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《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料--高等教育出版社(张民伦)

《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料--高等教育出版社(张民伦)
《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料--高等教育出版社(张民伦)

《英语听力教程3》答案与听力材料

UNIT 1

Part I Getting ready

A.

B. Keys:

1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world's rain forests

2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2

Part II The Earth at risk (I)

A. Keys:

1.

a. More people--------→more firewood----→fewer trees

b. More domestic animals------→more plants-----→fewer available plants

a, b--→More desert----→move south-----→desrtt expanding south----→no grass

2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow.

3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine

B. Keys:

1: Sahara Desert

2: North America & most of Europe

3: top soil blowing away

4: tropical forests destruction

5: animal/plant species becoming extinct

6: climate change for the whole world

Part III The Earth at risk (II)

A. Keys:

1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.

2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.

B. Keys:

1: flooding in Bangladesh

2: Action to be taken

3: population control

Part IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming

Keys:

1: Warming up of the world

2: Effects of global

3: reduced potential for food production

4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.

Part V Do you know…?

A. Keys:

1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T

B. Keys:

Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you've a full load 6: a complete meal

Don’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim

11: hot food

Tape script

Part I Getting ready

A.

B.

1.The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.

2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN spongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports...

Part II The Earth at risk (I)

A.

I (Interviewer): Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?

B (Brian Cowles): That's right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and South-East Asia.

I: And what did you find in each of these continents?

B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants —and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass —nothing for the

animals to eat.

I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?

B: That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.

I: And what did you find in South America?

B: In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe. For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for exports as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals —one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rain forest has been cut down this century.

Part III The Earth at risk (II)

A.

I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?

B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows sraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.

I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?

B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate

that they are cut down.

I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions?

B: Yes, of course.

I: Well, thank you, Brian

B.

I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ... er... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?

B: Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees ...er ... would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.

I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?

B: Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.

I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions?

B: Yes, yes of course.

I: Well, thank you, Brian.

Part IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming

The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2℃every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.

Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen.

"Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the golbal warming that people are concerned about."

People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in

the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator.

"The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."

Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth.

Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily.

"Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of hear-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond sensitively to changes in climate."

Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.

Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.

Part V Do you know…?

Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had not gone away. One environmental think tank — the International Food Policy Research Institute — has been looking at the future of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.

In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold. And the institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon become the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world's growing population. Here's Richard Black of our Science Unit.

"It's often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. According to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase ten fold over the next 30 years, it says, which

could well lead to large scale conflicts.

The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture, which now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions water shortage is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the Indian State of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so far. But the IFPRI report calls for better water management worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation."

That report by Richard Black of our Science Unit.

Unit 2

Part I Getting ready

A.

B. Keys:

1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,

United Nations, wildlife, policies

2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species,

trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,

30000

3: United Nations Environmental Program,

leadership, environment, quality of life

4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) ,

1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,

top soil blowing away

C. Keys:

1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3

Questions:

1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife

2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up

3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely

Part II Christmas bird counts

A. Keys:

1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter

5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800s

B. Keys:

1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers

5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part

8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds

11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefined

Part III Dolphin captivity

A.

B. Keys:

1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 2

6: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.

7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.

C. Keys:

1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off

3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins

4: natural behabior patterns-altered

5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws

6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.

Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of Wealth

Keys:

1:9300 2:Habitat 3:warmer climates 4:300 different species

5:colder climates 6:habitat alteration 7:esthetic value 8:Birds' population

Part V Do you know…?

Keys:

1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times

3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million

6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%

9: 200 animal species 10: 1000

11: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quarters

Tape script

Part I Getting ready

A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.

B: The what?

A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means. B: Oh, all right.

A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil …

B: Oh.

A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted

for their ivory.

B: I see.

A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.

B: Really.

A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. B: Very interesting.

A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?

Part II Christmas bird counts

John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.

Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.

Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.

This year, according to Mr. LeBaron, more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple.

"Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."

Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers.

"Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."

Part III Dolphin captivity

A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captive dolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's Ocean Journeys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "No Dolphins in Denver' campaign. As Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn.

P: Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.

R: Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect a dolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity, the dolphin population is dead.

P: According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity. R: If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is very family-oriented. These animals are separated from their

mothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off of walls, they can't swim in the same amount of time and direction that they can in the wild.

P: Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:

J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as he could from one end of the pool on ... to the other side and destroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a very sophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to play with the lives of these animals. P: Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College in Oregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death. And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captive dolphins.

D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend in captivity has been that the group of animals that we're following are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.

P: There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.

D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watching them go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what an animal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds, what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.

P: But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.

R: In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death. There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs or fractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.

P: The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphins in the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.

Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of Wealth

Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it.

"Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to

other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."

National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect.

"People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality of life, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."

Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.

Part V Do you know…?

Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.

Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.

Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).

Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endangered. More than 1 000 animal species are endangered worldwide.

Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble. Unit 3

Unit 3 El Nino? La Nina?

Part I

D. warmer/ green house effect / sea levels/ climate zones

As 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.

Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is going to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what

crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.

E. Cyclone: North or south of equator / Typhoon:/ Hurricane: Eastern Pacific

Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.

Part II

A. Outline 1. A. weather pattern/ global climate

B. 1. twice a decade 2. 12-18 months

C. 1. warmer weather/ 2. wetter than usual/ drier

D. the decline of winds II. 1. droughts

B. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/ drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastward toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weather around the world/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ to become depletive/ the strength of it/

Satellite readings confirm that conditions are right for another El Nino, a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate.

El Nino’s normally show up about twice a decade and it lasts about 12 to 18 months, bringing warmer weather to parts of the earth. Some regions become wetter than usual, others drier. The El Nino, which began in 1991 has lingered through this year. Although several years might have been expected to pass before the next one, an American-French satellite observing the oceans has found a sign that El Nino may come back quicker than expected.

These kinds of things still happen. This is Brig Jacker, an oceanographer of the US Naval Research Laboratory in Mississippi.

Every year is unpredictable. One year might be El Nino year, one year might not. Generally El Nino’s come in four year cycles. But there’s nothing to say that you can’t have two El Nino years in a row.

El Nino’s begin with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South America’s west coast to around the equator. This allows warm water in the western Pacific Ocean to expand eastward toward the America’s. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warm water move eastward too. Radar aboard the American-French satellite detected the hint that such water movement began in early August and reached South America two months later. It saw a ripple called a “Calvin wave” moving slowly eastward. Such pulses sometimes give rise to El Nino conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific.

El Nino’s can change the weather around the world, but how much depends on its strength. A strong one in 1982 and 1983 has been linked to droughts in Australia and Indonesia, rains and flooding in South America, and unseasonably in 1991 has caused trouble. It has been associated with devastating floods in the US southeast last year and in the US Midwest this year. El Nino’s are hard on the South American fishing industry. The warm waters prevent nutrients rich cold water from rising to the surface, causing fish stocks to become depletive. Mr. Jacker said a new El Nino apparently would be mild but he is not betting on it yet.

The US Naval oceanographer says predictions are difficult because the strength of El Nino

depends on how winds affect the Calvin wave that has moved across the Pacific.

Part III Lick Observatory

B. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/

Origin of the name: a wealthy businessman

Size: one meter diameter/ second

Time: 1888

Present function: research/ an educational tool

C. way of observation: human eyes; in the cold/ TV screen

Gains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universe

Questions:

1.Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a region of the states high-technology.

2.Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of the

telescope at this won request.

3.By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing with

the human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency.

That’s an exchange.

It’s about an hour’s drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California, near the upper side of the state’s high-technology region known as Silicon Valley. As a visitor drives up the narrow winding road past red flowers, and eucalyptus trees, one of the first two seismographic stations in the world, it’s almost a surprise to glimpse the largest dome of Lick Observatory’s eight telescopes. Overlooking the world of computer age manufacturing are telescopes from the turn of the century which help shape our understanding of the universe.

The huge dome, housing Lick Observatory’s giant, one meter wide reflecting telescope, is one of the few instruments in motion this morning on Mount Hamilton. At the 1260-meter summit of Mount Hamilton is a small village of 55 permanent residents, some of them students in a one-room school house. But most at the research complex are visiting astronomers catching their first hours of sleep in an old dormitory after a night’s work at the telescopes. Reminton Stone, director of operations at Lick Observatory has worked at the top of Mount Hamilton for three decades. Now a part of the University of California, Lick Observatory got its name from a welthy businessman who never studied astronomy as MR. Stone explains: “And he came to San Francisco, just before the gold rush and he made a huge amount of money on real estate. When he died, he specified that some portion of his estate should be used to build the largest and most powerful telescope yet made and which was a 36 inch at that time. And at his own request he is buried at the base of the telescope. So this s a memorial to himself.”

The telescope with its ode-meter-diameter reflecting lens was the largest telescope in the world for seven years following its completion in 1888. and today, its’ still the second largest telescope of its kind. Although the one meter reflecting telescope is still used for some research, its hard to adapt today’s electronic instruments to the old historic telescope. Now, it is used mostly as an educational tool for teachers and the thousands of visitors who come each year. While the other telescopes at Lick Observatory are connected to electronic imagine devices that allow the astronomers to view celestial objects on television screens, the 19th century telescope allows direct viewing with the human eye. It’s one of the few giant telescopes in the world tht still requires some users to sit out in the cold under the dark sky and the dome. That brings a feeling

of nostalgia to Reminton Stone.

I really do miss being able to see the sky, and seeing these wonderful data appear in the computer screen is really nice, but it’s very divorced from the reality, from the universe. I miss a lot being in a dark place in these fields to look up to see the stars. We go out every now and then if we are working at…, we’re at the control room, we do go out to keep track of the skies, where the clouds are, and so forth, but one loses the romance and one gains greatly the efficiency. It’s a trade-off.

Astronomer Reminton Stone, who manages the Lick Observatory complex at the top of mount Hamilton, California.

Part IV. The national climatic Data Center.

A.Outline

I. A. 1951 B. headquarters C. satellites, radar, solar radiation system, airplanes, ships

II. B. collecting weather records from around the world D. publications about earth environment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.

B.questions.

1.The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguard

2.The office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin

Franklin and by the third President of the U.S.

3.You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephone

4.American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation

stations around the world.

5.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,

weather researchers and the general public last year.

More and more people need to know about the weather. Anyone wanting information about past weather conditions can turn to a center supported by the United States government.

The National Climatic Data Center reportedly has the world’s largest active collection of weather information. The National Climatic Data Center or NCDC was formed in 1951. it was established as a record center for America’s Department of Commerce. Its headquarters is in the southern city of Asheville, North Carolina.

The NCDC collects weather records gathered by a number of weather observers and the Untied States government agencies. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service and the coastguard are among those providing weather information. The center also collects weather records from around the world. Some information held by the NCDC is only a few hours old. Other records are a lot older. For example, the office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the United States Thomas Jefferson.

Today modern scientific equipment including satellites, radar and solar radiation systems help people learn about the weather. Information collected by airplanes and ships also is used. The NCDC organizes this information and helps prepare it for publication and other uses. The center assists in the production of written records, weather maps and pictures. The information also is shared by computer, microfilm and telephone. The NCDC produces several publications about earth environment. One has monthly and yearly records about weather conditions in

about 270 American cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stations around the world. It also has information from about 800 upper air stations which measure weather conditions at all levels of the atmosphere. The National Climatic Data Center receives requests for information from all over the world. Last year the center reportedly had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners, weather researchers and the general public.

Part V Do you know…?

Meaning: little girl

Time: the western coast of South America / The Pacific coast of Peru and Ecuador

Time: winter months

Duration: one to two years.

Evidence: the eastern Pacific ocean

Impacts: those of EL Nino/ drier than normal and others wetter.

Scientists say the weather event known as El Nino is ending. Scientific instruments have shown that the Pacific Ocean waters warmed by El Nino are becoming cooler. Many weather experts are expecting the change in ocean temperatures to lead to conditions known as La Nina. El Nino means the little boy in the Spanish language, La Nina means the little girl.

La Nina develops when winds near the western coast of South America strengthen. This causes cold air to form near the Pacific coast of Peru and Ecuador. Unusually low water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean are evidence of La Nina. Ocean surface temperatures there drop almost 4 degrees. La Nina is strongest during winter months in the northern part of the world. It usually lasts one to two years. La Nina’s effects can be just as severe as those of EL Nino.

Recently weather experts met in Colorado to exchange their findings about La Nina. The National Center for Atmospheric Research organized the conference. The experts agreed that the colder Pacific Ocean waters might influence weather conditions around the world. La Nina could make some places drier than normal and others wetter. Some reports presented at the conference said Southeast Asia is likely to receive a lot of rain during the present la Nina, so could South America, Central America and Africa. The northwestern part of Canada and the United States could be wetter than normal. The studies found that the southern untied States could be warmer and drier and more severe storms are possible in the western Atlantic Ocean.

Unt 4

Unit 4 Reports on Disasters & Accidents

Part I.

1.firebomb/ shopping/ several /

2.1,000 tornadoes

3.car ferry/ taken over/ Green Action Front

4.South Korea/ 270/ thousands

5.robbed/ 5/ lunchtime/ 10,000

6.hurricane/ 100/ twenty/ 100

7.Hijacked/ Tuesday

Part II. Hurricanes & tornadoes

A. 1. a storm 2. about 2000 3. the winds were up to 75 miles an hour 4. the Indian army

5. destroyed/ links / collapsed

6. more than 40 people

7. over 100,000 people

Large numbers of villages have been completely cut off. The official said the death toll could reach 2000. the Indian army has been called into help the relief effort. From Deli. Here is David Willis.

The storm with winds of up to 75 miles an hour struck India’s southeast coast, flattening homes, destroying crops and cutting transport links. Eyewitnesses reported tidal waves more than 12 feet high. The storm was followed by torrential rains, which swept away roads and railway lines, and flooded low lying areas. More than 40 people are thought to have died when a ferry sank. But most of the deaths have been due to flooding, houses collapsing or electrocutions. More than 100,000 people have been evacuated from their homes and are taking shelter in relief camps. After surveying the flooded area by helicopter, the chief minister said it resembled a burial ground. He’s appealed to the federal government to treat the incident as a national calamity. David Willis.

B. 1. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms appears to be over

2.in parts of Europe

3.During the past week

4.Affected

5.At least five

6.because emergency warnings were issued before.

C. 1. c 2 b 3. d 4. b

Nine hours Greenwich Mean Time. The news read by Wendy Gordon. The worst of the heavy rains and thunderstorms that have been sweeping parts of Europe during the past week appears to be over. Exceptionally heavy rainfall brought flooding to many parts of Germany, Switzerland, Northern Italy and France and chaos to rail and road transport. Although most flights are expected to be back to normal by this time tomorrow, there are expected to be serious delays on the German and Italian motorways over the forthcoming holiday weekend and train services are unlikely to be normalized for several days. A government spokeswoman in France announced that the damage to homes and property is expected to be at least four thousand million francs. It is reported that at least five people have lost their lives. Experts agree that casualty figures are low because emergency warnings were issued on the day before the storms began. The federal government in Switzerland has urged motorists and rail travelers not to travel during the next few days and no international traffic will be allowed on the main north-south motorway routes across the country until next Tuesday.

Part III. Earthquakes

A. Another earthquake, the fifth in three days, hit Japan last night. Hundreds of homes have now been destroyed or badly damaged, and thousands have been made homeless since the earthquakes started. Many of the homeless have begun to make themselves makeshift shelters from the rubble. Electricity, gas and water supplies have also been seriously disrupted. Experts believe that the country will be hit by more quakes during the next 48 hours.

C.

I. A. Sunday/ the 23rd B. in southern Italy

II. A. at least 400 B. many more than 400

III. A. in small towns and villages outside Naples 1. hospital 2. church 3. private homes

B. 1. eight or nine 2. in the streets or squares 3. countryside/ traffic jams 4. telephone lines/ 5. electricity and water

IV. A. 1. the fog 2. the cold weather B. road

It’s eight o’clock on Monday the 24th of November. At least 400 people are feared to have died in a major earthquake which shook large areas of southern Italy last night. As rescue work continues in wide areas of southern Italy it is becoming increasingly more likely that the present toll of 400 dead will rise much higher. The tremors were felt all over Italy, from the French border to Sicily, but the worst damage appears to be in small towns and villages, many of them very isolated, outside Naples. Naples itself has also been badly affected. In a little village about sixty miles east of the city scores of people are thought to have died as the earthquake hit a village hospital and a local church as well as many private homes. It appears that there was an evening service going on in the church at the time.

In Naples it was the old part of the city which was worst affected—many buildings of eight or nine stories broke apart and collapsed as the earthquake hit at around 8 p.m. last night. A large proportion of inhabitants spent the night in the open in the streets or squares and as smaller tremors continue, more chaos has ensued as townspeople rush for the countryside, blocking roads and causing traffic jams. Telephone lines have been broken and electricity and water supplies are failing—the fog and cold conditions are making rescue operations very difficult in some of the remoter parts of the south particularly where road conditions are not very good.

Our own correspondent has been to the disaster area and sends us this report.

Part IV Earthquake Tips

During an earthquake

When you feel an earthquake, duck under a desk or sturdy table. Stay away from windows, bookcases, file cabinets, heavy mirrors, hanging plants, and other heavy objects that could fall. Watch out for falling plaster and ceiling tiles. Stay undercover until the shaking stops, and hold onto your cover. If it moves, move with it. Below are some additional tips for specific locations: If you are in a high-rise building, and not near a desk or table, move against an interior wall and protect your head with your arms. Do not use the elevators. Do not be surprised if the alarm or sprinkler systems come on. Stay indoors. Glass windows can dislodge during the quake and sail for hundreds of feet.

If you’re outdoors, move to a clear area away from trees, signs, buildings, electrical wires and poles.

If you’re on a sidewalk near buildings, duck into a doorway to protect yourself from falling bricks, glass, plaster, and other debris.

If you’re driving, pull over to the side of the road and stop. Avoid overpasses, power lines, and other hazards. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is over .

If you’re in a crowded store or other public place, do not rush for exits. Move away from display shelves containing objects that could fall.

If you’re in a wheelchair, stay in it. Move to cover, if possible, lock you wheels, and protect your head with your arms.

If you’re in the kitchen, move away from the refrigerator, stove, and overhead cupboards. (Take time now to anchor appliances, and install security latches on cupboard doors to reduce

hazards.)

If you’re in a stadium or theater, stay in your seat and protect your head with your arms. Do not try to leave until the shaking is over, then leave in a calm, orderly manner. Avoid rushing towards exits.

After the earthquake checklist.

Be prepared for aftershocks, and plan where you will take cover when they occur.

Check for injuries. Give first aid, as necessary.

Remain calm and reassure others.

Avoid broken glass.

Check for fire. Take appropriate actions and precautions.

Check gas, water, and electric lines. If damaged, shut off service. If gas is leaking, don’t use matches, flashlights, appliances, or electric switches. Open windows, leaving building, and report to gas company.

Replace all telephone receivers, and use for emergency calls only.

Tune to the emergency broadcast station on the radio or television. Listen for emergency bulletins.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Part V. do you know…?

A

1.Main idea: to remember Tsunami victims

2.Time : midday/ 3 minutes of silence/ people stopped/ flags lowered to half staff.

3.Purpose: giving people a chance to remember all those who died.

4.1) Sweden/ 700+1200 Germany: +1000

B

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/15103528.html,rge earthquake/ epicenter under water

2.no/ most quakes no tsunamis

3.depending on distance/ near the earthquake/ immediately / hardest hit area/ two hours

away.

4. a. water/ seriously withdrawing or coming in for no apparent reason

b. feeling an earthquake / witnessing a landslide at the coast

unit 5

Unit 5 People & Places (I)

Part I

1.Australia is the world’s largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3,000,000

square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska) 2.the area of Nepal is about 54,000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world’s

highest peaks.

3.Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15,944 square miles in area. It’s bordered by

France, Austria, and Italy.

4.more than 20,000,000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock.

Most argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces.

5.Austria is 32,376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland.

There are about 7,150,000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city.

6.Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on the both sides of the

continent. It is a big country with an area of 439,828 square miles and about 16,300,000persons live in Colombia.

7.Saudi Arabia’s area is estimated to be about 830,000 square miles. Almost all of Saudi

Arabia’s 7,000,000 people are Arabs. Today Saudi Arabia’s vast oil resources are paying for the modernization of the country. Conditions there are changing more rapidly than they have for centuries.

8.Denmark proper has an area of only 16,575 square miles. It is the smallest of the

Scandinavian countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. But Denmark’s population of over 4,600,000 is greater than that of Norway and more than half that of Sweden.

Part II Canada

B. outline

I. A. second only/ B. 26 million people C. 1 the Great Lakes 2 the Rocky Mountains 3

the Arctic islands

II. A. 1. 2. overcoat/ a fur hat

III. A. 1. American Indians 2 Germans 3 Italians, / Inuit B. English and French

IV. A. seafood B. meat dishes D. the sweet course E. good beer but not good local wines.

V. A. most modern shopping centers B. 1 2. woolen 3. wood 4 leather 5 maple VI. A. the Canadian dollar B. 10 am to 3pm Monday to Thursday, till later on Fridays.

Thank you for calling the Daily News information line on Canada.

Canada is a huge country, second in size only to the former Soviet Union. Yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. It extends from the Great Lakes in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north. A third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.

There are great variations in climate. Winters are extremely cold except in Vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. Canadian summers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so you’ll only need lightweight clothing.

A quarter of all Canadians, mainly those living in the province of Quebec in the east, speak French as their first language. In addition, there are half a million American Indians, a million Germans and smaller numbers of Italians, Ukrainians and Inuit, Canada has two official languages: English and French, except in the province of Quebec where French alone is the official language. You’ll find English spoken virtually everywhere apart from Quebec and if you plan to visit Quebec City, you’ll definitely need a French phrasebook if you don’t speak French.

Eating out is a pleasure in Canada and you’ll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. Menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like Pacific salmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. For the sweet course, the specialty /speciality is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with

maple syrup. Beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring America, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good.

Canada has some of the world’s most modern shopping centers. Clothes tend to be slightly expensive by European standards but there are some bargains to be had. Good buys include moccasins, a kind of soft leather shoe made by Indians, woolen gloves and sweaters, wood carvings, leather goods and maple syrup, of course.

The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar. Banking hours are from 10 am to 3 pm Monday to Thursday and till later on Fridays.

Have a good trip, and thank you for calling the information line.

Part III Traveling around Australia

A.Sydney: harbor: take a boat trip in an old sailing ship/ at a backpacker’s hotel

The Sydney Opera House: see concerts

The great Barrier Reef: tropical fish/ glass bottom/ at a resort hotel or at a guesthouse Ayers Rock in Ulura National park: go hiking/ see cave paintings/ colors /at sunrise and sunset Kakadu National Park: go hiking/ wildlife / waterfalls/ in one of the campsites.

B. 1. T 2 F 3 F 4. T 5 F 6. T 7. F

Oh, David, hi! You know, I’ve been meaning to talk to you. I’m planning a trip to Australia, and I wonder if you could give me some advice.

Sure! What do you want to know?

Well, I thought I’d start my trip in Sydney. What should I see there?

Well, the most important thing to see, of course, is the harbor, which is the most beautiful in the world.

Oh, right. Do they have boat trips?

Yeah, of course, they do. They have wonderful boat trips! The one that I recommend particularly is a trip around the harbor in an old sailing ship.

Oh, that sounds like lots of fun!

Yeah. And, of course, then there’s the Sydney Opera House, which everyone knows about. And, you can see wonderful things there…concerts and opera and theater.

Oh, I definitely want to go there! Now what about places to stay? Can you recommend some place inexpensive?

Yeah, let me see… Probably, of course, you know I don’t stay in these places, but probably the most inexpensive place would be a backpacker’s hotel. There are lots of those.

Ok, thanks. That sounds good. Uh, where should I go after Sydney?

After Sydney, lets’ see…I’d recommend that you travel up the coast to the Great Barrier Reef, which is in North Queensland.

Right. I’ve heard a lot about it! But what is there to do there?

Well, you can go scuba diving and see the coral reef and the tropical fish up close…

You know I don’t like to get wet.

Well, there are always these glass-bottom boats you can travel on. They’re fabulous! Yeah, and there’re literally hundreds of islands you can explore.

Wow! And are there places to stay?

Yeah, sure. If you want to spend lots of money, you can stay at one of these fabulous resort hotels or, if you want o do it on the cheap, you can go to a guesthouse, which are much cheaper.

Right. That sounds good. Well, what next?

Next, well, I guess you should go inland to Ayers Rock In Uluru national Park.

Ayers Rock? What is that? How do you spell it?

It’s Ayers Rock. Its’ the largest rock in the world! You must know about it!

No kidding! No, I’ve never heard of it! What do you do when you visit it?

Well, it’s mainly hiking and trekking. You can walk right round the base of it if you like. It takes about five and a half miles, I guess, but it’s really well worth it. And there are cave paintings in the rock, and the colors of the rock at sunrise and sunset are just fabulous.

Sounds like I should bring my camera!

You sure should! Finally, let’s see, I guess you should travel north to visit the Kakadu National Park.

Kakadu? How do you spell that?

It’s a tropical forest where you can go hiking and see all sorts of wildlife…

Oh?

Oh, and there are some beautiful waterfalls there as well.

And do they allow camping there?

Yeah, there are lots and lots of campsites. The only thing is that you’ve got to watch out for the crocodiles!

Ugh! Well, David, thanks a lot! You’ve been a big help!

No problem.

I can’t wait to go!

Statements:

1.When David was in Sydney, he didn’t stay there for night.

2.The Great Barrier Reef is in South Queensland in Australia

3.From what Nancy says, one can know that she is fond of swimming

4.In Uluru national Park, Nancy can see the largest rock in the world.

5.If Nancy likes to walk around the base of the rock, she has to walk about five miles.

6.Nancy will bring her camera with her when she travels in Australia.

7.There are no crocodiles in the tropical forest in Australia.

Part IV. The Story of Denver

Outline

I. A. 1l6 kilometers/ one mile above the sea level

B. population:

C. 1. 300 days of sunshine a year

2. about 35 centimeters

II. Business and Marketing center

A.more than 1500 manufacturing companies

1.Main activity: food processing

2.other factories making equipment for the defense, space, high technology and

transportation industries.

3.gold production

英语听力教程 第三版 学生用书2 单词

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Book Three UNIT 1 Section One Part 1 Spot Dictation Houses in the Future Well, I think houses in the future will probably be (1) quite small but I should think they'll be (2) well-insulated so that you don't need so much (3) heating and (4) cooling as you do now, so perhaps very economical (5) to run. Perhaps they will use (6) solar heating, although I don't know, in this country, perhaps we (7) won't be able to do that so much. Yes, I think they'll be full of (8) electronic gadgets: things like very advanced televisions, videos, perhaps videos which take up ... the screen (9) takes up the whole wall. I should think. Yes, you'll have things like (10) garage doors which open automatically when you (11) drive up, perhaps electronic (12) sensors which will (13) recognize you when you, when you come to the front door even. Perhaps (14) architects and designers will be a bit more (15) imaginative about how houses are designed and perhaps with the (16) shortage of space people will think of putting gardens (17) on the roof and, and maybe rooms can be (18) expanded and, and (19) contracted* depending on what you use them for, so perhaps there'll be a bit more (20) flexibility about that.

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Listen this way 听力教程第三册-4 Unit 4 Have a Nice Trip Part I Getting ready Audioscript: ★ Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Its total area of 3 000 000 square miles is about the same as that of the continental United States (excluding Alaska). ★ The area of Nepal is about 54 000 square miles. Within its borders are five of the world's highest peaks. ★ Switzerland is a small, landlocked country, 15 944 square miles in area. It's bordered by France, Austria, and Italy. ★ More than 20 000 000 people live in Argentine. About 97 percent are of European stock. Most Argentines live on the eastern plains. Fewer than 19% live in the dry western and northwestern provinces. ★ Austria is 32 376 square miles in area. This makes it twice the size of neighboring Switzerland. There are about 7 150 000 people living in Austria. More than one third of the people live in or near Vienna, the capital city. ★ Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline on both sides of the continent. It is a big country with an area of 439 828 square miles and about 16 300 000 persons live in Colombia. ★ Saudi Arabia's area is estimated to be about 830 000 square miles.

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Unit 3 Talking about People Section 1 Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics A. Listen and repeat 1. A: Where were you at one o’clock? B: At one o’clock? At my mother’s. 2. A: Let’s ask him to let us go. B: He won’t let us go. 3. A: I saw them together. B: Where did you see them? B. Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. Friend: Hi, Linda. I hear you and John got married (l) last month. Linda: Yeah, we did, (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago. Friend: Well, congratulations! Linda: Thank you. Friend: Did you (3) have a big wedding? Linda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn’t want to spend very much because (5) we’re saving to buy a house. Friend: Where did you (6) have the reception? Linda: Oh- we (7) didn’t have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards. Friend: What (9) did you wear? Linda: Just a skirt and blouse. Friend: Oh! Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans. Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoon? Linda: We (12) didn’t have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day. Ah, here comes (13) my bus. Friend: Listen. (14) I’d love to help celebrate. Why don’t you two (15) come over for a drink next week? Linda: Sure. We’d love to. (16) I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday. Friend: Great. See you (18) next week. Linda: Bye. Part 2 Listening and Note-taking Bob: Look at that, Angela. True-Value is going to sell hi-fi’s for 72.64 pounds. I’m going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds.

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Listen this way 听力教程第三册-5 Unit 5 Meet People from around the World Part I Getting ready Audioscript: Presenter:Today Selina Kahn is in the arrival area at Gatwick Airport checking out today's topic -- national stereotypes. Selina ... Selinar:Thanks, John. I have with me Eric, who's just flown in with Virgin Atlantic from the USA. Eric:That's right. I've just come back from New York. Selinar:Is it as dangerous as they say? Eric:No, New York isn't dangerous, no more than any other big city, especially if you're careful and don't advertise the fact that you're a tourist. Selinar:And is it true what they say about New Yorkers, that they're rude, and that they only care about themselves?

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Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9 Unit 9 Romancing the Stone Part I Getting ready A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries. Audioscript: 1. The Louvre Paris is an ancient city, witness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once a royal palace and now one of the world's greatest museums. The Louvre is home to the most

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