构控制 33. Sliding-mode control；滑 模控制 34. Proportional ；比例 35 Integral；积分 36. Derivative；微分 37. offset；补偿 38. Avoid overshoot；避免超 调 39. performance；性能 40. logic；逻辑 41. function；功能 42. Triangle function；三角 函数 43. Trapezoid function；梯形 函数 44. robots；机器人 45. Instruction ；指令 46. Relay；继电器 47. Processor；处理器 48. Wiring；布线 49. mechanisms；机械装置 50. nut；螺母 51. bolt；螺栓 52. concept ；概念，观念 53. weld ；焊接 54. spray ；喷雾器 55. communicate；通讯，传 递 56. orbit；轨道 57. install ；安装 58. metal ；金属 59. plastics；塑料 60. rubber；橡胶 61. electronics；电子 62. packaging；封装 63. complexity；复杂 64. millimeter；毫米 65. asynchronous；异步的 66. accurate；精确 67. debug；调试 68. slot；槽口 69. armature；电枢 70. iron core；铁芯 71. eddy；涡流 72. flux；磁通量 73. conductor；导体 74. commutator；换向器 75. brush；电刷 76. stator；定子 77. rotor；转子 78. bearing；轴承 79. aluminium铝 80. slip ring；滑环 81. copper；铜 82. torque；转矩 83. opposite；相反 84. wound；绕组，缠绕 85. squirrel cage rotor；鼠笼 转子 86. insulate；隔离 87. embedded；嵌入式 88. cylindrical；圆柱体 89. salient；凸出的 90. magnetic field；磁场 91.efficiency；效率 92. permanent magnet；永磁 铁 93. gear；齿轮 94. twisted ；缠绕 95. characteristic ；特性 96. proportional to ；与。。。 成比例 97. flux density ；磁通密度 98. common mode voltage ； 共模电压 99. diameter；直径 100. piston；活塞 101. Motion control ；运动 控制
(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案
Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用，并牵动骨胳肌，引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一，有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙，里面充填着骨髓，这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动，是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动，如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动，如肘关节；或是绕轴心旋转运动，如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里，大辐度的运动（如肩关节、髋关节）即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来，也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成，然后不断生长、
财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译
Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事)，但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东，而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者，包括普通股股东，债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions，shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设，从长期来看，股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施，能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说，股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益，社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中，经理可能忽视股东的利益，而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源，除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股，普通股，资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产，也就是公司拥有的东西，是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的，通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格，而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益（留存收益）时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低，这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券，偿还债务，股票销售和回购，以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里，安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况，因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入，这是因为利息是税前支付的，公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值，但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率，用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中，货币时间价值是最重要的，也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。
专业英语翻译
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 141 (2011) 133–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /v e t i m m Short communication Saccharomyces cerevisiae decreases in?ammatory responses induced by F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in porcine intestinal epithelial cells Galliano Zanello a ,b ,1,Franc ?ois Meurens a ,1,Mustapha Berri a ,Claire Chevaleyre a ,Sandrine Melo a ,Eric Auclair b ,Henri Salmon a ,? a Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA),UR1282,Infectiologie Animale et SantéPublique,F-37380Nouzilly (Tours),Indre et Loire,France b SociétéIndustrielle Lesaffre,Lesaffre Feed Additives,Marcq-en-Baroeul,France a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 19October 2010Received in revised form 13December 2010 Accepted 31January 2011Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Pig Intestinal epithelial cells Cytokines Chemokines a b s t r a c t Probiotic yeasts may provide protection against intestinal in?ammation induced by enteric pathogens.In piglets,infection with F4+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)leads to in?ammation,diarrhea and intestinal damage.In this study,we investigated whether the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc ,strain CNCM I-3856)and S.cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb ,strain CNCM I-3799)decreased the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines and chemokines in intestinal epithelial IPI-2I cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Results showed that viable Sc inhibited the ETEC-induced TNF-?gene expression whereas Sb did not.In contrast,killed Sc failed to inhibit the expression of pro-in?ammatory genes.This inhibition was dependent on secreted soluble factors.Sc culture supernatant decreased the TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6,IL-8,CXCL2and CCL20ETEC-induced mRNA.Furthermore,Sc culture supernatant ?ltrated fraction <10kDa displayed the same effects excepted for TNF-?.Thus,our results extended to Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)the inhibitory effects of some probiotic yeast strains onto in?ammation. ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1.Introduction Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)are pathogenic gram negative bacteria which infect humans and sev-eral species of farm animals such as calves and pigs.ETEC interacts with intestinal epithelial cells,colonizes the small intestine and secretes enterotoxins such as the heat-labile enterotoxins (LT),the heat-stable enterotox-ins (STa and/or STb),and the enteroaggregative E .coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1(EAST1)(Nagy and Fekete,2005).In pigs,ETEC infection and enterotoxin secretions can induce intestinal in?ammation and diarrhea resulting in reduced growth rate,increased mortality and economic ?Corresponding author.Tel.:+33247427331;fax:+33247427779.E-mail addresses:salmon@tours.inra.fr ,henri.salmon@tours.inra.fr (H.Salmon).1 These authors contributed equally to this work.loss (Fairbrother et al.,2005).Moreover,F4+ETEC strain induce pro-in?ammatory response in intestinal epithe-lial cells (Devriendt et al.,2010).Administration of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae variety boulardii (Sb )has been shown to protect pigs in reducing ETEC transloca-tion (Lessard et al.,2009).In vitro studies showed that Sb secretes soluble factors that decrease the expression of pro-in?ammatory cytokines induced by enteric pathogens (Zanello et al.,2009).However,to our knowledge,there is no in vitro data regarding the anti-in?ammatory effects of S.cerevisiae (Sc )secreted soluble factors.Sc and Sb are members of the same species but they differ geneti-cally,metabolically and physiologically (Edwards-Ingram et al.,2007;Hennequin et al.,2001).Thus,in this study,we assessed if the non-commensal and non-pathogenic yeasts Sc (strain CNCM I-3856)and Sb (strain CNCM I-3799)secreted factors allowing the down-regulation of pro-in?ammatory gene expression in intestinal epithe-lial cells cultured with F4+ETEC.Sc (strain CNCM I-3856) 0165-2427/$–see front matter ? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.018
冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译
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《自动化专业英语》中英文翻译-中文部分
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难倒英语专业的40个翻译句子
1.Do you have a family? 正确译文:你有孩子吗? 2.It's a good father that knows his son. 就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子. 3.I have no opinion of that sort of man. 我对这类人很反感. 4.She put 5 dollars into my hand,"you have been a great man today." 她把5美圆塞到我手上说:"你今天表现得很好." 5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two. 我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹. 6.The picture flattered her. 她比较上照. 7.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England. 她杂那个国家水土不服,所以回到了英国. 8. He is a walking skeleton. 他很瘦. 9.The machine is in repair. 机器已经修好了. 10.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情，最终宣布儿子有罪. 11.You don't know what you are talking about. 你在胡说八道. 12.You don't begin to understand what they mean. 你根本不知道他们在干嘛. don't begin ：决不 13.They didn't praise him slightly. 他们大大地表扬了他. 14.That's all I want to hear. 我已经听够了. 15.I wish I could bring you to see my point. 你要我怎么说你才能明白呢. 16.You really flatter me. 你让我受宠若惊. 17.He made a great difference. 有他没他结果完全不一样. 18.You cannot give him too much money. 你给他再多的钱也不算多. 19.The long exhausting trip proved too much. 这次旅行矿日持久,我们都累倒了. 20.The monk is only not a dead man. 这个和尚虽然活着,但跟死了差不多. 21.A surgeon made a cut in the patient's stomach.