【高二同步教程】高中英语选修6 Unit2语法：虚拟语气(2)讲解及练习

高中英语选修6 Unit 2语法教学案

Section_ⅢGrammar—_虚拟语气(2)

语法图解

【探究发现】

①If you had come earlier, you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.

②If you had told me the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now.

③Had I left sooner, I would have been there on time.

④But for your advice, I would have failed.

⑤He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter.

⑥It's high time that we began the work.

⑦It's necessary that we (should) learn English well.

⑧If only I had not been busy last week.

【我的发现】

(1) 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时，条件句的谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”形式表示，而主句谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”表示。(如例句①)

(2) 当条件句的谓语中有had, were或should时，可将if省略，同时将had, were或should提到从句主语的前面，形成倒装。(如例句③)

(3) 当主从句所指的时间不一致时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句②)

(4) 有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚拟语气叫含蓄条件句。(如例句④)

(5) as if引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气。(如例句⑤)

(6) 虚拟语气还用于某些特殊句式(结构)中。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧)

一、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词为had＋过去分词；主句的谓语动词为would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词。

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)

三年前如果有人告诉我我将大部分周末用来去野营，我会开怀大笑。

If you had come earlier, you could have caught the bus.

假如你早来一点的话，你就有可能赶上公共汽车了。

[名师点津]

(1)在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，可以将条件句中的if省略，把助动词had提前。

If I had worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.

→Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.

如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定已经成功了。

(2)句型“Had it not been for ...”意为“当时要不是……”。

Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been lost in the forest.

当时要不是您及时的帮助，我们就可能在森林中迷失方向了。

[即时演练1]

(1) 补全句子

① If the new safety system had_been put to use, the accident would never have happened.

如果新的安全系统投入使用，这次事故就不会发生了。

②If I hadn't_seen_it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.

如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。

③—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella.

—Yeah, we would_have_got_wet all over if we hadn't.

—今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高兴我们带了伞。

—是的。要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了。

(2) 把下面的句子改为倒装句

①It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the schedule.

→It_might_have_saved_me_some_trouble_had_I_known_the_schedule.

②If he had caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

→Had_he_caught_the_morning_train,_he_would_not_have_been_late_for_the_meeting.

二、虚拟语气的特殊用法

1．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气

有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示。常用的表达有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but等。

—But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble.

—Well, you know we're friends.

—要不是你及时警告，我们也许已经陷入大的麻烦中了。

—好了，你知道我们是朋友啊。

—Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor?

—No. I would have attended it, but I've been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days.

—你去听那个客座教授的讲座了吗？

—没有。我本来要去听的，但这几天我一直忙着在医院照看我奶奶。

2．错综条件句中的虚拟语气

在错综条件句中，if从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。

If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today.

如果昨天夜里下了雨，今天会很冷。(从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

If I were you, I would have chosen to take the job.

如果我是你，我当时就选择接受那份工作了。(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设) [即时演练2]补全句子

①—Do you have Betty's phone number?

—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't_have_been able to reach her yesterday.

—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？

—是的。否则，我昨天就不能联系到她了。

②Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't_have_written_his_famous_novel A Fare w ell to Arms.

如果海明威没有战争经历的话，他就不会写出著名的小说《永别了，武器》。

③Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't_have_found it otherwise.

谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，要不然，我们会找不到的。

④They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would_have_come_to our help.

在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。

⑤If we had_booked_a_table_earlier,_we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.

如果我们早些预订餐桌，现在就不会站在这里排队了。

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

1．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在It is demanded/necessary/a pity ...＋that ...等结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)do”，其中should可省略。

有人建议推迟这个会议。

It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once.

立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。

2．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用“(should＋)do”，其中should 可以省略。

My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him at once.

我的建议是我们应该立刻去帮助他。

It is our idea that she (should) go to America for further education.

我们的看法是她应该去美国进修。

3．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1) 在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等。

He walked

他走起路来像是喝醉了。

He talks as if he had been to many places in the world.

他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方似的。

[名师点津]as if/though也可以引导表语从句，根据情况也常用虚拟语气。

He looked as if he were a foreigner.

他看上去好像一个外国人。

(2) 在in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用may/might/can/could＋动词原形。

Let's hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them.

我们早点交练习以便于老师有时间改。

The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear clearly.

老师讲得很慢，为了让学生听清楚。

4．虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法

(1) It's (high) time that ...从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋do；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可以省略。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.

我该去学校接我的女儿了。

It is high time you should go to work.

你早该上班了。

(2) if only引导的感叹句中，意为“要是……就好了”。

if only中谓语动词的形式：

与现在事实相反过去时

与过去事实相反过去完成时

与将来事实相反would/could do

If only they were

如果他们现在在这里就好了，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。

If only she had taken his advice last night.

要是她昨晚接受他的建议就好了。

If only he could go with us tomorrow.

要是他明天能和我们一起走该多好啊。

(3) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。

May you succeed! 祝你成功！

Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！

[即时演练3]补全句子

①It is desired that we (should)_get_everything_ready by tonight.

希望一切在今晚准备好。

②My suggestion is that we (should)_send_a_few_people to help the other groups.

我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。

③It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done it?

打破玻璃的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的似的？

④It's time we got_up/should_get_up.

我们早该起床了。

⑤If only I had_not_made_that_mistake.

要是我当时没有犯那个错误就好了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．If he had_worked (work) hard last year, he would get a great success now. 2．But for the rain, we would_have_finished (finish) the work already.

3．It is suggested that the English Evening (should)_be_held (hold) on Saturday. 4．He behaved as though nothing had_happened (happen)．

5．It is time that he should_make/made (make) a decision.

6．If only I had (have) a bigger house!

7．If we had_made (make) adequate preparations, the conference would have been successful.

8．Their advice is that a new factory (should)_be_built (build) in their hometown.

9．Had (have) you followed the teacher's advice, you wouldn't be in hospital now.

10．If my car had_been (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

Ⅱ.单句写作

1．If_you_had_informed_me_earlier/Had_you_informed_me_earlier,_I wouldn't have signed the contract.

要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。

2．Had you repaired the house yesterday, it_wouldn't_be_wet now.

要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。

3．①I was too busy at that time; otherwise I_would_have_called_you.

②If I_had_not_been_too_busy_at_that_time,_I would have called you.

如果我当时不是太忙，我就给你打电话了。

4．I cut off the electricity in time. Otherwise there would_have_been_a_danger.

我及时关掉了电源，要不然就会出危险了。

5．It's time that we took/should_take_measures to stop pollution.

我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。

6．If only I had_apologized_to_her.

要是我当时向她道歉就好了。

7．They talked as if they had_been_friends for years.

他们谈话的样子好像是多年的老朋友似的。

8．It is important that this task (should)_not_fail.

重要的是这项任务不能失败。

Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空

Dear brother，

I'm now writing to you for your advice. How I wish you 1.were (be) here with me!

Yesterday afternoon, I went to a bookstore with one of my friends. After we went out, he showed me the book he had stolen. Considering he was wrong, I suggested he 2.(should)_go (go) back to return it or pay for it. But he didn't listen to me, otherwise I 3.wouldn't_have_reported (not report) it to his mother.

Now I'm really regretful. I would rather I 4.hadn't_let (not let) his mother know it. After all, he is my friend, without whose help, I 5.wouldn't_have_made (not make) so rapid progress in study.

But it is now obvious that he has begun to hate me. It seems as if we 6.hadn't_been (not be) friends before. Can you advise what I 7.(should)_do (do) now?

8．Were (be) you in my position, what 9.would (will) you do? I hope you 10.can (can) give me some

advice as soon as possible.

Yours，

Peter