英美国家概况教学大纲
英语国家概况复习
The Republic of Ireland Geography and History
本章概论：
1. 爱尔兰共和国的地理特征
--- the Emerald Isle
--- The Central Lowland
--- bogs
--- the Shannon River
2. 爱尔兰共和国的气候
--- mild, moist and changeable
--- excessive rainfall
3. 爱尔兰共和国的人口和宗教
--- the Great Famine
--- one of the most Catholic countries of Europe
4. 爱尔兰共和国历史
--- The arrival of St. Patrick in AD 432
5. 爱尔兰共和国的外交政策
--- neutrality and nonalignment
1. 简答题：
Why Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle?
----- Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because of its rich green countryside.
爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫葱葱而被称为绿宝石岛
第一部分：Geographical Features
1. 识记要点：
Why Ireland has been geographically compared to a basin？
----- Ireland has been compared to a basin in which a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highlands.
2. 识记要点：
The central plain area is characterized by many lakes, bogs (wet areas) and low ridges.
Variety is the main feature of the lowlands.
The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland.
3. 简答题：
What is the largest river in Ireland? Why is it very important?
----- The largest river in Ireland is the Shannon River. It is very important because it
provides electric power for much of the Republic.
4. 简答题：
Bogs remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape.
第二部分：Climate and Weather
1. 简答题：
What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?
----- The weather of Ireland is described as “mild, moist and changeable.”
2. 识记要点：
Ireland suffers from excessive rather than deficient rainfall.
3. 识记：
The Central Lowland is the area of the lightest rainfall in Ireland, with two areas that receive less than 762 mm per annum.
4. 识记要点：
The climate of the Northeast is cooler throughout the year than in the rest of the country.
第三部分：Population and Religion
1. 简答题：
The year 1845, when the Great Famine began, marks the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.
2. 识记要点：
There are two official languages in Ireland. They are Irish (or Gaelic) and English. Ireland is one of the most Catholic countries of Europe.
Today 93% of the Irish population are Roman Catholics.
The Anglican Church of Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination.
第四部分：Historical Background
1. 简答题：
The arrival of St. Patrick in AD 432 was perhaps the most important event in Irish history and transformed the island into a centre of learning and Christian culture.
2. 选择题：
Henry VIII was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.
3. 识记：
The Penal Laws deprived Catholics and Dissenters of all legal rights.
4. 识记：
In 1948, Ireland voted itself out of the Commonwealth and on April 18, 1949 declared itself a republic.
A free trade area with the United Kingdom was established in 1966.
In 1973 the Republic was admitted to the EC.
第五部分：Foreign Policy
1. 简答题：
Since independence Ireland has adhered to a policy of neutrality and nonalignment. 2. 识记：
Ireland established diplomatic relations with China on June 22, 1979.
Ireland Today
本章概述：
1.爱尔兰共和国的政治概况
2. 爱尔兰共和国的经济
2. 爱尔兰共和国的教育和文化
第一部分：Political Structure
1. 简答题：
Ireland is a parliamentary republic and a unitary state under the 1937 Constitution. 2. 识记：
The head of state is the president, elected by direct suffrage for a term of seven years. 国家元首是总统，直接投票选举产生，任期七年。
3. 选择题：
The government’s responsibility to the Dail is collective.
4. 识记：
All the legislative powers are vested in the national parliament.
The national parliament has two Houses. They are the House of Representatives and the Senate.
TDs and Senators are elected for five-year terms.
第二部分：Political Parties
1. 识记要点：
Ireland has a bipolar political party system with two major parties: Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.
They are both descended from Sinn Fein.
Sinn Fein was split in 1921.
The only other national party of some size is the Labor Party.
2. 选择题：
The Irish Labor Party is the oldest of all parties in Ireland.
第三部分：The economy
1. 选择题：
Ireland is a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.
2. 识记要点：
Ireland is one of the least developed countries in the EC. Its small economy is marked by slow growth, high unemployment and imbalances in public finance.
3. 论述题：
What is the most significant recent development in Irish agriculture? Why do we say the most significant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community?
----- The most significant recent development in Irish agriculture has been membership in the European Community. EC membership enabled Irish farmers to participate in the Community’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and export their products to a wider range of markets.
4. 选择题：
Ireland is now the largest producer of lead and zinc concentrates in Europe.
5. 简答题：
*Turf is considered as a solid fuel in Ireland.
6. 识记要点：
Manufactured goods account for about two-thirds of total exports.
第四部分：Education
1. 选择题：
Ireland’s oldest university is the University of Dublin, of which Trinity College is a
constituent. It was founded in 1591.
The National University is the nation’s second institution of higher learning.
第五部分：Media and Culture
1.
Today the "Irish Times" is the nation’s m ost influential daily.
The Irish Independent is a best-selling daily.
Some 250 magazines are published in Ireland.
2. 简答题：
Irish newspapers are forbidden to refer to the Irish Republican Army because the IRA is an illegal organization in Ireland.
3. 简答题：
The most well-known Irish writer of the modern period is James Joyce.
Ulysses is Joyce’s masterpiece. The novel describes the events of one day in the lives of several people in Dublin, and explores their subconscious minds.
补充内容：
What is the significance of the Peace Agreement on Northern Ireland signed on 10th April, 1998?
----- An agreement was signed on 10th April, 1998 by eight of Northern Ireland’s ten political parties and by representatives of the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom who were the cosponsors of the talks. The agreement would create a new provincial assembly establishing a power-sharing arrangement between the majority Protestants and minority Catholics and return a measure of self-government to Northern Ireland after 26 years of direct rule by the United Kingdom. It would establish a North-South council promoting cooperation between Northern Island and the Republic of Ireland. The significance of the Peace Agreement on Northern Ireland is that it would end the violence in Northern Ireland and lay the foundations of peaceful coexistence between the two communities in Northern Ireland and between the North and the South.
The United States of America
Chapter 13 Geography
第一部分：Location and Size
1. 美国的地理位置：
The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.
2. 识记：
The two newest states Alaska and Hawaii are separated from the continental United States.
3. 简答：
Why does the United States have an ideal location for trade?
The United State has an ideal location for trade. Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasia.
4. 美国最大和最小的州：
Of all the states Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island is the smallest, but on the mainland Texas is the largest state of the country.
5. 美国两大主要山系：
the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains
6.
落基山脉的最高峰：the Elbert
7. 落基山脉--大陆分水岭：
The Rockies, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.
8. 名词解释：the Continental Divide
----- The Rockies, the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide, it is an imaginary north-south line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic.
9. 有关the Mississippi 的重点：
Lying between the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains is one of the world’s great continental rivers—the Mississippi. The Mississippi proper rises in the lake region in North Minnesota and flows south to the Gulf of Mexico.
The Mississippi has been c alled “father of waters” or “old man river”.
10. The Ohio River的别称：
The Ohio River has been called the American Ruhr (after the Ruhr River in Germany).
11. 太平洋沿岸的河流：
On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in the south, and the Columbia, which rises in Canada.
12. 美国的大湖区：
The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan (the only one entirely in the U.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
注：可以用Homes 这个单词来帮助同学们记忆美国的五大湖，H 代表Lake Huron, O 代表Lake Ontario, M代表Lake Michigan, E代表Lake Erie, S代表Lake Superior. 其中Lake Superior是世界上最大的淡水湖, Lake Michigan完全在美国境内
13. 五大湖的重要性：
The Great Lakes are the economic lifeline of the Midwest, they provide cheap transportation for materials
14. 简答：
What are the benefits of the lakes, rivers and seacoasts of the United States?
----- The long and irregular seacoasts provide many excellent harbors. A large network of lakes and the Atlantic and Gulf rivers links the interior of the country with the coastal cities. Many swift rivers provide good sources of hydroelectric power.
15. 论述：
What are the factors which influence the climate of the United States?
----- (1). The United States is located in the middle latitudes north of the equator. Like China many seasonal changes are found there.
(2). The cilmate of the United States is influenced by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes. These large bodies of water help keep temperatures moderate in the regiones bordering them.
(3). Ocean currents influence the climate over wide regions. The southeastern coast is warmed by the Gulf Stream. New England is cooled by the waters of the Labrador Current, which enters the Gulf of Maine.
(4). The western mountain ranges have an important effect on the climate of the Far East. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges prevent westerly winds from bringing moisture to the intermountain region of the West. The Interior Plains of the Midwest, on the other land, are exposed to both the cold northern winds from Canada and the tropical winds from the Gulf of Mexico.
16. 有关New England 的重点：
---New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America. It was the chief centre of the American War of Independence of 1776 and was also the nation’s first industrial area.
---New England is also well-known for its position in education. Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are located here.
---Because of New England’s cool climate, beautiful scenery, and places o f historic interest, tourism is quite developed here and is one of the most profitable industries. ---New Englanders were originally known as Yankees, which came to stand for all
Americans.
17. 为什么Midwest 的农业比较发达？
----- Midwest is a low area. Many parts are flat. The climate is humid continental. The soil is rich, the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long. These factor make the Midwest America’s most important agricultural area.
18. 关于Chicago：
Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial centre of the area. Chicago is also the cultural capital of the Midwest. 19.
Omaha, known as the agricultural capital of the United States.
20.
The South now contains 90% of the American textile industry.
21. The West 被分为三部分：
The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains; the Rocky Mountains; the Intermountain Basin and Plateaus.
22.
Colorado has been called the steel city of the west.
23. 美国著名的国家公园：
Yellowstone National Park / Rocky Mountain National Park / Glacier National Park 24. 胡佛水坝
Hoover Dam built on the border between Nevada and Arizona is one of the highest dams in the United States.
25. 科罗拉多大峡谷
The Grand Canyon in north-western Arizona is one of nature’s most impressive sigh ts. The bright colors of the canyon walls are a wonderful sight.
26. The Intermountain area 的各大城市及其特点：
--- Phoenix is the largest city in this area. It is famous as a health resort and vacation spot.
--- Tucson is a well-known winter resort
--- Albuquerque is a centre for touring the lands of Native American Peoples and is the site of New Mexico’s state university.
--- Salt Lake City is the centre of transportation and trade for a large part of the area. The largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.
27. 关于the region of the Pacific Coast 的重点：
The region of the Pacific Coast is characterized by a series of mountain ranges and fertile river valleys.
California’s Imperial Valley is one of the world’s most famous irrigated areas.
28. 关于Hawaii：
Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active volcano, is located on Hawaii and erupts from time to time.
Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.
Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii.
Population, Race and Ethnic Groups
1. 关于美国人口：
The United States of America, with a population of 255.5 million in July1992, is the third most population country in the world after China and India.
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth.
2.
*The United States had a more or less open-door policy to immigrants from independence until the 1960s.
*Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.
3. 简答：
Why the United States has long been known as a nation of immigrants?
----- The United States has long been known as a nation of immigrants because many of its people descend from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land then populated by native American tribes.
4.
The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. 5. 名词解释：indentured servants
----- In early settlement in America, some came to the new Continent as indentured servants. These were poor people in Europe who wanted to seek better life in America yet had no money to pay the cross-Atlantic fare. They signed contracts with companies or individuals, committing to work for their masters a specified term in exchange for the journey’s expenses to America.
6.
the largest immigration movement took place in 1815
7. 论述题：
Say something about the three immigration waves.
----- The first immigration wave began in the mid 1810s, grew steadily during the 1830s and 40s and reached the highest point in1845. The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The third wave was the largest of he three, it happended between 1890 and 1914.
8.
Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people.
9. 论述题：
Describe the 4 population movements in the U.S.
答题要点：
*the first movement: from the end of the Civil War to 1880 --- westward movement *the second movement: from 1890 to 1920 --- from rural areas to cities
*the third movement: from 1920 to 1960, with the 1940s, the war years, as the peak --- a large number of black people move out of the South to other areas
*the forth movement: from the end of the 1960s till now --- from the Northeast and Central North to the West and the South, that is, to the sunbelt areas
10. 有关The blacks 的重点：
*The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the blacks.
*The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.
*In order to keep the black slaves under control, the slave-owners resorted to brutal methods.
*"Uncle Tom’s Cabin" and "Roots" are two novels giving a vivid description of th e miserable life of the black slaves.
*The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
*The poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groups. 11. 简答或名词解释：
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 added protections for the blacks for the right to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people. It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities.
12. 识记：
The V ote Rights Act of 1965 was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote
13. 名词解释：Hispanics
----- Hispanics refer to the Spanish-speaking population of the United States, who is large, diverse and rapidly growing one.
14.
Three major Hispanic groups historically have had the greatest influence on the United States, Mexican-Americans, or Chicanos, make up the largest group; the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.
15.
The most important obstacle to Hispanic success in the labor market is their low education.
16. 有关the Asian-Americans 的重点：
*The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.
*Experts say three Asian traditions best explain the success of Asian-Americans: education, hard work, and family.
*The largest group of Asian-Americans are the Chinese-Americans.
*Most of the Chinese settled in California.
17. 名词解释：powwow
----- The American Indians are making efforts to keep and develop their cultures, one example is the reappeara nce of the “powwow”, a community celebration including crafts, food, dance, song and the playing of drums.
18. 名词解释：WASPs
----- Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.
英美文化概况之英国篇
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
《新视野大学英语读写教程1》课程标准
《新视野大学英语读写教程1》课程标准 课程性质：必修课 课程类型： B类（理论+实践） 学分：6学分 学时： 68学时（4学时/周，上课总周数17周） 适用专业：英语教育 考核要求：闭卷考试，平时成绩占50%，期末考试成绩占50% 一、课程性质与任务 课程性质：本课程是英语教育专业的一门基础必修课，是英语专业的主干课程。课程任务：学生系统掌握英语语言基础知识，具体包括语言体系知识（指语音、词汇和语法结构等方面的内容）、话语知识和跨文化交际知识，全面培养学生的语言能力，具体包括学习策略能力、语言尝试能力、语言思维能力和语言交际能力，使学生初步了解英语国家的文化背景知识。 同期及后续课程：《英语语音语调》、《英语听说》、《英语泛读》、《英语口语》、《英语语法》、《英语写作》、《英汉互译》、《英语国家概况》等课程。 二、课程教学基本要求 1．知识要求 （1）掌握英语语音的基础知识； （2）掌握语法基础知识； （3）掌握词汇2500个； （4）掌握篇章结构的分析理论； 2、技能要求： 听力理解能力：能听懂英语授课，能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座，练习收听英语国家慢速英语节目，语速为每分钟80词左右，能掌握其中心大意，抓住要点，能运用基本的听力技巧帮助理解。
口语表达能力：能在学习过程中用英语交流，并能就某一主题进行讨论。能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈；能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确；能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。 阅读理解能力：能够基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟80词；在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时，阅读速度达到每分钟70词，能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节；能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料；能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。 书面表达能力：能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务，能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出80词的短文，内容基本完整、用词恰当，语篇连贯。 翻译能力：能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译，英汉译速为每小时100英语单词，汉英译速为每小时50个汉字；译文基本流畅，能在翻译时使用适当的翻译技巧。 3、素质要求： 针对英语教育专业的知识技能的特点，培养学生在幼儿英语教学和小学英语课堂教学的能力，提高学生的综合素质。 三、教学条件 1、教师任职条件 本科以上英语专业学历，身心健康，热爱教育工作，热爱学生；有较强的教学能力、教育科研能力和创新能力，具有一定的教育学、心理学基本知识，并能运用在实际教学过程中。另外要求教师具有制作多媒体课件进行教学设计的能力，并具有应用现代教育技术进行教学的能力。 2、实践教学条件 校内实训条件：语言实验室、英语角、英语演讲比赛等。能容纳60人、安装多媒体投影仪设备的教室一间。 四、教学内容及学时安排
英语国家概况教学大纲
英语国家概况教学大纲 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
《英语国家概况》课程教学大纲 课程名称：英语国家概况计划学分：2学分 计划学时：32学时课程性质：选修课 课程类型：专业课面向专业：商务英语、应用英语专业 编制单位：外语系编制时间：2012年8月 一、课程的性质、地位和作用 随着我国对外交往的日益频繁和涉外工作的需要，大学生不仅要学好英语，提高语言应用能力，还应加深对英语国家社会与文化生活基本情况的了解，从而在工作和生活中更好地进行跨文化交流。本课程就是根据此需要，根据《大学英语课程教学要求》而开设的选修课，体现了英语教学必须实行语言教学与文化知识课程紧密相结合的原则，有利于基础阶段语言教学与文化知识教学的相互促进。 二、教学目的及要求 本课程涉及了英语国家的地理、历史、语言发展、文化、社会等方面，目的在于扩大学生视野、对于英语国家的理解不仅从经济、政治的角度，而且要从社会、文化的角度来看问题。 1.提供了一个对于英语国家的中立的、恰当的、多角度的、贴近实际 的调查。 2.提高学生思维能力、分析和解决问题的能力。 3.培养学生对于人类和社会的客观的、健康的、科学的人生观、价值 观。
4.培养能把英语的语言基础知识和广阔的文化背景知识结合在一起的 优秀英语人才，即复合型人才。 5.帮助学生对于英语文学、报纸、杂志、脱口秀、英语笑话等的理 解。 三、课程的章节、具有的深度、广度、难点、重点 Chapter 1 Geography, People and Language 通过对本章的学习，了解英语国家的地理、气候、主要城市、人民、英语语言的发展。 重点：地理、人口特点 难点：英语语言发展的三个阶段 Chapter 2 History 从国家的建立、进入封建社会、到现代社会的转化，全面地了解英语国家的历史。 重点：历史转折性事件、关键人物、工业革命、现代社会 难点：两次世界大战以及其对英语国家的影响 Chapter 3 Government 了解英语国家的宪法、政府、政党、选举等。 重点：英语国家的立法机关、行政机关、司法机关 难点：不同政治体制下这三者的关系、作用 Chapter 4 Economy 了解英语国家的近代经济、现代经济。 重点：英语国家的近现代经济 难点：在国家经济中起重要作用的产业
英美国家概况课后答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案 1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ? 1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores…. 2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ? 2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century. 3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain. 3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation. 4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ? 4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use. 5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there? 5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.
英语国家概况标准模拟试卷五
I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, I point for each) 1.The British Isles are made up of _A_ large islands and hundreds of small ones. A.two B. three C. four D.five 2.The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes captured York , an important center of Christianity in _B_ A. 835 B. 867 C. 876 D.878 3.The spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of _D_, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B.the barons C.the church D.the king 4.The nobles force King John to sign _A_ on June 19, 121 5. A. the Great Charter B. the People's Charter C.the Declaration of Btreda D.the Bill of Rights. 5.In _C_ , Philip II of Spain dispateched the fleet to invade Englad without success. A. 1585 B.1587 C. 1588 D.1589 6.The Commonwealth of England created by Oliver Cromwell lasted only _B_ years. A. 10 B.11 C.12 D.13 7.One of Cromwell's first acts after declaring England a Commonwealth, was to crush a rebellion in _D_ A. Scotland B.Wales C. England D.Ireland. 8.The first steam engine was devised by _b_ at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design. A. Robert Bakewell B.Thomas Newcomer C.Jethro Tull D.Thomas Coke 9.By _A_ Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set". A. 1900 B.1910 C. 1920 D.1930 10.The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo on June 28, _B_, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A. 1913 B. 1914 C. 1915 D.1916 11.At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, becaus_D_. A. people did not support his postwar policies B. Britain's old-colonial possessions were left C. Britain failed to become a full member of the EEC D. people wanted to forget about the war behind them and as Churchill had symbolized the war effort 12.In 1982, teh Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _a_ A. Argentina B.Brazil C. Peru D.Columbia
英美国家历史与文化答案精修订
英美国家历史与文化答 案 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
Chapter 1 Land and History 1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each) 1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_. A.George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Roger Williams D. John Adams 2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_. A. Manifest destiny B. Religious freedom C. Intolerant moralism D. Separation of state and church 3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D. A. Silent movies B. Ku Klux Klan C. Prohibition D. Television 4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_. A. The Senate B.the Supreme Court C. The Department of Justice D. The Federal Reserve 5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration B A. Vietnamization B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Watergate Scandal D. Re-establishing US with China. 2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5 points for each) 1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal 2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry 3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal 4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis 5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War 3.Translate the English passage into Chinese. When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect. 当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的 山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的 大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这 片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。 Chapter 2 Government and Politics
英语国家概况课程标准
《英语国家概况》课程标准 课程代码： 课程名称：英语国家概况 适用专业（群）：英语 1.前言 1.1 课程性质与任务 本课程是英语专业以及相关英语专业的一门核心课程，同时也是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业必修课程。因为外语教学不仅要向学生传授语言知识，还应让学生了解目的语国家的文化背景，所以该课程也是作为他们深化英语语言基础和提高交流能力的重要部分。 它是一门介绍英语国家(包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰)社会文化综合背景知识的课程。所以它也是一门实用性很强的文化知识课程，内容所涉及的知识领域繁多复杂，例如地理、历史、经济、政体、教育、艺术、哲学、性格、民俗、宗教等。本课程为英语专业各阶段各门课程提供一个大的社会文化背景，促进各门课程之间的互动和交融，从而加深学生对英语语言、文学及文化的理解和掌握。所以本课程的教学任务是使学生了解主要英语国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。 1.2 设计思路 本课程主要以启发学生在大学阶段的学习自主性、分析思考的能动性、和在知识积累基础上的创造性为导向，以认识和解读英语国家文化为切入点，深化语言学习与文化学习的内涵关联，提升学习语言的实效和在真实世界中的应用能力。具体教学实施中，通过把本课程中所要求掌握的国家的社会和文化等基础背景知识按相关过程分成若干项目，通过课堂作业，讨论以及学生展示的方法，使学生能够分析和对照英美文化与中国文化间的差异，从而掌握在跨文化交际过程中培养较好的表达能力。本课程总学时36学时，2学分。 2、课程培养目标 通过对本课程教学，培养学生具有一定的创新思维能力、科学的工作方法以及解决问题的能力，开阔学生的视野，扩大知识面，弥补文化背景知识的不足，为大学阶段的外语学习和以后的英语教学工作打下良好的基础。 在知识方面，使学生对英美两国的地理风貌、重大历史事件、重要历史文件、政体制度、教育制度、家庭生活、风俗习惯、价值观念等有一个较系统和清楚的了解，使语言教学与文化知识紧密结合，提高学生跨文化交际能力及文化思考力。 在素质方面，提高学生自身的文化修养、专业素养，在提高学生文化意识的基础上，提高学生的文化观察能力、文化思索能力、文化甄别能力和文化探索能力。 在能力方面，培养学生养成良好的阅读习惯，以及团结合作精神来解决相关问题。 3、课程内容、要求及教学设计 全课程共分五部分。分别介绍五个国家（英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰）的概况，涉及面覆盖了历史、地理、政治、经济、社会、文化、教育、娱乐等方面。同时，通
《英美概况》教学大纲
《英美概况》教学大纲 课程编号：12307058 课程名称：英美概况 学时分配：36学时，2-19 学分：2分 考核方式：考查，闭卷 课程类别：专业限选课 面向对象：外事二年级学生 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美概况》是介绍英语国家社会与文化入门的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。把学生培养成为高素质的人才，同时又能爱祖国、热爱社会主义，致力为祖国的繁荣、发达而努力的人才，培养学生树立正确世界观。 同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过比较学习不同文化中具有特殊文化涵义的词语与表达式，可以促使学生掌握一些特殊词语的深层次意义，是对词汇的学习以及翻译水平的提高的有益补充；通过开展中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的因素有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，必将为英语学习者成功地参与国际商务活动，更有效地进行国际合作与交流打下坚实的文化基础。
二、课程的基本要求： 要求熟悉英语国家的地理、历史、发展现状、文化传统、风俗习惯，具有较强的跨文化交际意识。 三、课程的主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的地理、历史、政体制度、教育、新闻媒体、风俗习惯等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。 四、课程教学内容与要求 第一章：美国简况（国家的组成、国土等）（2学时） 教学要求：通过教学使学生掌握美国地理简况：国家的基本组成，国土等。以及美国国家形成的基本历史发展过程。 教学重点：美国国家形成过程中产生的几个重要的历史事件。 教学难点：分析并了解American Revolution产生的原因。
《英语国家概况》的教学反思
龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1e11975628.html, 《英语国家概况》的教学反思 作者：童方吟 来源：《读与写·上旬刊》2017年第11期 摘要：《英语国家概况》是每所大学英语专业都会开设的课程，这一学科对于经济全球化的今天来说至关重要，因此，对于这门学科的教学，教师应该认真反思，如何高效的提高教学质量。 关键词：国概；教学方法；存在问题 中图分类号：G648 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1672-1578（2017）11-0001-01 英语教育专业的专业课程大致包括三种类型：英语语言课程、英语文学课程、英汉与汉英翻译课程。英语国家概况则属于英语语言课程中的一门专业必修课，其总体目标是：比较系统的介绍英、美、加、澳、新等主要英语国家在历史、地理、社会、政治、经济、教育等方面的情况以及其文化传统，让学生了解这些主要英语国家的背景知识，以扩大学生知识面，增强学生对英语国家文化的识别力、理解力，培养和提高学生观察、分析和解决问题的能力，使学生的在了解英语国家文化的过程中理解和运用英语进行有效的交际和成功的沟通。 进入新世纪以来，《基础教育课程改革纲要》的颁布，标志着我国的英语教育进入了一个崭新的大好时机。作为英语专业知识类课程，英语国家概况具有自身显著的特点，如果不改进与完善该课程的教学理论和方法，该课程就很难适应新的教学要求。 1.课程教学现状以及问题 1.1 教材及教学资料。《概况》课程的一大缺陷就是教材及教学资料很不完整，给老师的备课无形中增加了难度。目前市场上使用较普遍的是周叔麟主编的新版《英美概况教程》、王恩铭主编的《英语国家概况》、来安方编著的《英美概况》等，虽然看起来版本很多，但是每个版本都有自己的缺陷所在，体系并不很完整合理，并且，配套教学资料相当匮乏，这也严重的影响了学生学习的自主性。 1.2 课时安排。现今很多大学都在大二开设《概况》课程，通常为36个学时，并且是作为考查课程。要想学生在短短的36个课时里面掌握五个国家的历史、文化、政治、社会、经济等各方面内容，这对于教师的教学和学生的学习来说都比较困难，很容易造成学习上囫囵吞枣的现象。 1.3 学生的主观能动性。《国概》课程由于知识面广，生词量大，阅读量也大，这就导致学生在接触这本教材的时候就会产生畏惧心理，不知如何开始。将国概课程试卷与英语专业其
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1. The civil rights movement It is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in America. Rosa Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the people. In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self-image of the blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King. Jr, and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th US. 2.A federal system【联邦制】 It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to each. 3.King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword,Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance[大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[错综复杂的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action
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Chapter 1 A General Introduction to Chinese Culture Words and Expressions: the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙 porcelain 瓷器 The appellation of China Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”. People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name. China is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities. In Europe, people regarded Changnan porcelain as something precious and delicate and would take pride in possessing one. As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin. Chapter 2 Chinese Philosophy and Religion Part 1 Chinese Thoughts and Philosophy Words and Expressions: Confucianism 儒家 Taoism 道家 The Analects 《论语》 benevolence 仁慈，善行 ritual礼制，仪式，惯例 filial piety 孝，孝心 The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
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