新编英语语法教程1-6讲

《新编英语语法教程》答案

新编英语语法教程第01讲练习参考答案

Ex. 1A

1. A. his home work

B. quickly, to play

2. A. The huge black horse

B. the race

3. A. have thought about

B. going into space

4. A. warms up and crawls

B. out of the bag

5. A. one of the most beautiful planets to look at through a telescope

B. because of the many rings that surround it

6. A. 165 years

B. to complete its path, or orbit,around the sun

7. A. you and your brother

B. How many pairs of shorts

8. A. the most expensive meal listed on the menu

B. What

9. A. an “Outdoor Code”

B. their members

10. A. can blow

B. as fast as 180 miles (290 kilometers) an hour

11. A. The spiral of heated air and moist air

B. to twist and grow and spin

12. A. The direction a hurricane’s spiral moves

B. counterclockwise

13. A. does not shine

B. At the north pole: for half of the year

14. A. The cold winds that blow off of the Arctic Ocean

B. a very cold place

15. A. might have been

B. guilty of murder

Ex. 1B

1. SVC

Within the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller.

2. SV

The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the groun.

3. SVO

On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Janpanese town of Hiroshima. 4. SvoO

Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.

5. SVOC

The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble.

6. SV A

Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of enpanding gas, millions of degrees hot.

7. SVOA

A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, cencrete, metal, and wood over the ground.

Ex. 1C

1. Walden Pond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty, is now the site of many tourist stands.

2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through our bedroom windows, marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome. / Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night, the cooling northeast wind made…

3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plunging down to join in the valley below.

4. With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade, this is a good spot for a picnic, and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.

5. Panting for breath after running up the stairs, Mr wood stood at his neighbour’s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.

6. The town folk envied horace, who had come into a small fortune with which he bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.

7. Standing in front of the mirror, Jim looked at his image, wondering at the big change that had come over him in recent years.

8. The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive him almost drove hime mad.

9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in 17th century France.

10. Mud-covered and shivering, John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by his father to drive off the chill.

11. Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime trees growing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.

12. Farther down the street, the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post, listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the oppsite side of the street.

13. Sarah sank in the nearest chair, completely exhausted, her limbs stiff with cold, her mind a piece of blank.

14. Throughout the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly, her pleasant, refined face wearing a grave look, her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.

15. Tony thought it necessary to break the news to his family, that Mr Jacob, his former employer, had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week.

16. The thought that he might have wronged his friend who had rendered him good services on many occasions troubled his mind, already overburdened with worries and cares.

17. The men of the disbanded royal bodyguard, suddenly turned loose onto the street of a capital seething with unrest, unemployed and perhaps disgruntled at their abrupt dismissal, were a potentially dangerous element.

18. For many years London has been a business centre with hotel accommadation for visiting businessmen toghter with well-to-do travellers but completely inadequate for the swarms of shour-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking at Dover.

19. Nearing the top, he climbed recklessly faser and faster, his eyes already glowing with triumph, but suddenly he slipped and fell, tumbling to the ground and lying motionless there, a crumpled pile of arms and legs.

20. Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons who have received both the Order of Merit, which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949, and the Nobel Prize for literature, conferred in Norway in 1950.

新编英语语法教程第02讲练习参考答案

Ex. 2A

1. come

2. are

3. has / have

4. are

5. are

6. are

7. was / were

8. is

9. costs 10. were 11. are 12. are 13. was 14. are 15. lie 16. were 17. are 18. is 19. is 20. was 21. Has 22. were 23. is 24. is 25. are 26. is 27. are 28. cover, are 29. is / are 30. was/were

Ex. 2B

1. were

2. have

3. is, is

4. was

5. were

6. is

7. is

8. are

9. is 10. are, are 11. have 12. are, their, their 13. was, It, was 14, It / They, is / are 15. are, their, they, disapprove 16. were, they 17. was 18. are 19. were 20. were

新编英语语法教程第03讲练习参考答案

Ex. 3A

1. is

2. was

3. is

4. has

5. were

6. means

7. is

8. is

9. is 10. is 11. were 12. sells 13. is 14. are 15. are 16. are 17. is 18. is 19. was 20.provides 21. are 22. was 23. stops 24. is 25. is 26. does 27. produces 28. is 29. is 30. was

Ex. 3B

1. ’s

2. are

3. is

4. are

5. is

6. was

7. is

8. were

9. is 10. ’s 11. is 12. is, is, is 13. are 14. is 15. have 16. is 17. are 18. looks 19. are 20. are 21. understand 22. has 23. was 24. have 25. was 26. was 27. are 28. is 29. is 30. was 31. is 32. is / are 33. leaves 34. is / are 35. are 36. are 37. is 38. comes 39. is 40. live 41. are 42. points / point 43. are 44. is 45. are 46. was 47. is / are 48. is 49. has 50. was

Ex. 3C

1. is / are

2. is / are

3. is

4. is / are

5. is / are

6. remain

7. is

8. are

9. has / have 10.care / cares 11. is 12. plays 13. is 14. am 15. are / is 16. was 17. is, has 18. was 19. come 20. is

新编英语语法教程第04讲练习参考答案

Ex. 4A

1. description

2. arrangement

3. attendance

4. peculiarity

5. expectation

6. argument

7. dependence 8. originality 9. exaggeration 10. measurement 11. purity 12. persistence 13. extension 14. statement 15. generosity 16. entrance 17. loneliness

18. forgetfulness 19. happiness 20. seriousness

Ex. 4B

1. strange sounds

2. foods are

3. chief, tribes, their, salmon (s)

4. The runners-up were given pound notes / The runners-up were each given a pound note.

5. bodies, their heroes

6. mice, tooth-marks

7. Crises, occur, families

8. /

9. / 10. these businesses 11. / 12. fruits are

13. / 14. these articles are well written 15. / 16. several personal kindnesses 17. / 18. sufferings 19. professors 20. children are playing, sands

Ex. 4C

1. experience

2. waters

3. for advice

4. an important piece of information

5. for it is fun

6. were not numerous

7. Poultry

8. directors are

9. militia 10. geniuses 11. merchandise has 12. sympathies 13. experiences 14. were times, rivalry 15. clippings, were 16. lookers-on 17. foliage is 18. photos 19. 12-pages 20. Luggage is

Ex. 4D

1. blade

2. piece

3. choir

4. flash

5. lump

6. gang

7. grain

8. head

9. staff 10. collection 11. fleet 12. cluster 13. bundle 14. bunch 15. team 16. piece 17. ear 18. bar 19. herd 20. pack 21. flock 22. crowd / swarm 23. troupe 24. bench 25. grove 26. collection 27. suite 28. squadron 29. band 30. library Ex. 4E

1-5 BCADC 6-10 CBDAB 11-15 ADBBC 16-20 BDCAB

新编英语语法教程第05讲练习参考答案

Ex. 5A

1. my father has a car

2. the bull has horns

3. the prisoner escaped

4. her parents consented

5. somebody released the prisoner

6. somebody assassinated the President

7. a letter from the general / the general sent a letter

8. the crowd felt sympathy

9. a college for women

10. a summer day, a day in the summer

11. the earth has a (rough) surface

12. the absence lasted ten days

13. a doctoral degree, a doctorate

14. the bird made the nest

15. the committee made a report

16. a story told by the girl / the girl told a story

17. the volcano erupted

18. the victim had courage / the victim was courageous

19. somebody punished the boy

20. the critics recevied the play in a hostile manner

Ex. 5B

1. The comedian performed, and he was well received by a huge audience.

这位喜剧演员的演出很受广大观众的欢迎。

2. She was thankful, for her little girl had quickly recovered.

她的小女孩很快康复，为此她非常感谢。

3. How to educate children presents a big problem.

教育孩子成了大问题。

4. He was happy that his wife loved hime.

他陶醉于妻子对他的爱情。

5. He did that because he loved his wife.

他干这个是出于对妻子的爱。

6. The enemy was defeated, and the war was brought to an end.

战争以敌人的失败而告终。

7. John was pleased because his teacher praised him.

约翰因受到老师的嘉勉而感到高兴。

8. She was punished for stealing, and the punishment was a year in prison.

她因偷窃被判刑一年。

9. As he had served unfailingly, the servant was remembered in his master’s will as a reward.

由于仆人忠实可靠地服务，主人在遗嘱中提出遗赠作为报酬。

10. W illiam’s homework is the only example that is never bably done.

只有威廉的家庭作业一贯做得好。

Ex. 5C

1. …Dick’s decision to emigrate to Australia.

2. the expansion of the Physics Department / The Physics Department’s expansion…

3. …a novel of Jane Austen’s.

4. That long report of Mr Allen’s…

5. Those new shoes of yours…

6. …the article of the student…

7. …Shakespeare’s tragedies / the tragedies of Shakespeare

8. …a ship’s carpenter.

9. The punishment of the offenders…

10. …the past decade’s events / the events of the past decade

11. …the enemy’s unconditional surrender / the unconditional surrender of the enemy.

12. …other people’s criticism of him.

13. …the younger generation’s education / the education of the younger gen eration.

14. …at John Wiley’s, the bookseller’s.

15. …an article of T. Johns’…

16. …this policy of the government’s…?

17. …an idiot’s tale.

18. That dog of Frank’s…

19. This book of Joe Hill’s…

20. Jane’s letter…

Ex. 5D

1. The leg of the table is broken.

2. Mary and John’s house is on the corner.

3. …on birs’s nests.

4. …the students’ problems.

5. …at the Joneses’.

6. /

7. …Charles’ car but someone else’s.

8. …in ten years’ time.

9. The products’ effectiveness…

10. This week’s news… than the last two weeks’.

11. …others’ problems.

12. …each other’s worries.

13. My brother and sister-in-law’s house…

14. A friend of my father’s…

15. A wheel of the car…

16. /

17. The baseball player’ wives…

18. …women’s clothing only.

19. …Milton’s long poems.

20. Those new shoes of yours…

新编英语语法教程第06讲练习参考答案

Ex. 6A

1-5 AABDB 6-10 CCCDB 11-15 ACABC 16-20 DBDCD

Ex. 6B

1. books

2. end

3. words

4. news

5. weeks

6. sign

7. money

8. intelligence

9. books 10. line 11. sentences 12. strength 13. apple, money, etc 14. case 15. nurses 16. bales 17. novel, ones 18. years, cause 19. rooms 20. cases

Ex. 6C

1-5 BDCAD 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 BBCAB 16-20 CDDCC

Ex. 6D

1. …little opportunity to travel.

2. …many such novels.

3. … / Neither sentenc e is correct English.

4. He has many more problems…

5. …this kind of apple / these kind (s) of apples.

6. I enjoy either kind, …

7. …every book in the fiction section.

8. …than in any other country in the world.

9. …a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.

10. …all this luggage / all the luggage at the airport.

11. …such beautiful poetry / such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe she has never had a formal education.

12. …a great many friends in New Y ork.

13. Whatever nonsense…

14. That third sister of his…

15. I can’t for the life of me remember.

16. Presumably there are fewer / less diseases…

17. …than all other methods.

18. …once every three months.

19. …study of language.

20. …some more soup?

Ex. 6E

1. How much work have you done this morning?

2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.

3. He’s done the least work.

4. There are several methods of approaching this problem.

5. I know little French.

6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work.

7. Were there many people at the reception?

8. May I have a few words with you?

9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.

10. Harry made the fewest mistakes.

11. Y ou’ve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.

12. Jack’s done the most work and made the most mistakes.

13. He’s done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.

14. A millionaire has lots of money—and lots of worries.

15. Ann a has enough worries because she hasn’t got enough money.

16. The telephone rang every few minutes.

17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.

18. Both his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2006.

19. Soon we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.

20. My brother spent $ 500 for a second-hand car, but I spent almost twice the amount for the same stuff.

Ex. 6F

1. much

2. many

3. any

4.some

5. some, any

6. any

7. Some, any

8. many

9. few 10. little 11. fewer 12. little / less 13. either 14. either, neither 15. Both 16. All 17. none 18. every 19. each 20. any, all

新编英语语法教程(第6版)练习参考答案

新编英语语法教程（第6版）第21讲练习参考答案Ex. 21A was sorry to learn… will be sad to hear… would be very surprised to receive… is happy to have found… was afraid to go… was pleased to hear… am very anxious to meet you. were delighted to receive your telegram. were sensible to stay indoors. clerk was prompt to answer the call. rule is easy to remember. are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. house is difficult to heat. you ready to leave would be foolish to go out in this weather. is quick to see the point. is very keen to get on. are proud to have him as a friend. was rude not to answer your letter. are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B decision to resign surprised all of us. showed no inclination to leave.

《语言学教程》中文笔记(完整)

语言学教程笔记 第一章语言学导论 语言的定义特征：从本质上将人类语言与动物语言区分开的人类语言的区别性特点。 1. 任意性：任意性是指语言符号的形式与所表示的意义没有天然的联系，任意性是语言的核 心特征。例如，我们无法解释为什么一本书读作 a /buk/，一支钢笔读作a /pe n/。 任意性具有不同层次：（1）语素音义关系的任意性。（2）句法层面上的任意性。 （3） 任意性和规约性。 2. 二层性：二层性是指拥有两层结构的这种特性，上层结构的单位由底层结构的元素构成， 每层都有自身的组合规则。话语的组成元素是本身不传达意义的语音，语音的唯一作用就是 相互组合构成有意义的单位，比如词。因为底层单位是无意的，而上层单位有明确的意义，所以我们把语音叫做底层单位，与词等上层单位相对。二层性使语言拥有了一种强大的能产 性。 3. 创造性：创造性指语言的能产性，指语言有制造无穷长句的潜力，这来源于语言的二层性 和递归性。利用二重性说话者可以通过组合基本语言单位，无止境地生成句子，大多数都是以前没有过的或没有听过的。 4. 移位性：是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间上和空间上并不可及的 物体、时间或观点。因此我们可以提及孔子或北极，虽然前者已经去世两千五百五十多年而 后者位置距我们非常之远。语言使我们能够谈及已不存在或还未出现的事物。移位性赋予人 们的概括与抽象能力使人类受益无穷。词在指称具体物体时，并不总是出现在即时、形象化 的语境中。他们通常为了体现指称含义而被使用。 5. 文化传递性：语言不是靠遗传，而是通过文化传递的。 6. 互换性：指人可以是信息的发出者，也可以是信息的接受者，即人作为说话者和听话者的 角色是可以随意更换的。 元语言功能：我们的语言可以用来讨论语言本身。比如说，我可以用“书”指代一本书，也可以用“书这个词”来指代“书”这个词本身。这使语言具有无限的自我反身性：人类可以谈论“说话”，也可以思考“思考"。所以只有人类才能提问：元语言功能对交际、思考及人类的意义是什么？

新编英语语法教程

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第3讲主谓一致（二） 3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 1）由and/both... And 连接的并列主语 2）由or/nor/either...or 等连接的并列主语 3）主语+as much as 等 4）主语+as well as 等 3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一直问题1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 2) 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题 1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 2）以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题 3）关系分句中的主谓一致问题 4）分裂句中的主谓一致问题 5）存在句中的主谓一致问题 第4讲 4.1 名词分类和名词词组的句法功能 1）名词分类 2）名词词组的句法功能 4.2 名词的数 1）规则复数和不规则复数 2）集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数4.3 单位词 1）一般表示个数的单位词 2）表示形状的单位词 3）表示容积的单位词 4）表示动作状态的单位词 5）表示成双、成对、成群的单位词 第5讲 5.1 名词属格的构成、意义和用法 1）名词属格的构成 2）名词属格的意义 3）名词属格的用法 5.2 独立属格和双重属格 1）独立属格 2）双重属格 第6讲限定词（一） 6.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 1）能与三类名词搭配的限定词 2）只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 3）只能与复数名词搭配的限定词

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新编英语语法教程（第6版）第16讲练习参考答案 Ex. 16A 1. This topic has been talked about … 2. It will then be dealt with … 3. The children weren’t properly looked after. 4. Has this matter been looked into? 5. Are you being attended to? 6. Smith’s warehouse was broken into … 7. My application has been turned down. 8. This question will be brought up … 9. The trains were held up by fog. 10. Your argument is not borne out by the facts. 11. Their stories are made up. 12. The application has been filled in incorrectly. 13. The scheme was thought out carefully. 14. The prices were put up. 15. Your photographs will be blown up well. 16. The recorded programmes can be played back. 17. These interruptions were put up with. 18. His retirement is being looked forward to very much. 19. The responsibilities are being faced up to badly. 20. He was looked up to by everyone. 21. This piece of legislation had been done away with reluctantly. 22. They weren’t taken in by her story. 23. I was got through the written papers by special coaching. 24. He will be seen off at the airport by all the ministers. 25. If it rains, the match will have to be put off … Ex.16B 1. Couldn’t someone be asked to do the word privately without being known? 2. They were shocked by the boy’s rudeness, which was put down to his having been spoiled by his parents. 3. … that the picture had been stolen. 4. The question was put to debate, but on very few occasions was a question fully debated in Parliament. 5. … and martial law was declared. The army put down the rebellion and declared martial law. 6. He wanted the information to be treated as confidential … 7. … and the proceeds will be shared among his family. 8. All the members should have an equal right to speak and to vote. Only in this way could they make the law effectively. 9. Having been ignored for many years, … 10. Should it be proved beyond doubt that the fire was caused by an accident, the man being held on suspicion of arson will be released. 11. On being informed that he was wanted by the police, the man realized that he had been betrayed by his accomplice. 12. … it was found that most of its fittings had been stripped and the air had been let out of the tyres. 13. …, but it had to be cancelled at the last minute because of a cabinet crisis. 14. The fire was finally got under control, but not before it had caused extensive damage / but not

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