大学英语试题

★绝密启用前

2015---2016年第一学期期末考试试题

科目：大学英语（A卷）

试用专业：2014级土木工程造价专业

（本试题共8页，考试时间90分钟，满分100分）

请将你的选择题答案转涂到答题卡中否则得0分

Part I Reading Comprehension (2*20 = 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and Please apply your options to the answer sheet.

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. “It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet,” says Johnson. “It didn’t matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didn’t fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him.”

Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.

Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation(隔离) is a bad memory and 40 years of law, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nation’s next president.

But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial

prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are clearly racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger.

“What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens,”observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she has been watched at shopping malls.

1.The word “valet” in the first paragraph most probably means .

A) a restaurant owner

B) a driver of expensive cars

C) a wealthy-looking gentleman

D) a restaurant employee taking care of dinners’ car

2.Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because .

A) his car was inferior in quality B) he didn’t wear proper clothes

C) he failed to express himself clearly D) he is black

3.From the passage we can learn that .

A) both blacks and whites are bewildered by racism

B) examples of racism are becoming rare in the US

C) official segregation is forgotten because of bad memories

D) a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president

4.It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism

in the US because .

A) they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandings

B) they have never seen any instance of racism in their daily encounters

C) they believe African-Americans have made significant progress

D) they have treated black people as their equals on all occasions

5.Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berry’s

being watched at shopping malls is that .

A) she was a celebrity

B) she didn’t fit people’s idea of an Afro-American woman

C) many people nowadays are insensitive and rude

D) she is black

Passage two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have

become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?

Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

6.It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.

A) still judge a man by his clothes

B) hold the uniform in such high regard

C) enjoy having a professional identity

D) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

7.People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform _______.

A) suggests quality work

B) discards his social identity

C) appears to be more practical

D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

8.The chief function of a uniform is to _______.

A) provide practical benefits to the wearer

B) make the wearer catch the public eye

C) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

D) provide the wearer with a professional identity

9.According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.

A) are usually helpful

B) have little or no individual freedom

C) tend to lose their individuality

D) enjoy greater popularity

10.The best title for this passage would be _______.

A) Uniforms and Society

B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform

D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

Passage Three

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of the m.

The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice o r product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

11.By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

A) university researchers know little about the commercial world

B) there is little exchange between industry and academia

C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D) few university professors are willing to do industrial research

12.The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

A) keeps someone from taking action C) attracts people’s attention

B) helps to move the traffic D) brings someone a financial burden

13.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle

of her career?

A) Flexible work hours. C) Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

B) Her research interests. D) Prospects of academic accomplishments.

14. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A) do financially more rewarding work

B) raise his status in the academic world

C) enrich his experience in medical research

D) exploit better intellectual opportunities

15.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a

university?

A) Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

B) Develop its students’ potential in research.

C) Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D) Gear its research towards practical applications.

Passage Four

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become "in". Between the hours of 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m, college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can't wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters. Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they're a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets. One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials. During the 1960's, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance.

Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people's lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems.

16.What is soap opera?

A）Plays based on science fiction stories.

B）Plays based on non-fiction stories.

C）The daytime serial dramas on TV.

D）Popular documentary films on TV.

17.What can be the best title of the passage?

A）College student viewers.

B）Favorite TV serials.

C）Soap opera fans.

D）College-age viewers.

18.Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes "in" according

to the passage?

A）Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.

B）Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people.

C）Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.

D）Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.

19.What can we learn from the passage?

A）College students like soap operas more than any other social groups.

B）Young people of sixties liked soap operas more than people today.

C）Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.

D）The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain.

20.What message does the author want to convey to us?

A）The people's favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time. B）The people's favorites to drama works change along with the times.

C）The people's favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera.

D）The people's favorites have changed the drama works.

Part II Vocabulary and structure (1*20 = 20 points)

Directions: This part of the total 20 unfinished sentences. 4 options for each sentence unfinished parts, please from [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and Please apply your options to the answer sheet.

21.She wanted to go boating with Jack, but her father warned her ______.

A.not go

B.not

C.not to

D.don’t

22.“Is she at home at the moment?”“______.”

A.I’m afraid not

B.I’m afraid no

C.I’m not afraid so

D.I’m afraid not to

23.“How many books can you lend me?”

“At least, I can lend you five books, _________.”

A.if not more

B.not more

C.if no more

D.if more

24.She was not interested in swimming, but her husband _______.

A.did

B.had

C.was

D.would

25.Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _________ in her

grade.

A.any one

B.the one

C.anyone else

D.other student

26.They usually have less money at the end of the month than ______ at the beginning.

A.which is

B.which was

C.they have

D.it is

27.Iron expands when____ .

A.heat

B.hot

C.heated

D.is hot

28.Our national economy develops faster _____ ever before.

A.than it did

B.than

C.than it is

D.than is

29.All the people here, whether ______, will get a present.

A.they are

B.old or young

C.they do

D.old and young

30.Your son is much taller _____ I first saw him.

A.he was

B.than

C.than when

D.than he was

31. Fire can destroy the world if not ______ under control.

A. bring

B. bringing

C. brought

D. to bring

32. I gave John a present but he gave me nothing _______.

A. in return

B. in turn

C. in advance

D. in vain

33. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You _____ have come, but why didn’t

you?

A. must

B. ought to

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

34. He spent _______ collecting materials for his article.

A. half a year

B. a half year

C. half year

D. half of a year

35. The old lady _______ on hearing her son’s death.

A. broke in

B. broke out

C. broke away

D. broke down

36. Do your best and I’m sure you will ________ your classmates.

A. keep off

B. keep away from

C. keep up with

D. keep on

37.It’s not a good present for Grandpa. Let’s _____ something better.

A. search

B. find out

C. look at

D. look for

38.When the parents were at work, they _______ to look after the baby.

A. took turns

B. went on

C. worried about

D.took interest in

39. I'm sorry. The tickets have been ____.

A. sent out

B. sold out

C. sent for

D. bought

40. He is leaving tomorrow. Would you like to _______ at the airport?

A. meet him

B. visit him

C. see him off

D. look for him

Part III ClozeDirections (1*10 = 10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and Please apply your options to the answer sheet.

Most people have 41 Shakespeare (莎士比亚) and are somewhat familiar 42 his plays, 43 few know much about his life. In fact, little is known for certain about his early years and schooling. 44 is it clear why he left his native Stratford. Apparently he arrived in London 45 friends or money, and at first had to earn his living by taking care of the horses of theatre-goers. In time he became 46 for his wit and imagination and was invited to become one of the actors.

By 1592, when Shakespeare’s name first appeared in the 47 , he was already

a leading player in an acting company under the protection of a high official at court. He had started to 48 plays which attracted large audiences and eventually he became quite a wealthy man. 49 1600 he returned to Stratford, where he continued to write plays, 50 them the great tragedies Othello, Macbeth, and King Lear.

41. A. heard from B. written about C. heard of D. known from

42. A. of B. with C. for D. into

43. A. or B. that C. otherwise D. but

44. A. Now B. Nor C. Or D. Little

45. A. with B. no C. without D. lack of

46. A. brilliant B. recognized C. an actor D. a play writer

47. A. records B. theatre C. company D. Queen’s Court

48. A. perform B. make C. take D. write

49. A. Long before B. Shortly before C. Shortly after D. Long after

50. A. including B. among C. between D. all of

Part IV Translation (2*15 = 30 points)

A)Chinese English translation

Directions: Translate the following 10 sentences into English and write your version on the answer sheet.

51.漏掉一个字，你可以完全改变整个句子的意思。

___________________________,and you may change the ______________the sentence completely.

52.如果双方父母都在工作，他们通常有2辆车。

___________________________, they usually have two cars.

53.现在的考试你不能作弊，否则你就输了。

Now you can't cheat in the exam, ___________________________

54.一个大家庭的所有成员都可以享受一个更幸福的生活，当他们一起旅行。

All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life _______________

55.如果你毁谤我的教授，我会生气的。

___________________________,I will be angry.

56.政府采取措施来加快经济增长的步伐。

The government _________________________________ economic growth.

57.你这样未经邀请就坐下太不礼貌了。

It's very impolite of you to___________________________

58.客人离开后，她花了半个小时整理客厅。

After the guests left, she ___________________________

59.美国NBA 2015年的总冠军是金州勇士队，不知道今年能否会卫冕。

The United States, the 2015 NBA champion is the Oakland, California warriors, _____________________________________

60.国家的繁荣稳定、人民的安居乐业，都离不开房地产业的持续、快速、健康的发展。

___________________and prosperity of the people of the country, all cannot do without the real estate industry sustained, __________________________

B)English translation

Directions: Translate the following 5 sentences into Chinese, and write your version on the answer sheet.

61.Different countries and different people have different manners.

62.We must find out their customs, so that they will not think us impolite.

63.It is both the dream of the Chinese nation and the dream of every Chinese.

64.Your total score is 4 partial fraction mean values, the fractional part according to rounds up the law to leave.

65.In England, a guest always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it. This will make the host very pleased.

★绝密启用前

2015---2016年第一学期期末考试试题

科目：大学英语（A卷）

试用专业：2014级土木工程造价专业

Part IV Translation Answer section

51. ______________________________________________________________________

52. ______________________________________________________________________

53. ______________________________________________________________________

54. ______________________________________________________________________

55. ______________________________________________________________________

56. ______________________________________________________________________

57. ______________________________________________________________________

58. ______________________________________________________________________

59. ______________________________________________________________________

60. ______________________________________________________________________

61. ______________________________________________________________________

62. ______________________________________________________________________

63. ______________________________________________________________________

64. ______________________________________________________________________

65. ______________________________________________________________________