英语语法练习题(答案详细讲解)

英语语法练习题(答案详解)

1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony.

A. being not invited

B. not being invited

C. not inviting

D. not to be invited

B

2."_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations.

A. How a great success

B. What a great success

C. How great success

D. What great success

B success 名词，保留远动词含义"成功"是不可数名词；如用来代替具体的人（成功者）或具体的事（成功的事情（东西））是可数名词。故排除C,D；A中how是副词，如改成how great a success就是正确的。

3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life.

A. /; the

B. /; /

C. the; /

D. the; the

B 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。

4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free.

A. was; since

B. is; that

C. will be; when

D. was; before

D 如将A项中was, since改成is, since是正确的；即从句中谓语先发生。如用B项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致（a）；被强调部分能还回原句中（b），即因为句中was declared是过去时, B项中is改成was；因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将"一段" 时间变成"一点"就是正确的。C 项前后时间不一致。

5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience.

A. any topic

B. which topic

C. whichever topic

D. the topic he thought it

C whichever已失去疑问含义，等于anything that，表示强调；而which topic中which 保留疑问含义，译成"哪一个题目"，不符合句义。而A和D中缺少连词。

6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents.

A. children are allowed

B. are children allowed

C. children will allow

D. will children allow

B.含有否定意义的副词及介词短语放在句首时，句子中主语和谓语用部分倒装。

7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart.

A. made convenient

B. made it convenient

C. made it convenient for

D. made it convenient to

A 题目中has made是谓语，communication between people far apart短语是宾语，convenient是宾语的补语，被前置。如用B项,it是形式宾语代替不定式或从句。

8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____?

A. didn't I

B. didn't you

C. hadn't you

D. will you

B含宾语从句和定语从句的主从复合句，反意疑问句随主句变；但是在含有宾语从句的住句中主语是第一人称时反意疑问句随从句一致。

9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.

A. as

B. that

C. than

D. but

A

10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.

A. performing

B. performed

C. to be performed

D. being performed

B 在让步，时间等状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be 省略，即在how 后加they(the works) are，再分别与选择项搭配后，就会发现正确答案是B。

11._____ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.

A. Considering

B. Considered

C. Having been considered

D. Being considered A considering "考虑到"，而considered "被认为"，根据全句含义，句中主语they和considering是主动关系，因此选择项。

12.Tina _____ have known the truth, or she would have told us.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. can't

D. needn't

C

13.There are some police cars in front. What do you suppose _____?

A. is the matter

B. is happened

C. is the wrong

D. the trouble is

A

14._____ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.

A. Lacking

B. Being lack

C. Because of lack

D. Lack

D lack 作名词，后加of短语。如用A项,lacking是及物动词的动名词，后面不用介词of 或作不及物动词,后面加介词in…。

15. In recent years much more emphasis has been put______ developing the students productive skills.

A. onto

B. in

C. over

D. on

D put/ place/ lay emphasis on 是固定搭配，表示"强调，注重。"

16. A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS, ________were surprising.

A. as results

B. which results

C. the results of it

D. the results of which

D the results of which 等于whose results，是非限制性定语从句。

17. The organization broke no rules, but ______had it acted responsibly.

A. neither

B. so

C. either

D. both

A

18. Many workers were organized to clear away ______remained of the World Trade Center.

A. those

B. that

C. what

D. where

C 该题空格处缺少的是连词，且在从句中作主语，所以排除A,D; that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。

19. My train arrive in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there ______by then.

A. would leave

B. will have left

C. has left

D. had left

B

20. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in favor of the new theory.

A. to be based on

B. to base on

C. which to base on

D. on which to base D on which to base his arguments in favor of the new theory = The professor will base his arguments in favor of the new theory on sufficient grounds.

21 . ________evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated.

A. If being

B. It is

C. There is

D. There being

C 句中有连词that和谓语must be stimulated，缺少一个谓语动词，排除A,D，该句译成汉语是"有。。。的证据",而不是"它是。。。的证据"所以排除B

22. Professor Wang , _______ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.

A. knowing

B. known

C. to be known

D. having known

B

23.In fact Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than ____ in New York.

A. to stay

B. stayed

C. stay

D. having stayed

C

24.You ____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

A. shouldn't follow

B. mustn't follow

C. couldn't have been following

D. shouldn't have been following

D

25.There has been a great increase in retail sales , ____﹖

A. does there

B. isn't there

C. hasn't there

D. isn't it

C

26. It is the news ____ most parents of the hope that there is a safe and socially approved

road to a kind of life they themselves have not had, but their children can.

A. that deprive

B. that it deprives

C. that deprives

D. when it deprives

C

27. We hadn't met for 20 years, but I recognized her_____ I saw her.

A. the moment

B. for the moment

C. the moment when

D. at the moment when

A 定冠词the加上表示时间的名词起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。如the night/ the minute/ the spring/ the year等。

28. On hearing a great noise, Mike looked forward through the window _____ what happened outside the room.

A. to seeing

B. to see

C. seeing

D. to have seen

B look forward to doing sth. / sth. 表示"盼望做某事"，而look forward to do sth.表示向前看目的（要做。。。）

29. You ______ be driven out of the school if you dare to cheat in the exam. A. should B. would C. will D. shall

D shall用于第二，三人称表示说话人的心愿；will表示主语的心愿。

30. Everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we can't help ______ under the stress.

A. but working

B. but to work

C. work

D. but work

D can't help but do…相当于have to do….。

31. We all think that _____ no need to make laws to prevent the young from getting married during their college life.

A. it is

B. there has

C. it has

D. there is

D There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.是一个固定句型，相当于It is unnecessary ( for sb.) to do …;或sb. have no need to do sth..

32. Postage ___ the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.

A. including

B. included

C. include

D. to be included

B postage included 等于including postage。

33. With his eyes ______ on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents.

A. fixing

B. fixed

C. to be fixed

D. being fixed

B fix one's eyes on / upon 是固定短语，表示"注视"

34. George applied for the position three times ______ he finally got it.

A. before

B. until

C. when

D. after

A 强调从句中谓语动词的动作发生的晚，表示"。。。。。。才。。。。。。"。

35. This robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains a problem if it ______

A. is

B. saves

C. does

D. has

C do(es) 是代动词，用来代替上文save a lot of labor。

36. There were many more people who got injured in the big fire than _______.

A. was reported

B. it was reported

C. were reported

D. they were reported

A 比较状语从句中省略与主句相同的成分，只保留比较对象。

37. He doesn't know what to say, for it is the first time that he ______ with a girl.

A. went out

B. goes out

C. has gone out

D. had gone out

C

38. ___which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.

A. Leaving to wonder

B. Having left to wonder

C. Left wondering

D. Left to wonder

C left wondering 中left的逻辑主语是the little boy，所以可转换成The little boy was left wondering…。

39. During the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this city to see the old castles _____ in the sixteenth century.

A. to be built

B. being built

C. having been built

D. built

D 非谓语动词的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作时，用过去分词。

40. When do you think ______ start the new attack? A. they will B. will they C. they can

D. can they

A

41. Some 25,000 people were reported ______ in the ever recorded worst earthquake in Iran, which occurred late this month.

A. were killed

B. to be killed

C. killing

D. to have been killed

42._____ the teacher's suggestion, T om finally found a way to settle the problem.

A. Following

B. To follow

C. Follow

D. He followed

43.______ that no one was ever prepared for it.

A. So suddenly did the bad news come

B. So suddenly the bad news came

C. So did the bad news come suddenly

D. Did the bad news come so suddenly

44."______ the friendship between our two people last forever!", and with this sincere

hope, the president concluded his speech. A. Could B. May C. Would D. Must

45.We need a more capable leader, ______ with strong will and as well as good humour.

A. who

B. that

C. one

D. which

46. Many people attend various public lectures, chiefly ______ themselves familiar with the latest development of different fields. A. getting B. to get C. to have got D. got

47.It is no longer a problem _______ the poor children in this district can go to school.

A. that

B. whether

C. so

D. because

48. Of all the applicants, ______ do you think is fit for the position?

A. who

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. whichever

49.Part of the work is to be finished today and ______ by this weekend.

A. another

B. the others

C. the rest

D. the other

50.Generally speaking, the hard one works, _______.

A. the better he gets result

B. the better result he gets

C. he gets better result

D. does he get better result

51.With the worldwide oil crisis, the price of oil has been raised ______ 15%. A. about B. with C. of D. by

52. The lectures, ______ the current international issues, are well received.

A. are covered

B. covered

C. covering

D. to cover

53. Peter is very angry about ______ of the changed timetable.

A. not informing

B. not being informed

C. being not informed

D. not to be informed

54.It is ______ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace.

A. widely accepted

B. widely accepting

C. wide accepted

D. wide accepting

55.The house built of stone lasts longer than ____ built of wood. A. the one B. one C. that D. its

56.E-mail as well as telephones ____ more and more popular in daily communication.

A. have become

B. become

C. are becoming

D. is becoming

57.This kind of cloth ____ well. A. washes B. wash C. is washed D. is washing

58.What do you mean ____ saying that you've never heard of it before?

A. in

B. by

C. as

D. with

59. He's an intelligent boy. He ____ made such a foolish mistake.

A. can't have

B. may not have

C. might not have

D. mustn't have

60. Each of the engineers and professors is working hard at their posts, ____ to accomplish the goal as soon as possible. A. wish B. for wishing C. wishing

D. to wish

61. It is just as hard to persuade my wife not to dance ____ to keep me from the football field.

A. so it is

B. as it is

C. so is it

D. as is it

62.It was dark and cold. They had to find a house ____ and some wood ____.

A. to stay in…to make a fire with

B. to stay…to make a fire with

C. to stay in…to make a fire

D. to stay…to make a fire

63 Some of the middle-aged people ____ to the meeting were famous professors.

A. were invited

B. who invited

C. inviting

D. invited

64 Most green vegetables, ____ for too long, will lose nutrition.

A. if to be cooked

B. if cooked

C. if cooking

D. if being cooked

65.____ you dislike ancient buildings, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.

A. As

B. If

C. Even if

D. Now that

66.____ the expense, I ____ a round-the-world tour.

A. Were it not … would take

B. If it were not… take

C. Were n't it for… will take

D. If it hadn't been for… would have taken

67. ____ from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks beautiful.

A. Seen

B. Seeing

C. See

D. Looked

68. ____ the essay a second time, the hidden meaning will become clearer to you.

A. While reading

B. After reading

C. Your having read

D. When you read

69.____ impressed the visitors deeply was ____ the workers made with their hands.

A. What…that

B. That…that

C. What…what

D. That…what

70. The newspaper's owner and editor ___ away on holiday.

A. is

B. are

C. be

D. have been

71.Recent estimates show that ___ more than two million bird-watchers in the United States.

A. there are among

B. are there the

C. there are

D. among the

72.Ellis Haizlip began his stage career in Washington, D.C., ___ supervised the Howard University Players during their summer season.

A. he was

B. where he was C .which he D. where he

73.Some people hold that the more conservative the world becomes, have old furniture,

old houses and old paintings.A. the smarter is to B. the smarter it is to C. is it the smarter so D. is one to the smarter

74. She was just about to explain ___ she hadn't passed her maths test chiefly out of carelessness ___ her uncle c ame.A. her mother … when B. to her mother why that

C. her mother that … when

D. to her mother that … when

75.With the shining water before you and the wind ___ , trees behind you, you can not help ___.

A. blown … but feel relaxed

B. blowing … feeli ng relaxed

C. blown … but feel relaxing

D. blowing … but feel relaxing

76. "Will you be able to finish the job this week?" " ___ ."

A. I can't say it

B. I don't know that

C. I'm not sure this

D. I don't expect so

77.It's impossible for a child to do so much work within a short period of time, ________ ?

A. isn't it

B. is it

C. has it

D. hasn't it

78. _______ that Mr Thomson got such rare fishes ?A. When and where was it B. When and where it was C. Was it when and where D. When and where were it

79. Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by its mother ___ to swim.

A. how will it learn

B. it will learn how

C. will it learn how

D. and it will learn how

80. Peter and Bob both did well, but Peter is ___ of the two.

A. more talented

B. the most talented

C. most talented

D. the more talented

答案：

41. D 当不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作时，不定式用完成时，且kill与逻辑主语people之间是被动关系，故选D

42. A Following做伴随状语，修饰found。伴随状语只有两种形式，主动用following 形式；被动用followed形式

43. A 本句测试的是so---ad.---that…结果状语从句的倒装结构，即so –ad.提到主语之前，主句用部分倒状。44. B May用在第二，三人称的疑问式结构中表示"祝愿"。

45. C one做leader的同位语46. B47. A 句中it是形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。

48. A 49. C 在四个选项中只有the rest可以代替可数名词或不可数名词，其它三个只代替可数名词。上句work是不可数名词，所以答案是C.50. B 51. D by加百分数或表示数量的名词，表示"相差的程度"。

52. C 53. B54. A 副词widely表示比喻含义"广泛地"；而副词wide表示具体含义"宽地，完全地"

55. C不定冠词a 限定名词时，下文one用来代替；而定冠词the限定名词时，下文that 用来代替

56. D57. A read, start, write等不及物动词加上方式状语或半系动词feel, taste, look等加表语形容词，在英语中是主动形式，而表示汉语中被动意义。58. B 59. A60. C61. B 同36题62. A 动词不定式to live in和to make a fire with分别作定语修饰a house和some wood,与被修饰的名词构成了动宾关系，所以动词不定式用及物动词或不及物动词加介词构成的相当于及物动词的短语动词。63. D 64. B

65. C 主句与从句之间是让步关系，所以用even if.66. D 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

67. A

68. D 非谓语动词做状语，其逻辑主语是句中主语。The hidden meaning不能执行read 的动作，所以排除AB，C项属于动名词独立主格结构，在句中做主语。69. C

70. A and连接两个名词表示"一副，一双，一套等或一个人兼两个职务，即用一个冠词或物主代词限定两个名词做主语，谓语用单数形式。71. C72. D73. B74. D explain/ announce等后面的结构是～sth. to sb.或～to sb. sth.，to 不可省略。75. B

76. D I don't expect so.= I expect not. 能这样使用的动词还有Believe, think和suppose;而在hope等动词后，否定形式只有I hope not.不能说I don't hope so.77. A78. A 强调句79. C only加状语提到主句前面时，主句中主语和谓语用部分倒装。80. D

81. When the farmer came back from work, his pet dog jumped out _____. the door to welcome him.

A. from

B. from behind

C. of

D. of behind

82.___ he was ill, I was expected to take his place greatly surprised me for I didn't have much working experience. A. If B. That if C. That D. If that

83. _____ scenery in national parks is usually attractive.

A. A

B. An

C. The

D. One

84.If you have a cold, stay at home so that you won't spread it to _____.

A. another

B. the other

C. others

D. the others

85.Those _____ to go to the exhibition should inform the office.

A. not wanting

B. who not want

C. not wanted

D. are not want

86. The children _____ and we will never neglected them.

A. brought up well

B. was brought up well

C. had been well brought up

D. have been well brought up

87.The mountain village is my hometown.I spent _____ merry night there when I was young.

A. a great many

B. plenty of

C. many a

D. a great deal

88.In all English towns there is a speed limit of 30 miles an hour, _____?

A. is there

B. isn't there

C. is it

D. isn't it

89.Why are you always making the same mistake? Think of _____ I told you.

A. that

B. when

C. how

D. what

90.Nothing is _____ time; yet nothing is less valued.

A. more precious than

B. less precious than

C. most precious

D. as precious as

91.Could _____ have been _____ who helped Sunny get her work done?

A. they … it

B. they … them

C. it … them

D. it … they

92.I know a place _____ I can get a calculator on sale. I'll pick one up for you tomorrow.

A. where

B. wherever

C. how

D. which

93.How teachers perform in their classes _____ a strong influence on the growth of the pupils.

A. has

B. have

C. having

D. to have

94.I found the cat _____ under the bed, who had caught a mouse.

A. hiding

B. hidden

C. to hide

D. having hidden

95.---- How did he get back last night?

---- I think he _____ back on foot, as there were no buses or taxies then at all.

A. might have come

B. needn't have come

C. must have come

D. should have come

96.The doctor would allow him to go home _____ he remained in bed.

A. as though

B. for fear that

C. on condition that

D. as far as

97.One of the most important social problems of today is _____ jobs to the unemployed.

A. what to be given

B. having given

C. how to give

D. to have given

98. The doctor said I was over-weight. If only I _____ less!

A. ate

B. have been eating

C. have eaten

D. had eaten

99. It is said that he got laughed at for _____.

A. his dishonest

B. been dishonest

C. being dishonest

D. to be dishonest

100. A baby animal knows animals of _____ own kind when it sees them, when it smells them and it hears them.

A. her

B. one's

C. its

D. their

参考答案及解析：

81. B82. B That引导的是主语从句，而if 从句是that主语从句中的条件状语。

83. C84. C 85. A not wanting 等于who do not want.86. D87. C many a merry night=

a great many /plenty of merry nights .88. B

89. D of后面是介词宾语从句，需要连词且在从句中做tell 的直接宾语；所以用what，that 在名词性从句中补充当成分，没有实在意义。而BC连接副词，在从句中只做状语。

90. A 否定意义的词语与比较级连用，表示最高级的含义。

91. D 强调句92. A 93. A 94. B95. C96. C on condition that= if

97. C 做表语的非谓语动词表示具体时间（将来）的行为，故用不定式一般时，排除BD，短语中不缺少成分，排除A

98. D if only后用虚拟语气。此句中表示与过去事实相反。

99. C for介词,后接名词或相当于名词的短语或从句。

100. C

101. After Christmas, _____ clothing on sale in that shop attracted quite a few housewives.

A.a variety of

B. a number of

C. the number of

D. the great deal of

102. The mayor promised the city government _____ the building of the new roads with thetaxes it collected.

A. shall finance

B. may support

C. can help

D. should provide

103. Whoever does wrong to his country or to the people deserves _____.

A. to punish

B. to be punished

C. to punishment

D. of being punished

104. Some children usually behave in their own way _____ they do not get along with theirclassmates and there are often disagreements between them.

A. even though

B. on condition that

C. so that

D. unless

105. Secondary and higher education _____ available to all high school graduates in thiscountry so far.

A. have made

B. were made themselves

C. have been made

D. were made it

106. The mother believes that John's stupid, but it's different _____ of Mary; she's just lazy.

A. in spite

B. in the case

C. in the course

D. in case

107. The image of a devoted and noble angel in white _____ heals the wounded and rescuesthe dying is making a comeback _____ the nation faces a crisis.

A. that…because

B. who…when

C. which…that

D. what…as

108. About how many elements _____ make up most of the substances we meet in everyday life

A. it is which

B. what it is

C. is it that

D. it is that

109. The government was believed to be considering _____ a law _____ it a crime to importany kind of weapon.

A. to pass …. to making

B. to be passing …. to make

C. passing … made

D. passing …. making.

110. Dewitt Wallance founded the Reader's Digest as a pocket-sized, non-fiction magazine_____ to inform and entertain.A. was intended B. intending C. to intend D. intended

111. _____ this instrument should have put its work permit number on the box.

A. Who checked

B. Whoever inspected

C. No matter who examined

D. Those who estimates

112. I am sure I can help you find ____ bed for your new house, but now I'm heading for____ bed and ____ good sleep.A. a , a , the B. a , / , a C. the , a , a D. a , the , a 113. Two of the notebooks ____ Tom had lost on the bus were returned to the main desk at his dormitory.

A. what

B. which

C. who

D. whose

114. The drink taste a little ____ to me.

A. strong

B. strongly

C. so strong

D. too much strong

115. My roommate lost a lot of weight ____ every day.

A. to exercise

B. with exercise

C. for exercise

D. by exercising

116. I went to ____ to buy a ruler and a rubber.A. a stationer B. a stationer's C. the stationer D. stationer's

117. They arrived there at last, ____.

A. was tired and hungry C. being tired and hungryC. tired and hungry D. tiredly and hungrily

118. - What was the party like

-Wonderful . It's years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. A. before B. after C. when D. since 119. Time should be made a good use ____ our lessons well.

A. of to learn

B. of learning

C. to learn

D. to learning

120. You cannot be ____ careful when you drive a car.A. very B. so C. too D. enough

答案：

101.A

102.A 同29题

103.B deserve praising(= to be praised; =praise) 值得赞扬

104.C

105.C将被动语态还原成主动语态就不难看出此题测试的是make sth. adj.结构，表示"使成为……"。

106.B in the case of 意为：就……来说，至于；in case of 意为：以防万一

107.B who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词angel in white"白衣天使"；而when引导的是

时间状语从句，表示"当国家（民族）面临危机时。"

108.C 强调句，被强调部分是" how many elements"。

109.D consider后只能用动名词做直接宾语，排除AB；而后一空格用making构成现在分词短语作定语。

110.D

111.B whoever引导主语从句，失去疑问含义，表示强调"无论谁；谁……谁就……"等于anyone who；而who引导名词性从句时，who保留疑问含义"谁"。

112.B bed作为和（睡眠，病床）有关连的意义使用时通常不加冠词，但看作一件（家具）时就要加冠词。第一个bed指家具，前面要用冠词；而head for bed相当于go to bed，前面不用冠词。

113.B

114.A 在57题中讲过。

115.D

116.B

117.C 形容词作结果状语，等于They arrived there at last so that they were tired and hungry.

118.D

119.A 将句子还原成主动语态We should make use of time to learn our lessons well. 后，就不难看出" T o learn……" 作目的状语。

120.C can't too 加形容词表示"越……越好；……都不为过"。

121. When he arrived, he found ____ the aged and the sick at home.

A. nothing but

B. none but

C. none other than

D. no other than

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

大学英语语法直播课第二讲

简单句 谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化 名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语

小学英语语法基础知识大全蓝本

小学英语语法汇总（蓝本） 可数名词与不可数名词“分家” 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 可数名词是可以按个数来计算的普通名词，分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。不可数名词是不能按个数来计算的普通名词，分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 强调：不可数名词默认为单数，用is或者was；不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断。 二、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book → books house → houses day → days 读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 2. 以s,ss,ch,sh, x 结尾的在词尾加-es 。如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxe s 读音：[iz] 3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的，将y改为i再加-es。如city → cities factory → factories 读音：[z] 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的，将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives thief-thieves 读音：[z] 5. 特例（常考） ①child →children mouse→mice ②man →men woman→women policeman →policemen (规律：man →men) ③tomato →tomatoes potato → potatoes [注：黑人英雄土豆西红柿加es其余加-s,,如：photo → photos ] h ero →h eroes negro→negroes 读音：[z] ④foot → feet tooth → teeth [ oo变ee] ⑤sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish单、复数同形 ⑥people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。 三、不可数名词的家务事 1. 不可数名词没有复数，作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh. 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但意义发生变化。如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表种类时就可数，意义不发生变化。如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 4. 计算不可数名词的数量，要在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如：a glass of water a piece of paper a bottle of juice 5.判断步骤： ↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es

英语语法基本基础知识——时态

英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。

The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.

英语语法基础知识大全

第一部分语法框架 词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、冠词、数词、介词、代词、连词 语句子成分：主、谓、宾，定、状、补，同位、表 法主语+谓语 句简主语+谓语+宾语 法单主语+谓语+宾语(间宾)+宾语(直宾) 按句主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 结主语+系动词+表语 构并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句 分定语从句 复合句：主句+从句状语从句 句名主语从句 子词宾语从句 结性 构从同位语从句 句表语从句 陈述句：肯定句/否定句 按疑一般疑问句：将be/情态动词/助动词do/does/did/have/has/had移到主语前构成 语问特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/which/how…)+一般疑问句 气句选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句(通常省去与前句相同的内容) 分反义疑问句：前肯后否;前否后肯 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，以动词原形开头 What +名词+主语+谓语! 感 What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! 叹 How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! 句 How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How +主语+谓语! 第二部分词类 名词 Noun (n.) 专有名词 首字母大写的人名、地名、组织名、机构名等，如：Qi Baishi, New York, the USA 普通名词 可数名词 (单/复数) 个体名词：能分成单个独立个体的名词，如：pen, apple, student, tree 集体名词：由几个个体组成的小集体的名词，如：group, class, family

不可数名词 物质名词：不能分为个体的物质，通常为气体、液体，如：water, gas, air 抽象名词：不具体，看不见，莫不着的事物，如：advice, information 动词 Verb (v.) 实义动词/行为动词(具体动作的发出 ) 及物动词(vt.)：需要带宾语的动词，即：该类词后必须有名词、代词等可以作宾语的词，如：finish tasks, run(经营) a company, read a novel 不及物动词(vi.)：不需要带宾语的的动词，即：该类词后没有名词、代词等可以作宾语的词，如：He(主) runs(谓) quickly(状). 若要在不及物动词后接宾语，则需要加上相关介词，如：They arrived in London at 9 p.m. 情态动词 表示说话人语气和态度的词：can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, ought to, dare。其后的动词用原形，“情动+动原”一起构成句子的谓语。 助动词 帮助构成时态、语态或改变句子结构的动词，如：be(am, is, are, was, were), have(has, had), do, does, did等。 第二部分 1.as...as...引导的比较级： (1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句： He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。 (2)在否定句或疑问句中可用 not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。 2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语 (或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。 例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。 注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句： Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。 3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为： ⑴表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were. I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。) ⑵表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

语法大纲

《英语语法》教学大纲 一、课程性质、地位与任务： 语法是语言的组织规则和结构形式，是结合语音文字系统和语义系统的枢纽。它是社会实际语言现象的科学概括。本专业的语法课程要帮助学生系统了解实用英语的语法规则和结构形式，以便能准确掌握英语语言，并用以指导英语语言实践，提高对语言的分析理解能力，有效提高英语实际应用能力。 二、课程的基本要求： 语法课程要传授知识,同时也要服务于培养语言素质和应用能力这个总目标。学习研究语法要着眼语言的社会实践运用，理论联系实际；了解当前语法也要适当了解语言的发展变化；精讲配合多练，从而让学生打好语言基础，提高语言素质。 三、本课程与其他课程的联系： 它是基础阅读课（精读、泛读）的基础，使学生通过大量的联系掌握语法基础，为听说读写提供基本的保障。该课程可使学生更加轻松的学习英语专业的学生在一、二年级精读、泛读课中所学过的语言材料。提升学生的学习兴趣。打下牢固的语言基础。 四、教学内容、基本要求及学时安排： 教学内容：本课程计划学时数为32学时，以赵萍主编的《新编高职高专英语语法教程》为教材。在语法内容结构上，循序渐进，从词素到单词，从单词到句子，从句子到语篇再到语段，环环相扣，从而使学生能够一面把握细节，一面掌握整个的英语语法体系。 课程内容和学时安排 授课次序授课内容学时数1导论、各个词类（名词、冠词、代词、数词、 8 动词、助动词、动名词、形容词、副词、连词 及其介词） 2 动词时态 2 3 被动语态 2

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初中英语语法知识—形容词的基础测试题及答案解析

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人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解

人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】

英语语法知识详解

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名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：

三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：

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英语语法基础知识大全.doc

v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词

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英语语法知识难点解读 词性 一、实词 1.名词(nouns）n.： 名词是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。 2.代词（pronoun）pron.： 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 3.数词（numeral）Num.： 表示“多少”和“第几”的词，叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。 4.形容词(adjective）adj.或a.； 很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。 5.副词（adverb)adv.： 是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。 6.动词（Verb）v.： 动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。 二、虚词 7.冠词（article) art.： 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。表示的主语数量或者特征。 8.介词（preposition）prep.： 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词，或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。 9.连词（conjunction）conj： 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为4类：并列连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词。 10.助词： 助词是附着在词，短语，句子的前面或后面，表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词。助词有结构助词，时态助词，语气助词三种。 11.叹词：（interjection）interj.： 叹词是语法学术语。表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词。

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