2014年12月全国大学英语六级考试真题及答案及听力原文(第一套)

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of picture a nd then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give so undargument to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

“I’m going to need tech support”

Part II

Listening Section A

Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,

you must read the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

1. A) The man’s tennis racket is good enough.

B) The man should get a pair of new shoes.

C) She can wait for the man for a little while.

D) Physical exercise helps her stay in shape.

【答案】B

2.

A) The woman will skip Dr. Smith’s lecture to help the man.

B) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith.

C) The woman is good at doing lab demonstrations.

D) The man will do all he can to assist the woman.

【答案】A

3.

A) The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party.

B) Steve became rich soon after graduation from college.

C) Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage.

D) The speakers and Steve used to be classmates.

【答案】D

4.

A) In a bus.

B) In a clinic.

C) In a boat.

D) In a plane.

【答案】C

5. A) 10:10.

B) 9:50.

C) 9:40.

D) 9:10.

【答案】B

6. A) She does not like John at all.

B) John has got many admirers.

C) She does not think John is handsome.

D) John has just got a bachelor’s degree. 【答案】A

7. A) He has been bumping along for hours.

B) He has got a sharp pain in the neck.

C) He is involved in a serious accident.

D) He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam. 【答案】D

8. A)She is good at repairing things.

B)She is a professional mechanic.

C)She should improve her physical condition.

D)She cannot go without washing machine.

【答案】A

Question 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A)Some witnesses failed to appear in court.

B)The case caused debate among the public.

C)The accused was found guilty of stealing.

D)The accused refused to plead guilty in court.

【答案】C

10. A)He was out of his mind.

B)He was unemployed.

C)His wife deserted him.

D)His children were sick.

【答案】B

11. A) He had been in jail before.

B) He was unworthy of sympathy.

C) He was unlikely to get employed.

D) He had committed the same sort of crime.

【答案】A

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Irresponsible.

B) Unsatisfactory.

C) Aggressive.

D) conservative.

【答案】B

13. A) Internal communication.

B) Distribution of brochures.

C) Public relations.

D) Product design.

【答案】C

14. A) Placing advertisement in the trade press.

B) Drawing sketches for advertisements.

C) Advertising in the national press.

D) Making television commercials.

【答案】D

15. A) She has the motivation to do the job.

C) She is not so easy to get along with.

B) She knows the tricks of advertising.

D) She is not suitable for the position.

【答案】D

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

16. A)The cozy communal life.

B)The cultural diversity.

C)Innovative academic programs.

D)Imperative school buildings. A

【答案】A

17. A)It is very beneficial to their academic progress.

B)It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.

C)It is as important as their learning experience.

D)It ensures their physical and mental heal.

【答案】C

18. A)It offers the most challenging academic programs.

B)It has the world’s best-known military academics.

C)It provides numerous options for students.

D)It draws faculty from all around the world.

【答案】C

19. A)They try to give students opportunities for experiment.

B)They are responsible merely to their Ministry of education.

C)They strive to develop every student’s academic potential.

D)They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.

【答案】B

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A) It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.

B) It crosses the English Channel twice a day.

C) It is now about half way to the French coast.

D) It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.

【答案】D

21. A) Opposite the ship’s office.

B) Next to the duty-free shop.

C) At the rear of B deck.

D) In the front of A deck.

【答案】D

22. A) It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars.

B) It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck.

C) It is for the use of passengers travelling with children.

D) It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards.

【答案】A

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A) It was named a after its location.

B) It was named after its discoverer.

C) It was named after a cave art expert.

D) It was named after one of its painters.

【答案】B

24. A) Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time.

B) Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people.

C) Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate.

D) They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers.

【答案】C

25. A) They know little about why the paintings were created.

B) They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done.

C) They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings.

D) They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings.

【答案】A

Part II

Listening Section B

Directions：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

If you are attending a local college, especially one without residence halls, you’ll probably live at home and commute to classes. This arrangement has a lot of(26)_____. It’s cheaper. It provides a comfortable and familiar setting, and it means you’ll get the kind of home cooking you’re used to instead of the monotony(单调)that(27)_____ even the best institutional food.

However, commuting students need to(28)_____ to become involved in the life of their college and to take special steps to meet their fellow students. Often, this means a certain amount of initiative on your part in(29)_____ and talking to people in your classes whom you think you might like.

One problem that commuting students sometimes face is their parents’unwillingness to recognize that they’re adults. The(30)_____ from high school to college is a big one, and if you live at home you need to develop the same kind of independence you’d have if you were living away. Home rules that might have been(31)_____ when you were in high school don’t apply. If your parents are(32)_____ to renegotiate, you can speed the process along by letting your behavior show that you have the responsibility that goes with maturity. Parents are more willing to(33)_____ their children as adults when they behave like adults. If, however，there’s so much friction at home that it(34)_____ your academic work, you might want to consider sharing an apartment with one or more friends. Sometimes this is a happy solution when family(35)_____ make everyone miserable.

26._____

【答案】advantages

27._____

【答案】characterizes

28._____

【答案】go out of their way

29._____

【答案】seeking out

30._____

【答案】transition

31._____

【答案】appropriate

32._____

【答案】reluctant

33._____

【答案】acknowledge

34._____

【答案】interferes

35._____

【答案】tensions

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A?

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single

line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Children are natural-born scientists. They have 36 minds, and they aren’t afraid to admit they don’t know something. Most of them, 37 lose this as they get older. They become self-conscious and don’t want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make 38 that often turn out to be wrong

So it’s not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the 39 for learning that they were born with. It’s no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalized. Children naturally have a blurred approach to 40 knowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act-it’s all learning. It’s only because of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down the curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who 41 what they know. Thus once they enter school, children begin to define subjects and erect boundaries that needn’t otherwise exist.

Dividing subjects into science, maths, English ,etc. is something we do

for 42 . In the end it’s all learning, but many children

today 43 themselves from a scientific education. They think science is for scientists, not for them.

Of course we need to specialize 44 . Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we can’t study everything. At 5 years old, our field of knowledge and 45 is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little corner within science.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A)accidentally

B)acquiring

C)assumptions

D)convenience

E)eventually

F)exclude

G)exertion

H)exploration

I)formulas

J)ignite

K)impart

L)inquiring

M)passion

N)provoking

O)unfortunately

【答案】

36. L 37. O 38. C 39. M 40. B 41. K 42. D 43. F 44. E 45. H

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness

[A]For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy -People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.

[B]One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sor ts of good life outcomes, including - most promisingly - good health. Many studies have noted the

connection between a happy mind and a healthy body - the happier you are, the better health outco mes we seem to have. In a meta-analysis (overview) of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: “Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.”

[C]But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers tho ught. It might even be bad.

[D]Of course, it’s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece calle d “There’s More to Life Than Being Happy” about a psychology study that dug into what happine ss really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a h appy life.

[E]It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking” behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless “giving” be havior.

[F]"Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfi sh life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entangl ements are avoided," the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not h elping others in need.” While being happy is about feeling go od, meaning is derived from contribu ting to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "P artly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it d oes not necessarily make us happy.”

[G]The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher who specializes in pos itive emotions at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psy chiatric researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 res earch subjects.

[H]Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How often did you feel happy?” “How often did you feel interested in life?” and “How often did you feel satisfied?” The more strongly people endorse d these measures of “hedonic well-being,” or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.

[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured m eaning by asking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?”,“How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?”, and “How often did you feel that you belonged to a community social group?” The more people endor sed these measures of “eudaimonic well-being” - or, simply put, virtue - the more meaning they fe lt in life.

[J]After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Co le, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each o f the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI scanning to determine how regions in the bra in respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.

[K]Cole’s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene express ion pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to mak e ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene p attern that has two features: an increase in the activity of prion flammatory genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.

[L]Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meani ng in their lives - proverbially, simply here for the party - have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chro nic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cance rs.

[M]“Empty positive emotions” - like the kind people experience during manic episodes or art ificially induced euphoria from alcohol and drugs - ”are about as good for you for as adversity,” sa ys Fredrickson.

[N]It’s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in lif e overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance - they feel that they are low on happiness a nd high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last gro up, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed a whopping 75 percen t of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eu daimonic predominance” - that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.

[O]This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaning fulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sens e of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a deactivation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.

[P]Fredrickson’s p ast research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has map ped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person’s perspective and buffers people against adversity. So it was surprising t o her that hedoni stic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being.

[Q]“It’s not the amount of hedonic happiness that’s a problem,” Fredrickson tells me, “It’s th at it’s not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It’s great when both are in step. But if you have mor e hedonic well-being than would be expected, that’s when this [gene] pattern that’s akin to adversi ty emerged.”

[R]The terms hedonism and eudemonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happ iness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intelle ctual descendants, the virtue ethicists, think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, “The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things wit hout it.” Jung’s wisdom certain ly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.

46. The author’s recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life.

【答案】D

47. It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful.

【答案】N

48. According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measur es and high scores on happy.

【答案】H

49. According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not mak

e people happy.

【答案】F

50. Experiments were carried out to determine our body’s genetic expression of feelings of h appiness and meaning.

【答案】J

51. A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health.

【答案】C

52. According to researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life.

【答案】E

53. Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive.

【答案】R

54. With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning i n life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity.

【答案】L

55. Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health.

【答案】B

Section C

?Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. It has been kept going ever since by a succession of gurus and would-be gurus who promise to distil the essence of excellence

into three (or five or seven) simple rules.

“The Three Rules” is a self-conscious contribution to this type; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Messrs Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success genre. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”-guide to behavior rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business-people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage” and “detailed analysis”.

The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every

hunch(直觉) led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was

only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.

Management is all about making difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always uncertain and ever-changing. But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs.

Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo (光环) effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner

of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche (缝隙市场) and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find

that profitable niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is less useful.

56.What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?

A)Books on excellence.C) Books on business rules.

B)Guides to management. D) Analyses of market trends.

57.What does the author imply about books on success so far?

A)They help businessmen on way or another.

B)They are written by well-recognised experts.

C)They more or less fall into the same stereotype.

D)They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.

58.How does The Three Rules different from other success books according to the passage?

A)It focuses on the behavior of exceptional businessmen.

B)It bases its detailed analysis on large amount of data.

C)It offers practicable advice to businessmen.

D)It draws conclusion from vivid examples.

59.What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies?

A)Focus on quality and revenue.

B)Management and sales promotion.

C)Lower production costs and competitive prices.

D)Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.

60.What is the author’s comment on The Three Rules?

A)It can help to locate profitable niches.

B) It has little to offer to businesspeople.

C) It is noted for its detailed data analysis.

D) It fails to identify the keys to success.

【答案】

56. A 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. B

Passage 2

Until recently, the University of Kent prided itself on its friendly image. Not any more. Over the past few months it has been working hard, with the help of media consultants, to downplay its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.

Kent is not alone in considering an image revamp. Changes to next year's funding regime are both forcing universities to justify charging students up

to ?9,000 in fees.

Nowadays, universities putting much more of a focus on their brands and what their value propositions are. While in the past universities have often focused on student social life and attractions of the university town in recruitment campaigns, they are now concentrating on more tangible attractions, such as employment prospects, engagement with industry, and lecturer contact hours, making clear exactly what students are going to get for their money.

The problem for universities is that if those benefits fail to materialise, students notice. That worries Rob Behrens, chief executive of the Office of the Independent Adjudicator (OIA), which deals with student complaints. "Universities need to be extremely careful that … they describe the reality of what's going to happen to students," he says. "Because competition is going to get greater for attracting students, there is a danger that universities will go the extra mile."

One university told prospective engineering students they would be able to design a car and race it at Brands Hatch, which never happened, he says. "If universities spent as much money on handling complaints and appeals appropriately as they spend on marketing, they would do better at keeping students, and in the National Student Survey returns," he says.

Ongoing research by Heist tracking prospective 2012 students suggests that they are not only becoming more sophisticated in thinking about what they want from a university, but are also spending more time researching evidence to back up institutional claims.

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