英语四级听力题型分类讲解

英语四级听力题型分类讲解

一、短对话

对于绝大多数英语学习者来说，从刚接触英语听力考试开始就有短对话这种最常见、最固定的题型。短对话共有8个题目，占卷面总分的8%。该部分一般是日常生活中的对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、生活等话题。

短对话具有如下特点：对话是一男一女的形式，每人说一句，然后提问，卷面只有选项，没有问题;美式英语发音和英式英语发音的混合对话。

短对话按题型分类主要有地点题、人物关系或身份职业题、数字计算题、请求和建议题、判断推理题、因果关系题、词汇和习惯用语理解题、观点态度题等。各种题型的答题技巧在第二节中会作详细的讲解。

1.熟悉常考场景及常用词汇

大学英语四级听力短对话的场景每年都是比较固定的，在相同的场景中会使用到相同或相近的词汇，因此如果掌握了这些场景中的常用词汇，这对于提高听力理解能力起着非常重要的作用。

四级对话中常涉及的场景包括：诊所或医院(clinic or hospital)、餐馆(restaurant)、学校或校园(school or campus)、书店(bookstore)、火车站(railway station)、机场(airport)、图书馆(library)、邮局(post office)、银行(bank)、旅馆(hotel)等。

2.预览选项，预测谈话内容，抓住重点

最重要的是好好把握播音之前的时间，我们应该利用好这段时间来阅读选项。阅读选项的过程中要注意以下两个方面的问题。

首先，根据选项预测对话内容和提问内容。通过四个选项的对比和对关键词

的研究，我们就会预测出对话的内容和将要提问到的问题，在听的过程中就会抓住重点，解答试题就会事半功倍。

【典型例题】(2006年6月)

12.A) The woman does her own housework.

B) The woman needs a housekeeper.

C) The woman’s house is in a mess.

D) The woman works as a housekeeper.

显而易见，此题是有关housework的问题，因为四个选项中分别出现了does housework, needs housekeeper, house mess, work as housekeeper;由此推断此题是关于做家务方面的一个谈话，在听这则对话时，就可以轻而易举地对号入座了。

其次，根据选项确定提问的人物对象。短对话是一男一女的形式，通过对选项的分析我们就可以确定提问内容是关于男士的谈话内容还是女士的谈话内容，从而在听的过程中会有所侧重。

【典型例题】(2007年6月)

14.A) He quit teaching in June.

B) He has left the army recently.

C) He opened a restaurant near the school.

D) He has taken over his brother s business.

通过对选项的分析可知，四个选项的主语都是he，因此提问的内容集中在男士的回答上，在听的过程中要重点听男士所说的内容。

4.请求和建议题

【试题特点】

在请求和建议题中通常第一个说话人提出一种观点或建议，第二个说话表达同意还是反对，在表达同意或反对时，表达方式有时是非常明确的，有时是含蓄的，需要我们作出正确的判断。提问方式通常为：

What will the man/woman most probably do?

What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?

What does the woman suggest doing?

【答题技巧】

从选项特点来看，建议题的选项都是动词短语形式，且动词一般为原形或动名词形式，在浏览选项时注意这一点，可以为我们快速判断题型提供方便。

当我们在听录音时要留意对话中的动词，尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息，一般说来这些信息包含着最重要的内容。在留意动词的同时，要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息，尤其是不止一个选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候，只有留意与其相关的信息，才能根据问题对号入座。

同时，在听录音的过程中要注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。此类试题的对话中经常会包含提出请求或建议的句式或短语，如：Why don t you…? What about…? Let s…; You d better…; If I were you, I would…; I d like to…; You might as well…等，此类句式后面的内容有可能就是建议去做或准备去做的行为活动，很可能与答案直接相关，因此听音时需重点留意。

【典型例题】

【例10】A) To have a good rest. B) To see Monica.

C) To go abroad for the weekend. D) To take an exam.

【录音】

W: You need a rest. You’ve finished your exams. So why don’t you go away somewhere for a long weekend?

M: That’s a good idea. Perhaps Monica will come with me.

Q: What will the man probably do?

【解析】在女士的谈话中我们听到了表示建议的句子：So why don t you go away somewhere for a long weekend? 在男士的回答中出现了本题的关键句：That s a good idea，说明第二个说话人同意第一个说话人的观点。

5.判断推理题

【试题特点】

推理题是听力测试中难度较大的一类试题，这类题型在近几年的考试中题量较大。

其特点是：说话者采用比较含蓄的方法表达内容及意图，不能为答题者提供直接的信息。要求考生在听懂原文的基础上，利用语音、语调、语法、常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，辨别说话人的意图、暗示、态度、要求等。

这类试题一般选项较长，大都由完整的句子组成，并且每句话之间的内容并没有关联，这就增加了阅读的难度，对阅读理解的速度提出了更高的要求。

本类试题常常对what(做什么)、why(原因、理由)以及整个对话的含义提问。对话者通过语音、语调和重读等语音手段或否定、反问、比较、强调、虚拟、转折等语法手段表达怀疑、肯定、否定、赞同、不耐烦、感叹等内涵意义。

【答题技巧】

这类题型的选项一般是陈述句式，并涉及各个不同的方面。听录音前要熟悉

各选项的内容，以便一边听一边与选项进行比较对照，寻找与录音汉语一致的选项。

在听录音的过程中注意捕捉关键词。根据选项可以预测即将听到的内容，当关键的词语和信息来临时，要快速反应，将其抓住，作为推测答案的依据。

要注意理解话外之音、言外之意。这类题目答案通常不照搬原文，而需要对原文作出推理或归纳等，才可得到正确答案。解题可以从以下几个方面入手。

(1) 注意文字中的隐含信息

在推理题中，一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是要我们根据对话中揭示的内容去寻找与其有关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系。这种有联系的事物是可以在选项中找到的，这是此类题的一个主要特点。有的考生听到什么选什么，这一方法在这类题中是行不通的，因为答案在用词上与听力原文常常是不一样的。虽然有的答案在句义与上原文一致，但更多的情况下我们需要对原文作进一步的推理，才能正确作答。要善于联想，揭示事物之间的关联性，顺藤摸瓜。

【例11】A) Peter is ill. B) Peter cannot come.

C) Peter will come for dinner. D) Peter will come with his mother.

【录音】

M: Do you think we should invite Peter for dinner?

W: His mother is in hospital.

Q: What does the woman mean?

【解析】乍一听，女士似乎答非所问，但稍加琢磨，根据His mother is in hospital可以推断，Peter要在医院陪他母亲，所以不可能来参加晚会。因此答

案为B)。

(2) 留意对话中的转折信号词but

在含有but的一组对话中，第一个人的话没有什么特点，对于解题也不重要。第二人的答语中则含有一个中but句型。含有but的那句话往往是有两部分：首先是一个简单的短句，然后是一个较长的句子，but在两个句子的中间，把两个部分连接起来。在这种句型中，but是答题的关键，因为答案往往包含在but后面的句子里。but后面很多情况下都是提供一定的具体信息。鉴于这个特点，考生做题的时候应该紧紧抓住but后面句子的意思。

提升听力成绩的三大要素：

要素一、精听

坚持每天花半小时精听，不要间断。建议至少听三轮：第一轮：将没有听清楚和明白的地方标注出来。第二轮：第一轮中标注的地方仔细听，直到听懂，修改第一轮的答案。然后对照标准答案，错误地方的认真分析，标注。第三轮：边听边写下内容，可以先尝试短对话，再写写长对话，写完后对照原文，查漏补缺。精听的内容可以选择模拟题或05年以前的真题，剩下的真题留到后期做整套的检测。

要素二，泛听。

泛听的内容就不用局限于考试题型了。VOA，英音版《新概念》第二册或第三册，以及英文歌曲都可以作为泛听材料。吃饭时，睡觉前都可以听，不要求每句话都听懂，主要是让自己的耳朵适应英语语言环境。下载一批到自己Mp3里，这批听的大概意思都差不多能听明白时就换下一批。

要素三、掌握一定的听力技巧

听力基础能力的提升固然重要，但对于要迫切通过四六级的考生来说，技巧的掌握可使大家通关事半功倍。

短文与短对话题型的小技巧：

1、听什么就选什么：视听一致，边听边选，一一对应。

2、顺序原则：注意题目和文章的考点有先后顺序对应的关系。

3、解释原则：针对超纲的重要单词，如果是考点，后面会给出具体的解释。比如，03年9月份passage2，开头单词graffiti。

4、转折和对比原则：

转折典型词汇：如but，however，nevertheless，while，infact等等。

对比典型词汇：如compared to，unlike，instead，incontract to等等。

5、因果原则：

听短文的时候，要特别注意那些含有因果关系的词或者概念。

因果原则细分原因类和结果类的表达。

As a result;since，due to;because of;

6、开头原则：开头往往考到主题词以及主题句。

7、结尾原则：

在文章到最后的时刻和问题开始读的时刻中间会有一定时间的停顿。

这个停顿相当重要，使得我们明确文章结束以及最后说的什么。结尾往往考文章结或者主题。

8、人名原则：

无论是不是名人，都要关注人物的身份以及地位、贡献。

9、强调原则：

(1)含义强调

Specially，especially，indeed，certainly，only，certainly

(2)解释原则：

Which is，thus，that is，whichmeans

(3)举例强调：

For example，for instance，such as，illustrate

(4)结论强调

As a result，in short，in a word, in conclusion，all in all，in brief

(5)重复强调

短文中重复率很高的词或者概念往往就是该短文的主题。

主题题的考点会首尾呼应，也就是重复。重复率很高的词或者概念要特别注意。

长对话概论及做题技巧：

重点：通过抓住信号词来把握具体场景。

核心做题技巧：

A：人物关系：邻居?夫妻?同学?师生?同事等，能够为后面做题判断人物身份起到良好的铺垫。

B：动作行为：动词和动词结构往往是最重要的考察对象之一。

C：意见建议(suggest、should、would、could、advice、tips)

D：态度词：长对话往往涉及态度，观点的判断和speaker结论

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