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化学专业英语考试题

化学专业英语考试题

CH 3CH 3NO 2CH 3C O

OCH 2CH 3C O N CH 3CH 3COOCl Chemistry Speciality English Test 2006

(100 points, 120 min)

I. Translate the following words or phrase into Chinese. (20 points)

1) Inorganic chemistry, 2) coordination chemistry, 3) angular momentum,

4) lattice energy, 5) delocalized bond -π, 6) trans-isomers,

7) hydration, 8) molecular orbital theory, 9) functional group

10) random error

II. Complete the following problems.(30 points)

1) (5 points) Perform the calculations and express the answers in the proper number of significant figures. 52.987+9.3545+6.12 = ?

2) (10 points) A chemist needed 14.6g of CuSO 4 to perform a chemical reaction. (a) How many moles of CuSO 4 is this?

(b) How many moles of CuSO 4?5H 2O will give the desired amount of CuSO 4?

3) (5 points) In a single process, a system does 125 J of work on its surroundings while 75 J of heat is added to the system. What is the internal energy change for the system?

4) (10 points) Find the heat of reaction for )(4)()()(424g HF g CF g F g CH +→+ using the following heat-of-formation data:

III. Write in English the nomenclature for the following substances.(30 points)

1) CH 3CH 3 2) CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 3) CH 2CH 2 4) CHCH 5) 6)

7) 8) CH 3CH 2COOH 9) CH 3CH 2-O-CH 2CH 3 10) CH 3NH 2

11) 12) 13) 14) CH 3CHO 15) IV. Answer the following questions in English.(20 points)

1) (5 points )What does the abbreviation “IUPAC ” refers to?

2) (5 points )What is the Dalton ’s law of partial pressure?

3) (5 points )Write the four quantum numbers and write what they identify.

4) (5 points )Two substances are involved. One is a black powdery solid A . The other is a colorless liquid B that causes irritation if spilled on the skin. If some of the black solid A is placed in a container and the liquid B slowly added, things happen. The black solid begins to dissolve. The solution that is formed is not black, but very palegreen. At the same time, a gas

C begins to bubble out of the solution. And the air is filled with a terrible smell, like that of rotten eggs.

Please write the formula for compound A, B, and C, a nd write the chemical equation

mol kJ CF H f /925)(4-=?mol kJ HF H /1.271)(-=?mol kJ CH H f /81.74)(4-=?mol

kJ F H f /0)(2=?

应用化学专业英语

英译汉: 1.First, electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period……首先,从左向右横跨一个周期时每次增加一个电子。当这种情况发生时,最外层电子将受到逐渐增强的核引力,所以电子将更接近原子核而受到其更紧密的束缚力。其次,在周期表中从上向下移动一列,最外层电子受到核的束缚力将变弱。这是因为主能级数(屏蔽最外层电子受到核的吸引)在每族向下移动时增加。这些趋势解释了通过观察元素的原子半径、电离能、电子亲和力和电负性而得到的元素性质的周期性规律。 2.It is important to note that at equilibrium the rates of reaction,rate r and rate f are equilibrium mixture are usually not equal……值得注意的是,在化学平衡时的反应速率,正反应速率和你反应速率相等但反应物和生成物的摩尔浓度在平衡混合态时一般不相等。但是,事实上每种反应物和生成物在平衡时其浓度为定值,因为每种物质在一个反应中的消耗速率与其在相应你反应正的生成速率相等。在化学平衡提出之前,这种系统被称为动力学平衡状态。 3.This is a mathematical expression of the law of chemical equilibrium which may be stated as follows: When a reversible…………这是化学平衡定律的数学表达式,它可以通过如下所述:当一个可逆反应在给定温度下达到平衡时,在方程式中箭头右边物质的摩尔浓度的积除以左边物质摩尔浓度的积(每种物质浓度的幂等于反应方程式中每种物质的分子数)为定值, 4.Analytical chemistry,or the art of recognizing different substances and determining their constituents, takes a prominent position among 分析化学或鉴定不同物质并测定其成分的技术,因为可以解决每当化学过程被用于科学的或技术性的目的是产生的问题,而在科学应用领域中占显著地位。其极其高的重要性便得它在化学历史上的一个非常早的时期已经被辛勤耕耘了,其记载包含了分布在整个科学领域定量分析工作的一大部分。定量分析的测量也在许多研究领域:化学、生物化学、地质学和其它科学中发挥重要作用。 5.The interaction of UV and visible radiation with matter can provide qualitative identification of molecules and polyatomic……………紫外可见光与物质相互作用时可以提供包含离子和复合物的分子和多原子的物种的定性鉴定。分子和多原子物种,特别是有机分子的结构信息可以得到。这种定性信息通常是通过研究紫外可见光谱获得(紫外可见过的吸收作为穿过分子的波长的函数)紫外可见光的吸收带的形状和强度与吸收物质的电子的结构有关。分子通常是被溶解在溶剂中来获得光谱。 6.One of the most important features of fine chemicals manufacture is the great variety of ………………… 随着新产品持续不断地出现,精细化学品生产制造的一个最重要特征是产品的多样化。 因此,许多化学品都存在需求上的重大波动,如果每种产品都通过专用于某特定工序的车间来生产,投资和劳工费用将是巨大的。结合需要的不断改变和假设机器设备一般在它们设定的最大容量一下正常运行,这将使制造业的花费很高。因此,只有多产量的精细化学品或通过特殊的产法或纯度要求极高的化合物才可以用专门的车间来生产。然后,大多数精细化学品都是在多目标的或多产品的生产线(车间)生产制造。 汉译英:

专业英语考试重点

这是考试范围,第一道大题选十个单词或词组,第二道答题选十个缩写词,第三道答题选六段翻译1.写出下列单词或词组的中文。 multimeter 万用表insulation 绝缘transistor 晶体管,三极管envelope 包络线spectrum 频谱 binary 二进制 antenna 天线harmonics 谐波attenuation 衰减capacitance 电容differential 微分bandwidth 带宽propagation 传播transmission 传输optical fiber 光纤 channel 信道 multiplex 多路复用 modulation 调制telecommunication 电信impairment 减损 sampling 抽样,取样 quantizing 量化 carrier 载波 encryption 加密 scheme 方案?计划?设计?系统?trade off 综合考虑?权衡?协调?state of art 技术发展水平performance 性能,效率 ULSI Very Large Scale Integration超大规模集成电路 fier Foundation for Instrumentation Education and Research 使用仪器教育和研究基金会 2.写出下列缩写的全称 DSBFC double-sideband full carrier双边带全载波调制 ITU International Telecommunications Union国际电信联盟 FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换 IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform 逆快速傅立叶变换 LAN local area network 局域网 MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网 WAN Wide Area Network 广域网 WWW world wide web 全球网、万维网 HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议 GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用无线分组业务 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange美国信息交换标准码 ISDN integrated services digital network 综合业务数字网 ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line非对称数字用户环路 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 电气与电子工程师协会 ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织 FET field-effect transistor 场效应管 USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线 GSM global system for mobile communication 全球移动通信系统 CPU CentralProcessingUnit 中央处理器 LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器 CDMA Code Division Multiple Accessing 码分多址技术 3. 将下列句子译成中文。 ㈠The ratio of the capacitance with some material other than air between the plates, to the capacitance of the same capacitor with air insulation,is called the dielectric constant of that particular material.

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

1 Unit5元素周期表 As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽,我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。有超过100多中元素要处理,我们怎么能记的住所有的信息?有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数,它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。最神奇的是,周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型(原子是是一个不可分割的粒子,其质量决定了它的身份)不久,化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。在制定像这些元素表时候,他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。例如,人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。在当时知道的大约60种元素中,第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质,第三个和第十个,第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。 In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家,发表了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似. Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。他非但没有将那些空白看成是缺憾,反而大胆的预测还存在着仍未被发现的元素。更进一步,他甚至预测出那些一些缺失元素的性质出来。在接下来的几年里,随着新元素的发现,里面的许多空格都被填满。这些性质也和Mendeleev所预测的极为接近。这巨大创新的预计值导致了Mendeleev的周期表为人们所接受。 It is known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 我们现在所知道的元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能量能级的电子数。钠原子最外层能量能级(第三层)有一个电子,锂原子最外层能量能级(第二层)有一个电子。钠和锂的化学性质相似。氦原子和氖原子外层能级上是满的,这两种都是惰性气体,也就是他们不容易进行化学反应。很明显,有着相同电子结构(电子分布)的元素的不仅有着相似的化学性质,而且某些结构也表现比其他元素稳定(不那么活泼) In Mendeleev’s table,the elements were arranged by atomic weights for 在Mendeleev的表中,元素大部分是按照原子数来排列的,这个排列揭示了化学性质的周期性。因为电子数决定元素的化学性质,电子数也应该(现在也确实)决定周期表的顺序。在现代的周期表中,元素是根据原子质量来排列的。记住,这个数字表示了在元素的中性原子中的质子数和电子数。现在的周期表是按照原子数的递增排列,Mendeleev的周期表是按照原子质量的递增排列,彼此平行是由于原子量的增加。只有在一些情况下(Mendeleev注释的那样)重量和顺序不符合。因为原子质量是质子和中子质量的加和,故原子量并不完全随原子序数的增加而增加。原子序数低的原子的中子数有可能比原子序数高的原

应用化学专业英语介绍

应用化学专业 报告 学院:理学院 专业:应用化学 学号:20100153022 姓名:浦仕瑞

Applied chemistry speciality One、applied chemistry speciality-main courses: Training target:This specialized raise has the chemical basic theory, basic knowledge in strong experimental skills,can in scientific research institutions,colleges and universities and enterprises and institutions, engaged in scientific research,teaching and management work of the senior specialized talents. Training requirements:Students of this specialty mainly study the basic knowledge of chemistry,the basic theory,basic skills and related engineering knowledge,is the basic research and applied basic research of scientific thought and scientific experiment training,has good scientific literacy,have use knowledge and experimental skills in applied research,technology development and technology management of the basic skills. Main courses: Main subject:chemical Main course:Inorganic chemistry、,analytical chemistry(including instrument analysis),organic chemistry,physical chemistry(including structural chemistry,chemical engineering foundation and chemical mapping. The main practice teaching links include production practice,graduation thesis,general arrangement and a week of twenty. Length of schooling:four years awarded degree:physical or Bachelor's Similar professional:chemical applied chemistry chemical biology molecular science and engineering chemical engineering and technology Two、Four chemistry: (Inorganic chemistry,analytical chemistry,organic chemistry,physical chemistry) Inorganic chemistry:Inorganic chemistry relative to organic chemistry, the non carbon.However,some carbon compounds,such as carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,carbon disulfide,carbonic acid compounds,

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译

Unit 1 The RootsofChemistry I.Comprehension. 1。C 2. B3.D 4. C 5. B II。Make asentence out of each item by rearranging the wordsin brackets. 1.Thepurification of anorganic compoundis usually a matter of considerabledifficulty, and itis necessary to employ various methods for thispurpose。 2.Science is an ever-increasing body ofaccumulated and systematized knowledge and isalsoan activity bywhic hknowledge isgenerated。 3.Life,after all, is only chemistry,in fact, a small example of c hemistry observed onasingle mundane planet。 4.Peopleare made of molecules; someof themolecules in p eople are rather simple whereas othersarehighly complex。 5.Chemistry isever presentin ourlives from birth todeathbecause without chemistrythere isneither life nor death. 6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankindand al so permeatesall aspects of human life, although manyof us are notfully awareofthis. III。Translation. 1.(a)chemicalprocess (b) natural science(c)the techni que of distillation 2.Itis theatoms that makeupiron, water,oxygen and the like/andso on/andsoforth/and otherwise. 3.Chemistry hasa very long history, infact,human a ctivity in chemistrygoes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4.According to/Fromthe evaporation ofwater,people know /realized that liquidscan turn/be/changeinto gases undercertain conditions/circumstance/environment。 5.Youmustknow the propertiesofthe materialbefore y ou use it. IV.Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢.这三步

应用化学专业英语及答案

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(完整版)环境工程专业英语考试重点词汇

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应用化学专业英语翻译

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(完整版)测绘工程专业英语考试重点(包括单词)

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Unit10 Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons碳氢化合物的命名 Alkanes烷烃 理想的,每一种化合物都应该由一个明确描述它的结构的名称,并且通过这一名称能够画出它的结构式。为了这一目的,全世界的化学家接受了世界纯粹与应用化学会(IUPAC)建立的一系列规则。这个系统就是IUPAC系统,或称为日内瓦系统,因为IUPAC的第一次会议是在瑞士日内瓦召开的。不含支链的烷烃的IUPAC命名包括两部分(1)表明链中碳原子数目的前缀;(2)后缀-ane,表明化合物是烷烃。用于表示1至20个碳原子的前缀见表 表中前4个前缀是由IUPAC选择的,因为它们早已在有机化学中确定了。实际上,它们甚至早在它们成为规则之下的结构理论的暗示之前,它们的地位就确定了。例如,在丁酸中出现的前缀but-,一种表示在白脱脂中存在的四个碳原子的化合物(拉丁语butyrum白脱(黄油))。表示5个或更多碳原子的词根来源于希腊或拉丁词根。 含取代基的烷烃的IUPAC名称由母体名称和取代基名称组成,母体名称代表化合物的最长碳链,取代基名称代表连接在主链上的基团。 来源于烷烃的取代基称为烷基。字母R-被广泛用来表示烷烃的存在.烷烃的命名是去掉原烷基名称中的-ane加上后缀-yl。例如,烷基CH3CH2-称为乙基。 CH3-CH3乙烷(原碳氢化合物)CH3CH2-乙基(一个烷基) 下面是IUPAC的烷烃命名规则: 1. 饱和碳氢化合物称为烷烃。 2. 对有支链的碳氢化合物,最长的碳链作为主链,IUPAC命名按此主链命名。 3. 连接在主链上的基团称为取代基。每一取代基有一名称和一数字.这一数字表示取代基连接在主链上的碳原子的位置。 4. 如果有多于一个的相同取代基,要给出表示支链位置的每个数字。而且,表示支链数目的数字由前缀di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-等表示。 5. 如果有一个取代基,主链碳原子编号从靠近支链的一端开始,使支链位号最小。如果有两个或多个取代基,支链从能使第一个取代基位次较小的一侧编号。 6. 如果有两个或多个取代基,它们按字母顺序排列。当排列取代基时,前缀iso-(异)和neo-(新)也按字母排列,前缀sec-(仲)和tert-(特)在字母排列中忽略 此外,按字母排列取代基时,表示倍数的前缀2,3,4等也被忽略。 Alkenes烯烃 烷烃的碳原子间只有单键。烯烃在两个碳原子间有双键(两个键)。考虑到两个碳原子间以双键相连。因为双键用去了两个碳原子的共4个电子。所以只剩下4个电子以供成

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)

应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)

Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry I. Comprehension. 1.C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets. 1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose. 2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated. 3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet. 4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex. 5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death. 6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this. III. Translation. 1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation 2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so forth/and otherwise. 3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times. 4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment. 5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it. IV . Translation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以 来,化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人 们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三 步是:(I )物理进化(化学元素的产生),(II )化学进化(分子和生物分子的 形成);和(III )生物进化(有机物的形成和发展)。 V . Solution: (1)The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams. 1 24 1223H 1.6735100.083986C 1.992610--?==?

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