水流条件对苦草及菖蒲磷累积输运特性的影响

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水流条件对苦草及菖蒲磷累积输运特性的影响

作者：巫丹凌虹黄夏银周旭黄毕原

来源：《安徽农学通报》2018年第22期

摘要：采用自主研发的浅水湖泊表面风应力扰动模拟装置，选择太湖常风速作为典型动

态工况，选用苦草和菖蒲分别作为沉水植物和挺水植物的代表，研究在生长期内水生植物累积输运磷素的特性对长时间水动力作用的响应过程。结果表明：在扰动风速为5m/s的动态水体中长期生长的苦草，其叶片受到水流胁迫，叶片对磷的吸收和富集受到抑制，植株营养的走向趋于根系储磷；而动水环境促进了菖蒲的新陈代谢，其叶片对磷的吸收和富集、根部向叶片营养的输送、根部自身的储磷能力都得到了提高。

关键词：苦草；菖蒲；水动力；磷

中图分类号 X5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）22-0024-06

Abstract：In this study，an especial equipment was developed to simulate the wind-induced current，Taihu lake was chosen as the research object，Vallisneria natans and Acorus calamus were planted respectively. For Vallisneria natans，based on the long-time hydrodynamic force with the typical velocity in Taihu Lake，the blade growth was restrained，the phosphorus enrichment of leaves were inhibited，the transportation of phosphorus tended to root storage.For Acorus calamus，the dynamic water environment promoted the metabolism，the assimilation and enrichment for phosphorus was promoted，the transportion of phosphorus from root to blade was strengthened，and the store of phosphorus in root was increased. The research results would be beneficial to reveal the environmental function of aquatic plants which provides the theoretical foundation for bio-control of lake eutrophication.

Key words：Vallisneria natans；Acorus calamus；Hydrodynamic；Phosphorus

水生植物是公认的改善水体环境和维持水体清洁的重要工具，其具有调节水体生态系统的物质循环速度，增加水体生物多样性，抑制藻类过量生长，增强水体稳定性等特点，因而近年来利用水生植物治理污染和进行生态修复，已经得到了广泛的重视和研究。

水生植物在生长发育及衰亡过程中，通过光合、呼吸、残体分解等作用改变沉积物——水界面的理化环境进而影响沉积物和上覆水之间磷的迁移转化。水生植物在生长过程中能通过根及茎叶的吸收，使得上覆水和沉积物中的磷浓度降低[1-3]；但是，处于衰亡的植物的残体腐烂分解，又将上覆水和沉积物富集的磷释放到水中，从而引起水质恶化，造成二次污染[4-5]。因此，水生植物的生长状态决定了水生植物净化水体的效果。