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人教高三英语一轮复习课件高考语法通关(12)特殊句式(省略,倒装,强调)

人教高三英语一轮复习课件高考语法通关(12)特殊句式(省略,倒装,强调)
人教高三英语一轮复习课件高考语法通关(12)特殊句式(省略,倒装,强调)

■十二、特殊句式(省略,倒装,强调)

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?近几年高考对有关特殊句式的考查内容知识性增强,除原先的考查热点一倒装和强调句外,

省略一些新的考点出现。我们应该加强特殊句式,特别是倒装句和强调句的练习。注意理解、研究试题,在实践中体验。

■(―)倒装

//〃〃希点扫遇〃〃“

?考点一完全倒装

■谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种:

■ 1.表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如

:here, there, now, then, up, down, in ,away, off, out, in the room, on the wall 等,置于句首。如:■In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.

■在伦敦一所大学的演讲大厅里坐着一位教

!授。,;: ;: ■In this chapter will be found the answers to the questions.

■在这一章节里将会发现这些问题的答案。;

■South of the river lies a small factory.

■2. such置于句首时,如:

■Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the

20th century1 s greatest scientist.

■这就是爱因斯坦,一个朴素的人,二十世纪最伟大的科学家。

■此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以,such 后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语” 保持一致。如I:

■Such are the facts, no one can deny them.

■这就是事实,没有人能够否认他们。

■考点二部分倒装

■只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,叫部分倒装句。这类句

型主要也有三种:

? 1. only修饰副词介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。女口:

■Only in this way can we learn English well.

■只有用这种方法我们才能够学习英语。;

■Only when he returned did we find out the truth. ■他回来,我们才发现了真相。

■使用特点:

■①在部分倒装句中,如果谓语部分无助动词,则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如:

■Only after the war learned he the sad news.(错);

■Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(对);;;

蠡仅仅在战争之后他才知道这个悲伤的消息O

■②only修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装。如■只有当他回来后,我才知道真相。

■③only修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。如:

■Only can he answer the question.(错)

■Only he can answer the question.(对)

■只有他才能回答这个问题。

■2.否定畐0it]never, nor, not, hardly, little ,seldom 等置于句首时。女口:

■Never before have I seen such a moving film.

■= I have never seen such a moving film before.

|我以前从未看过这么感人的影片。

■Not a single mistake did he make.

■=He didn't make a single mistake.

■他绝没有犯过一个错误。

■3.六个重要的固定句型:

■①…;so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语“……也是如此”。

■使用特点:;;;;

■a.此句型也可写成? ..and so+bc/have/助动词/情态动词+主语,或? ..,so + be/have/ 助动词+主语。

■b.如果句意不是“……不是如此”,而仅是对前内容的肯定或符合(此时的so = indeed),那么,句子则不可使用倒装句式。试比较:

■A: I was afraid.(句中的I指的是说话者A)

■B: So was I.

■(I指的是B,此句意为I was afraid, too.)

■A: I was afraid.(I指的是A)

■B: So you were.

■(you指的也是A;此句意为Indeed you were afraid.)

■再比较几个句子:

■He came last night, and so did I.

■他昨晚来了,我也来了。

■A: It is hot.天真热。

■B: So it is.的确如此。

■A: He is lazy.他真懒。

■B: So is she.她也一样。

■②…;neither(或nor) + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语“……也不一样”。

■Lily can't ride; neither (^cnor) can Lucy.

■莉莉不会骑车,露西也不会。

■使用特点:

■a?此句型也可写成?..;and neither(或nor)+ be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语,

或. ..neither(或n or)+be/have/ 助动词 + 主语。

■b .此句型中的and neither(或not)不可用so...not替代,但可用not...either改写。如:

■I have never been abroad. So hasn't he.(错)

■I have never been abroad. Neither/nor has he.(翁对)策I i ;i

■我从未去过国外,他也是。

■ I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either.(M)

■③ So + adj./adv...that..."如此........ 以至于

■ So early does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

帑使用特点:! ■在这个句型中,so引导的句子倒装,而that 引导的句子不倒装。

■④neither..., nor?…“ ............ 不,也不.... ”。?由于neither和nor都是否定词,所以其前后 |句

均需倒装。I

■⑤not only..., but also... “不仅 ......... 而且?????? ”

O

■ Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

?使用特点:;;;;: ■此句型也可写成not only...but...,或not only...but...as well的形式,但but(also)引导的■⑥not until... “ 直到... 才.... ”

■Not until he returned did we have supper.

■直到他回来,我们才吃晚饭。

■使用特点:;

■a.这句话可以改写成We didn't have supper until he returned.

■b.如果not until引导的是句子,until从句的主谓不可倒装而是主句需要倒装。

■考点三形式倒装

?形式上的倒装,语法上称为前置。它的特点是:只要把强调的内容提至句首,主谓不倒装。这样的结构非常多,但有三个重要的句型需要特点注意:

■1.感叹句

■What an interesting talk they have!

■他们进行了一个有趣的交谈。;[ ■How interesting their talk was!

■他们的谈话多么有趣啊!

■使用特点:

■对名词(或中心词是名词)感叹时,用what引导;对形容词或副词感叹时,用how引导。

■2. the more...the more…句型

■The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.

■英语听得越多,它就变得越容易。;■使用特点:

■①此句型中的more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级,要灵活使用。女口:

■ The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

■你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。

■②此句型中的第一个the more引导的相当于一个条件状语从句,第二个the mow引导的相当于T个主句。所以,上面例句的意思实质上就是If you work harder, you will make greater progress o

-3.引导让步状语从句的句型

■ However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.

?无论问题有多困难,我们今晚也必须把它解决。

■使用特点:;■①whatever的后面也可以接名词,受many或much的修饰,则必须把whatever换成howevero试比较:

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Here comesthe bus. 公共汽车来了 Awaywent the boy。那个男孩走开了。 Out rushed the children. 小孩子冲了出来。 1.以here, there, now, then等副词或out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向得副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调,句子要全部倒装,谓语动词常用e,go, be, lie,run,rush等。2。表示地点得介词短语位于句首时 A beautiful lake lies at thefootof the hill At the foot of the hilllies a beautiful lake. 注意:在上述句子中,如果主语为人称代词,则主、谓不需要倒装。 Inhecame andback he went again。 Awayhe went 。 二.部分倒装 把be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语得前面 Is am are was were(be动词)do does did(助动词) can could would may will might(情态动词) 等 1。only所修饰得副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装。 Only then did I realize the importance of learning English。 Only after hecame back wasI able tosee him。

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