学位英语复习资料

一、学位英语词汇部分答题技巧

词汇试题的正确选择在很大程度上取决于考生词汇量的大小，以及运用词汇能力的强弱。但是了解一些解题技巧也会对考试有一定的帮助。下面简单介绍几种词汇测试题中常见的应试技巧。

一、词组与习惯用法辨析题

1)动词短语搭配

英语动词短语是英语的难点之一，它是由动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词几种方式构成的惯用组合，具有自己独特的意义。其意义、语法、用法等常使考生感到困难。首先，动词短语的词义不是动词和副词、介词等小品词的简单组合，往往难以从字面上理解。其次，动词短语的使用场合及范围不易弄清楚。第三，同义、近义和反义的动词短语容易混淆。要学好英语，必须学会使用动词短语。测试动词短语的题目在词汇题中占有很大的比例，其目的是测试考生辨别和运用动词短语，尤其是同一动词所构成的不同动词短语的能力。

eg. The car won't start because the battery was _______ .

A. run up

B. run down

C. run off

D. run over

答案B。

这是一个因果关系的句子。“汽车为什么发动不起来?”原因是“电池电力不足或没有了”。另外，我们注意到有系动词的搭配，表明四个词组要取及物动词的意义，这样才能构成被动语态。四个选项中，只有run down有“使电用完”之意，其它三个选择项与本句意思不合。run up表示“增长、积欠”，run off做及物动词时表示“快速打印出或写出”；run over“碾过、轧过”。如果考生掌握了这四个动词短语的含义，就会作出正确的选择了。

2)习惯用语题

英语习语(English idiom)具有特有的、约定俗成的结构形式，如“步行”，可说on foot,不说by foot，而“乘车”要说by bus,不说on bus。再如anything but 与nothing but两个词组意义完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英语中的习语令人眼花缭乱，其构成形式有的甚至无规律可循。它们通常由两个或两个以上的词组成，不能任意拆开。其意义常常不是单词意义的简单结合，而是另外具有新的意义。因此，应把词组作为一个整体来记。测试的目的是检验考生对常用词组的理解和运用能力。

eg. Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ .

A .in a way B. by the way C. in no way D. in the way 答案D。不要站在厨房门口，你挡路了。

这四个选择项都是固定词组，都有自己的含义。in a way表示“在某种程度上或某点上”；by the way“顺便说一下”；in no way“决不”；in the way表示“挡路，妨碍”；“阻止”。根据题意答案应为D。

学生面对这些貌似杂乱无章，没有规律可循的习惯表达法，一方面要广读多看，博词强记；另一方面还要会寻找规律，学会归纳，避免机械记忆而事倍功半。总而言之，解答词汇题的先决条件是对词汇的理解和辨析。因此考生平时要注意弄清楚词的内涵和外部关系，尤其是要注意了解名词、动词、形容词等实词彼此之间以及它们与介词或副词之间的搭配关系。与此同时，还要留心词的惯用法，把习语作为一个整体储存在脑海里。

再比如：

You should have been more patient _____ that customer.

A. of

B. with

C. for

D. at

be patient with sb. 是一个固定搭配，意为“对某人有耐心”，因此该题的答案是B.

二、通过区别同义或近义词选择答案

词汇区别是词汇测试的一个重要方面，它主要是对同义词或近义词在含义与用法上进行区别。这类试题的选项是四个词性相同、词义相同或相近的词。测试的目的在于检测考生辨别词义和运用词汇的能力。词汇区别一直是学生在学习英语过程中遇到的一大难题。这主要是由于他们没有掌握汉英两种语言在词汇方面的差异，往往只注意英语的汉语释义，而忽略了其本身的内在涵义和用法。如：

In the theatre the actors are very ______ to the reaction of the audience.

A. sensible

B. sensitive

C. emotional

D. positive

答案是 B. 本题的句意是：“在剧院里，演员对观众的反应很——”。四个选

项意义分别为A. sensible 可以察觉的；B. sensitive 敏感的；C. emotional 容易动感情的；D. positive 积极的。根据题意判断只有选项B放在原句中符合逻辑。

三、根据上下文的逻辑含义以及主从句之间的关系选择答案

有些逻辑关系比较明显的句子，选择答案时，可以根据所给部分之间的提示，选出合乎逻辑的答案。

1．利用表示增加与递进关系的词

这样的词包括：and, again, also，too, besides, moreover, furthermore, but, in addition to等。

例：The house is very _____, and furthermore, it’s too far from the town.

A. neat

B. spacious

C. expensive

D. fashionable

分析四个选项，我们可以看到选项中的所有单词都可以用来修饰句子的主语——房子。句子中间表示递进关系的furthermore在帮助我们判断时非常关键。它后面所跟的是描述房子离城太远，这是房子的缺点。根据逻辑推理，它前面的分句说明的也一定是缺点。因此选项中的A、B、D都不对，因为它们都是在说明房子的优点，故而答案只能是C，若题句中的and furthermore改成but ，那么选项就要改变了。

2．利用表示比较与对比关系的词

这样的词包括:but, however, although, in contrast, instead of 等。

例：A lamp is concrete and you can touch it, but its brightness is _____.

A. academic

B. abstract

C. absurd

D. absolute

句子中表示对比关系的连接词是but，从这一信号词中我们可以推断句子前后两部分所阐述的内容正好是相对的，与concrete相对的是abstract，因此B是本题答案。

3．利用表示因果关系的词

这样的词包括：because ,so, as a result, thus, consequently, therefore等。

例：He is a very _____ person because he has done a lot of good things for the local people.

A. respectable

B. respectful

C. respective

D. respecting

本句后半部分是由because引导的原因状语从句，意思是“他为当地人做了许多好事”，从这一原因中，我们自然能推断出他应该受到别人对他的尊敬。表示“被人尊敬的，值得尊敬的”应当是A。

4. 利用表示让步关系的词

这类词包括：if, although, in spite of, while, whereas等。

例：Although Asian countries are generally more _____ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.

A. consistent

B. comprehensive

C. confidential

D. conservative

本句although引导的是让步状语从句，因此可以推断主句中的事实与前面所出现的有关亚洲国家的特点正相反。与后半句中所阐述的“中国和印度

都有一些著名的妇女领袖”这一事实相反的亚洲国家的特点应当是“在社会习俗方面比西方国家要保守”。因此选项中的D是正确答案。

四、近形词汇题

英语词汇中，有一些拼写很相似，但它们的词义或词性却不同。考试中经常用形近词来干扰考生作出正确选择。其目的是要检测考生辨别词形和运用词汇的能力。如果考生平时不善于对形近词进行自觉的对比，对它们的差异不甚了解，那就会在答题时绯徊不定，难以作出正确的选择，甚至张冠李戴。

eg. Though the long term__________ cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee.

A. affect

B. effect

C. effort

D. afford

答案B。尽管工程的远期效果还无法预测，委员会还是批准了这项工程。这四个词拼写相似，但它们的词义或词性却不同。affect动词，意为“影响”；effect为名词，意为“效果”；effort名词，意为“努力”；afford动词，意为“负担得起；提供”。掌握了它们之间的这些差异，你会毫不犹豫地选择B。

五、根据常识判断选择

在词汇部分，偶尔有常识题出现，考生可根据自己对常识的掌握来选择答案。还有些词汇测试题，从词的意义去考虑，填入多个选择项都可以。在这种情况下，如果借助语法结构对题目进行分析，往往可以找到正确答案。

例：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy.

A. preserve

B. stay

C. maintain

D. reserve

从四个选项动词的词义来看，哪个都行。但动词后面直接跟形容词作表语的只有stay，其它三个动词都是及物动词，后面应当接宾语。因此答案是B。

六、排除法

在做词汇题时，常会遇到一时难以判断哪一个是正确答案的情况。这时不妨从不符合题义的选项着手，将非正确答案逐一排除，剩下的多半就是正确答案。此方法同样适用阅读理解，语法及完形填空部分的试题，在此不再一一举例。

下面的这些单词和词组是学位英语考试中经常考到的重点词汇，这些词汇的考察比较频繁，同时这些词汇有比较简单，但如果把它们放在短语中，很多人就不知道什么意思了。这就是我们所说的“熟词生意”，这在学位英语考试中是一个重点。

二、学位英语高频必备词汇、词组

case

意义

n.事例,实例,事实,情况;病例;案件;箱,盒,套;手提箱

搭配

a case in point

有关的事例,例证

a case in point

恰当的例子

in any case

无论如何,不管怎样

in case

假使,以防(引导虚拟语气) sum up the case

概括事实

in case of

假如,如果发生;防备

in no case

无论如何不,决不

in this/that case

如果这样.那样的话

a case of measles

麻疹病例

appeal a case

申述

pack a case

装箱

in the case of

就…..来说,至于

as the case may be

看情况，根据具体情况

辨析

case

事实,事例,情况,其可笼统地指一个完整的论题,也可表典型的事例,也可用于表医学上的病例或法律上的案例.

instance

为正式用词,指从事实中援引单独事例,隐含其典型性

重难点

语法规则：in case意为“假使；免得，以防（万一）”。In case引导的从句可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为should+动词原形

试题

I was advised to arrange for insurance _____I needed medical treatment.

A)nevertheless B) although C)in case D)so that

C

I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _________traffic jam.

A)in line with B)for the sake of C)in case of D)at the risk of C

We left the manager a note________ he wanted to know where we were.

A)if B)in case C)so that D)unless

B

The lawyer advised him to drop _________,since he stands little chance to win.

A)event B)incident C)case D)affair

C

raise

意义

vt.举起、提高、提升；筹集、征集；唤起、引起；养育、饲养、种植；提升，增加（工资）

搭配

raise one’s hand

举手

raise one’s hat to sb.

向某人举帽致敬

raise doubts in people’s minds

引起人们的怀疑

raise a child

养育孩子

raise farm/corps

饲养

raise funds

筹集资金

raise salaries

增加薪水

raise standards of service

提高服务水平

辨析raise lift

raise

多指由低处垂直举往高处，不一定费力

lift

指用力或机械把重物提高到较高的位置

rise arise arouse rise

v.上升

arise

v.发生

arouse

v.激发起

试题

Though______in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.

答案

A)raised B)grown C)developed D)cultivated

A

extend

意义

vt.延伸；扩展、扩大；提供、给予；

vi.伸展、延伸；（在范围或应用上）达到

构词

ex(向外)+tend（伸展）

变形

extension.

n.伸出、伸展；延长部分；电话分机extensive

a. 广大的、广阔的；广泛的intensive

a.加强的，深入细致的

搭配

extensive knowledge

广博的知识

to extend credit/visa

延长信贷限期/签证

extensive reading

泛读

extensive discussion

广泛的讨论

辨析

enlarge

expand

enlarge

v.扩大，放大

expand

v.使膨胀，扩张

extend lengthen prolong

extend

指直线状的伸展，引申指扩大势力、范围。

lengthen

指增加长度或延长时间。

prolong

指时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度。

试题

It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.

答案

A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive

A

intensive

意义

a.加强的，集中的，深入细致的；集约（经营）的，精耕细作的

构词

ex(向外)+tend（伸展）

变形

intensity

n.强烈，剧烈；强度

intensively

adv.加强地，集中地，深入细致地

搭配

intensive study

深入细致的研究

intensive reading

精读

intensive agriculture

集约农业

labour intensity

劳动强度

look at sb. with intensity

深情地看着某人

辨析

intense

意为“非常的；强烈的”，常用于形容某种性质或感情，表示很高或达到极端的程度。

intensive

含有intense的意思，但更强调“精细的；集中的”。An intense attack 全线的攻击；an intensive attack 集中某一点攻击。

The patient’s health failed to such an extent that he was put into____care.

答案

A)tense B)rigid C)intensive D)tight

C

The relationship between employers and employees has been studied________ 答案

A)originally B)extremely C)violently D)intensively

D

available

意义

a.现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的；可取得联系的，可得到的

构词

a(to)+vail(value,价值)+able(后缀)----有利用价值的-----可利用的

搭配

make sth. available to/for

使…可以享受某物；使….买得起某物

the only available room

唯一可用的房子；

辨析

available

a. 现成可使用的，在手边的，可利用的

a. 手边的，就近的，便利的，敏捷的

at hand

在手边，在附近，即将到来

试题

Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are______in grocery stores.

答案

A)ready B)approachable C)probable D) available

D

In general,the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____for living expense.

答案

A)acceptable B)available C)advisable D)applicable

B

charge

意义

n.控告，指控;主管，看管;费用，价钱;负荷,电荷,充电

vt.索价，要......支付;控告，指控;使承担（任务、责任等）;使负荷,使充电

搭配

in charge of

主管,看管

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