BEC中级真题第三辑阅读及答案解析版

TEST1

PART ONE

B 1 It would be advisable for Flacks to consult customers before developing a new product.

D 2 Producing goods for specialist markets might increase Flacks' profits.

C 3 Flacks may need to change the function of one of its facilities.

A 4 Flacks should utilise its current expertise to enter a different market.

B 5 Flacks may need to consider closing its current production facility.

C 6 Flacks should develop the connections it has established with leading retailers.

A 7 Expanding the product range would not be a problem for the workforce.

Flacks is a UK-based company that produces fashion accessories for women. How can it continue to grow its business?

A Susan Falmer

Faced with a shrinking market, cheap imports and competitive pricing, Flacks will have to work hard to increase its margins. They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts. They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride. Also, they wouldn't need to re-equip their factory and could use non-UK sourcing if facilities here are in short supply.

B Mesut Guzel

They have the fundamentals of a survival strategy in a market where outsourced manufacture and brand differentiation hold the key to success. I think they should initially locate some of their production in another country, where manufacturing quality tends to be better and it is easier to meet changing customer demands. But they should also regularly monitor production in Britain and think about outsourcing all this work abroad at some point if they need it done faster. The company should continue to work on innovative products, and thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.

C Gary Wilmot

In order to beat their rivals in a highly competitive market, Flacks should ensure their products are attractive and build on their relationships with the big stores rather than trying to go it alone and market directly. They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products. They could eventually build more production overseas in a cycle of continuous development.

D Michal Kaminski

The demand for fashion accessories is relatively flat and the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins. But even within these, Flacks must distinguish its goods from those of its rivals in terms of quality, performance and design. Innovative sales, marketing and PR are vital to exploit these niche products. One competitive advantage that Flacks does have is production times. Many retail chains now have two-tier supply chains and Flacks could focus on top-up orders. They might also investigate other sales channels such as mail order.

这篇文章是关于一个女性时尚饰品公司——Flacks的发展战略问题，四个专家给出了自

己的建议。这套题目的答案稍微有些隐晦。

第一题，说在开发新产品前咨询客户的意见对于Flacks来讲是很明智的。答案是B段

的最后一句：thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.彻底的市场调查能够确保新的思想很好的被接受。Market research，市场调查，在很大程度上就

是咨询客户的意见（consult customers），any new ideas可以对应于developing a new product, 能够well received，那么对于公司来讲当然就是advisable了。选B。

第二题，说为专业市场生产产品可以增加利润。答案是D段的这么一句：the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins这题关键是要理解一个市场的含义：niche market。看英英解释：a small area of trade within the economy, often involving specialized products。improve its margins也就是increase profits，选D。

第三题，说Flacks可能需要改变它的一个设备的功能。这里答案不是太明显，是C段

的这么一句：They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products。他们也需要考虑通过利用英国工厂生产高规格产品来调整生产焦点。也就是说，英国工厂原来不是生产高规格产品的，即题目说的改变它的一个设备的功能。第四题，说Flacks可以利用现有的技能来进入一个新的市场。答案是A段的这么一句：They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts。他们需要进入一个更有发展前景的市场，一个需求增长并且公司可以利用现有技能和合同的市场。exploit existing skills也就是utilise its current expertise。

第五题，说Flacks可以考虑关闭现有的生产设备。这题也有些隐晦，答案是这么一句：think about outsourcing all this work abroad。关键就在于outsource这个词的意思：turn to outside suppliers or manufacturers外购。既然是要考虑outsource——turn to outside manufactures，那么也就是可以考虑关闭自己的生产设备了。选B。

第六题，说Flacks应该考虑发展同领先的连锁商已经建立起来的关系。答案在C段：

build on their relationships with the big stores发展他们同大商店的关系。

第七题，说扩展产品范围对劳动力来讲不是问题。答案在A段：They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride.他们可以考虑品牌扩张——这不是一个巨大的跳跃，在销售力量的步调范围之内。言下之意，不是问题。选A。

PART TWO

Evaluating the performance of the board

Few employees escape the annual or twice-yearly performance review. (0) .....G......The answer is not a great number. And the smaller the company, the fewer checks there are on how well the directors are doing. Some of the largest companies formally assess the performance of their board, but very few new or growing companies have managed to get round to establishing any such procedure.

Many business experts believe, however, that it is important for all companies to review the performance of the board. (8) .............Another reason is that the board itself needs information on how well it is doing, just as much as other employees do. For the chief executive, appraisal of some sort is absolutely essential for his or her own sake and for the good of the company. Indeed, many of those who have reached this level remark on how lonely the job of chief executive is and how few opportunities they get to discuss issues relating to it.

There is some evidence to show that once smaller companies put a board appraisal process in place, they find this process relatively easy to operate. (9) .............Their counterparts in larger organisations, however, are often afraid that appraisals could be a challenge to their status.

So, how should companies assess their board? (10) .............At a very basic level,this could simply mean getting all the directors to write down what they have achieved and how they can improve on it. At the other end of the scale is the full '360-degree' appraisal. Here, each director is appraised in a systematic manner by a combination of the chairman and fellow directors.

In the largest companies there are many methods for assessing the board. A number of such companies have self-assessment schemes. The chairman may meet each board member individually to ask how things are going, in a fairly informal way. The whole board might also meet to talk about its progress in open session. (11).............These might ask for people's opinions on the board's main tasks or on how well the committees are working.

Research indicates there has been some improvement in the way the appraisal of board members is conducted. (12) .............The chairman will have been involved directly or indirectly in the appraisal of all members of the board. Whose job is it, then, to appraise the chairman?

A It is often the case that the directors of such companies are even happy to receive criticism, as this can prevent them from making basic mistakes.

B The rest of the workforce sees it as unfair if the directors are the only members of the company to escape appraisal.

C These are encouraging as they put a limit on the power of the chairman to assess fellow directors.

D Alternatively, questionnaires might be distributed to directors, forming the basis for future discussion.

E One issue remains, however, when all the others have been dealt with.

F It is generally agreed that it is the chairman's responsibility to ensure the regular appraisal of each member of the board.

G However, one wonders how many companies have in place a formal appraisal process for their board of directors.

《Evaluating the performance of the board》，评估董事局的表现。众所周知一个公司里面

是经常对员工的表现进行评估的，那么谁又来评估董事局的表现呢？这篇文章讲了对董事局表现进行评估的重要性和一些方法。

第八题，前面说对董事局的表现进行评估是很重要的。空格后面的句子中有another reason，可见这个第八空应该填入对董事局表现进行评估原因的句子。B符合这一特点，为什么要进行评估，因为“如果决策层是公司唯一逃避评估的成员的话，其他的员工会视之为不公平。”

第九题，前面说小公司会发现这种评估过程更容易操作。空格后面一个however，说大

公司的决策层会认为评估是对他们地位的一种挑战。可见这个空格应该填入表示小公司愿意接受评估的句子。A符合这一特点：通常这些公司的决策层会很乐意接受批评，因为这可以防止他们犯错误。这里的such companies是个暗示，可以和前面的smaller companies对应上。第十题，前面问怎样对公司的董事局进行评估。那么很明显，后面跟的句子应该和评估

的方式方法有关。符合这一标准的只有F：一般认为确保对董事局里每个成员的定期评估是主席的责任。也就是说是依赖于主席进行评估。responsibility是个关键词。

第十一题。第五段依然是讲评估的方法，具体的过程。空格的前面说主席可以单独会见

董事局的每一个成员，或者是集体在一起谈话。空格后面说这些可以询问人们关于董事局主要任务以及委员会的工作进展情况的意见。ask for people’s opinion是个关键点，什么可以询

问人们的观点？调查。选D，questionnaires是个关键的暗示：或者，也许可以给经理们分发调查问卷，形成未来讨论的基础。

第十二题，这一空前面说有调查显示对董事局成员进行评估的方法有所改善。空格后面

来了一个疑问，提出没有人评估主席。可见第十二题有转折的意思，选E，有关键的连词however,而且E的one issue remains，正好对应最后一段最后一句话的一个问题。内容上也吻合。

PART three

Evaluating the performance of the board

Few employees escape the annual or twice-yearly performance review. (0) .....G......The answer is not a great number. And the smaller the company, the fewer checks there are on how well the directors are doing. Some of the largest companies formally assess the performance of their board, but very few new or growing companies have managed to get round to establishing any such procedure.

Many business experts believe, however, that it is important for all companies to review the performance of the board. (8) .............Another reason is that the board itself needs information on how well it is doing, just as much as other employees do. For the chief executive, appraisal of some sort is absolutely essential for his or her own sake and for the good of the company. Indeed, many of those who have reached this level remark on how lonely the job of chief executive is and how few opportunities they get to discuss issues relating to it.

There is some evidence to show that once smaller companies put a board appraisal process in place, they find this process relatively easy to operate. (9) .............Their counterparts in larger organisations, however, are often afraid that appraisals could be a challenge to their status.

So, how should companies assess their board? (10) .............At a very basic level,this could simply mean getting all the directors to write down what they have achieved and how they can improve on it. At the other end of the scale is the full '360-degree' appraisal. Here, each director is appraised in a systematic manner by a combination of the chairman and fellow directors.

In the largest companies there are many methods for assessing the board. A number of such companies have self-assessment schemes. The chairman may meet each board member individually to ask how things are going, in a fairly informal way. The whole board might also meet to talk about its progress in open session. (11).............These might ask for people's opinions on the board's main tasks or on how well the committees are working.

Research indicates there has been some improvement in the way the appraisal of board members is conducted. (12) .............The chairman will have been involved directly or indirectly in the appraisal of all members of the board. Whose job is it, then, to appraise the chairman?

A It is often the case that the directors of such companies are even happy to receive criticism, as this can prevent them from making basic mistakes.

B The rest of the workforce sees it as unfair if the directors are the only members of the company to escape appraisal.

C These are encouraging as they put a limit on the power of the chairman to assess fellow directors.

D Alternatively, questionnaires might be distributed to directors, forming the basis for future discussion.

E One issue remains, however, when all the others have been dealt with.

F It is generally agreed that it is the chairman's responsibility to ensure the regular appraisal of each member of the board.

G However, one wonders how many companies have in place a formal appraisal process for their board of directors.

《Evaluating the performance of the board》，评估董事局的表现。众所周知一个公司里面

是经常对员工的表现进行评估的，那么谁又来评估董事局的表现呢？这篇文章讲了对董事局表现进行评估的重要性和一些方法。

第八题，前面说对董事局的表现进行评估是很重要的。空格后面的句子中有another reason，可见这个第八空应该填入对董事局表现进行评估原因的句子。B符合这一特点，为什么要进行评估，因为“如果决策层是公司唯一逃避评估的成员的话，其他的员工会视之为不公平。”

第九题，前面说小公司会发现这种评估过程更容易操作。空格后面一个however，说大

公司的决策层会认为评估是对他们地位的一种挑战。可见这个空格应该填入表示小公司愿意接受评估的句子。A符合这一特点：通常这些公司的决策层会很乐意接受批评，因为这可以防止他们犯错误。这里的such companies是个暗示，可以和前面的smaller companies对应上。第十题，前面问怎样对公司的董事局进行评估。那么很明显，后面跟的句子应该和评估

的方式方法有关。符合这一标准的只有F：一般认为确保对董事局里每个成员的定期评估是主席的责任。也就是说是依赖于主席进行评估。responsibility是个关键词。

第十一题。第五段依然是讲评估的方法，具体的过程。空格的前面说主席可以单独会见

董事局的每一个成员，或者是集体在一起谈话。空格后面说这些可以询问人们关于董事局主要任务以及委员会的工作进展情况的意见。ask for people’s opinion是个关键点，什么可以询

问人们的观点？调查。选D，questionnaires是个关键的暗示：或者，也许可以给经理们分发调查问卷，形成未来讨论的基础。

第十二题，这一空前面说有调查显示对董事局成员进行评估的方法有所改善。空格后面

来了一个疑问，提出没有人评估主席。可见第十二题有转折的意思，选E，有关键的连词however,而且E的one issue remains，正好对应最后一段最后一句话的一个问题。内容上也吻合。

Part Four

BRITISH COMPANIES CROSS THE ATLANTIC

Next month a large group of British business people are going to America on a venture which may generate export earnings for their companies' shareholders in years to come. A long list of sponsors will support the initiative, which will involve a ￡3-million media campaign and a fortnight of events and exhibitions. The ultimate goal is to persuade more Americans that British companies have something to interest them.

While there have been plenty of trade initiatives in the past, the difference this time round is that considerable thinking and planning have gone into trying to work out just what it is that Americans look for in British products. Instead of exclusively promoting the major corporations, this time there is more emphasis on supporting the smaller, more unusual, niche businesses.

Fresh in the memories of all those concerned is the knowledge that America has been the end of many a large and apparently successful business. For Carringtons, a retail group much respected by European customers and investors, America turned out to be a commercial disaster and the belief that they could even show some of the great American stores a retailing trick or two was hopelessly over-optimistic.

Polly Brown, another very British brand that rode high for years on good profits and huge city confidence, also found that conquering America, in commercial and retailing terms, was not as easy as it had imagined. When it positioned itself in the US as a niche, luxury brand, selling shirts that were priced at $40 in the UK for $125 in the States, the strategy seemed to work. But once its management decided it should take on the middle market, this success rapidly drained away. It was a disastrous mistake and the high cost of the failed American expansion plans played a large role in its declining fortunes in the mid-nineties.

Sarah Scott, managing director of Smythson, the upmarket stationer, has had to think long and hard about what it takes to succeed in America and she takes it very seriously indeed. 'Many British firms are quite patronising about the US,' she says. They think that we're so much more sophisticated than the Americans. They obviously haven't noticed Ralph Lauren, an American who has been much more skilled at tapping into an idealised Englishness than any English company. Also, many companies don't bother to study the market properly and think that because something's successful in the UK, it's bound to be successful over there. You have to look at what you can bring them that they haven't already got. On the whole, American companies are brilliant at the mass, middle market and people who've tried to take them on at this level have found it very difficult.'

This time round it is just possible that changing tastes are running in Britain's favour. The enthusiasm for massive, centralised retail chains has decreased. People want things with some sort of individuality; they are fed up with the banal, middle-of-the-road taste that America does so well.

They are now looking for the small, the precious, the 'real thing', and this is precisely what many of the companies participating in the initiative do best.

13 The main reason that the British business people are going to America is to

A encourage American consumers to buy their products.

B analyse how American companies attract media coverage.

C look for financial backing from American investors and banks.

D investigate how British and American companies could form partnerships.

14 In the writer's opinion, the proposed venture will be different to previous ones because

A fewer British business leaders will be making the trip.

B less well-known companies will be better represented.

C the larger companies have decided they will not be participating.

D it involves research into how British companies market themselves.

15 The writer states that Carringtons was wrong to

A be cautious about trading in America.

B borrow money from its European investors.

C assume it was superior to American rivals.

D ignore the advice of its American managers.

16 According to the writer, Polly Brown's mistake occurred when it

A continued to trade despite making a loss.

B attempted to attract a different type of customer.

C tried to break into too many markets at the same time.

D expected American consumers to pay British prices for goods.

17 Sarah Scott states that British companies hoping to succeed in America should

A focus on a gap in the market.

B be less concerned with their image.

C concentrate on selling products in the mid-price range.

D carry out research into the pricing policies of American companies.

18 The writer suggests that success in America depends upon

A adopting a more American approach to marketing.

B persuading the mid-range consumer to pay for quality.

C copying the strategies of American companies.

D building a reputation as a supplier of unique goods.

《British companies across the Atlantic》，跨洋英国公司。有一批在本土干的不错的英国公司，雄心勃勃的要在大洋彼岸的美国去大展拳脚，结果遭遇了滑铁卢。文章根据这些公司的经验和教训，说明了去海外开拓市场的注意事项。

13题，问英国商人去美国的主要原因是什么。答案是第一段的最后一句话：The ultimate goal is to persuade more Americans that British companies have something to interest them.终极

目标是是更多的美国人信服英国公司有可以吸引他们的地方。说的这么婉转动听，其实意思就是：要美国人买他们英国人的产品。答案是A。ultimate goal可以对应于main reason。14题，说在作者的观点里，所推荐的企业（proposed是recommended的意思）不同于

上次的一批，原因是什么。答案是第二段的最后的一句：Instead of exclusively promoting the major corporations, this time there is more emphasis on supporting the smaller, more unusual, niche businesses.这次的重点更多的在于支持规模小一些的特色企业，而不是单独促进大公司。也就是说这次和上次的区别在于重点扶植的对象不同。选B：less well-known companies will be better represented。不那么出名的一些公司将得到更好的展现。represented在这里的意思是be present to a particular degree.看一个例句：Abstraction is well represented in this exhibition.

15题，问作者认为Carringtons错误的地方在哪。答案是第三段的最后一句：the belief that they could even show some of the great American stores a retailing trick or two was hopelessly over-optimistic.认为自己可以给一些大的美国商店玩一下连锁的戏法，结果杯具了。也就是答案C所说的认为他们强于美国对手。Show some of the great American stores a retailing trick 是关键点，理解了这个就好做出答案。

16题，问依作者之见，Polly Brown的错误在什么时候发生的。答案在第四段，前面说

当这个公司将自己定位于一个特殊的奢侈品牌时，战略似乎是奏效的。但是当管理层决定去攻占中级市场时，成功的果实很快被榨干了。所以答案是B：试图去吸引一个不同类型的消费群体。a different type of customer可以对应于take on the middle market。take on在这里是occupy的意思。

17题，问Sarah Scott说英国公司要想在美国成功必须怎么样，答案在第五段。这个人

在第五段前面讲了很多英国公司的缺点，比如自以为是。最关键的句子是这么一个：You have to look at what you can bring them that they haven't already got.给他们带来他们现在还没有得

到的一些东西。也就是说要填补现有市场上的一些空白。选A。

18题，在美国成功取决于什么。答案在第六段。说人们需要有一点个性的东西，而这

正好是从事于这个领域的很多公司可以做的。答案选D：建立一个独特商品提供者的名声。unique goods是关键词，可以对应things with some sort of individuality。

Promise of Jobs with Telephone Banking Centre

An ￡80-million telephone banking centre is to open in Scotland, with the creation of about 500 new jobs. Grand Union Group, which owns the Dundee and Western Bank, said today it hopes to have the (19) fully operational by next August. It will be based at the new Caledonian Industrial Estate currently being built near Edinburgh.

The centre is being (20) through a joint partnership (21) global telecommunications firm Concept and customer care specialists Businesslink.

Sara Grimaldi, chief executive of the Dundee and Western Bank, said, 'I'm delighted we will be working in (22) with Concept and Businesslink and I'm confident we will (23) from their considerable experience. The new centre will make (24) use of innovative business procedures which will (25) to an improved service and experience for our valued customers.' Callum Martin, president of global accounts for Grand Union Group, added that he was very pleased his company will play a key role in such an important development employing state-of- the-art technology. The local council said new jobs were (26) of the efforts made to (27) investment to the region. Council leader Hugh MacArthur said, 'It's good news for Grand Union, but it will also (28) us to promote Edinburgh to companies considering a (29) to Scotland. The council will continue to work hard to ensure that today's (30) is just the latest (31) in our attempt to create high quality jobs in the area.'

Scotland has become a European leader in terms of telephone banking centres and has (32) itself an excellent reputation. The call centre sector as a whole employs more than 28,000 people at more than 170 sites in Scotland. Taking this into (33) , it seems likely that this new centre will be another success story.

19.A facility B plant C function D situation

20.A assisted B invested C funded D paid

21.A consisting B engaging C containing D involving

22.A venture B teamwork C enterprise D collaboration

23.A benefit B improve C grow D advance

24.A inclusive B uniform C extensive D universal

25.A help B contribute C provide D combine

26.A facts B reasons C data D evidence

27.A acquire B gain C attract D win

28.A necessitate B ease C support D enable

29.A reorganisation B reassignment C relocation D replacement

30.A announcement B publication C notice D acknowledgement

31.A method B step C point D action

32.A achieved B taken C drawn D earned

33.A mind B regard C account D note

这篇文章主要讲的是一个大型的电话银行中心可能带来的就业前景。

19题，首先排除C、D，因为此处应该填入一个动词，用来指代即将于下个八月完全运作的telephone banking centre。plant是指（工业用的）大型机器、设备，所以此处应该选

择facility，设施。

20题，指这个centre是让两个公司联合赞助的。assist后接with，invest后接in，paid

意思不对，不是一般付款而是提供资金，所以是fund。

21题，此处的动词是用来表明这个联合赞助所涉及到的两方。consist后需要of，engage

意思不对，contain一般用来表示整体包含某个部分，这个空格前后并不是包含关系。involve，涉及到，用法对意思也对。

22题，in collaboration with 固定用法，合作

23题，benifit from 从。。。中获益。

24题和25题，这个句子翻译过来就是新中心将广泛利用创新型商业程序。这种程序有利

于对我们珍贵的客户提供改进的服务和经验。理解句子含义，不难选出答案。

26和27题，作为一个整体进行考虑。吸引了投资所以增加了就业机会。26题，B、C首

先可以排除，这个空的意思是新的工作是吸引投资所做努力的证明，从意思上讲，应选evidence。27题，attract investment吸引投资，是商英里非常地道的表达。其他几个从

汉语意思上貌似都说的通，但不是地道的英语表达。

28题，enable to使某人能够。

29题，relocation改变位置，办公室搬迁。意思是促使我们将爱丁堡“推销”给考虑在苏

格兰重置办公室的公司。

30题，这个题目要想填对需要费一番心思，从整体上看这个空。整篇文章讲的是一个电话银行中心要开在苏格兰了。这个消息一经宣布，引发了各方的猜想，觉得可以创造就业机会，带动当地经济的发展。而这一段整个就是当地议会的表态，这一空的前面就是议会官员说的话。所以30空和31空是最后的总结，说今天的宣布就是最近的为了创造高质量工作所采取的举措。理解了意思，30空填announcement，31题填step。

32题，为自己挣一个好的名声。用earn，固定用法。

33题，take into account，固定用法，考虑到

Consumer Behaviour

0 The consumer is the focus of all retail business and it is important to appreciate how

00 consumers are influenced in their buying decisions. Most of consumers, before making a

34 purchase, gather information and evaluate with the alternatives, but the extent to which

35 they look for information depends on the type of purchase. For example, in the case of

36 routine grocery purchases most consumers respond to automatically. However, for

37 purchases where the risk of making the wrong decision is greater, like buying a new

38 car, so the search for information is more important. The decision to purchase is never a

39 single decision but a number of these separate decisions, and at any time during this

40 process, consumers can change their minds about and choose an alternative route. For

41 example, although a consumer may have decided whereto buy a product only to realise

42 at the last moment that this is, in fact, having the wrong choice. The price in the store may

43 be too high or the staff unhelpful. On the other hand, a lack of queues, favourable credit

44 facilities and efficient staff all lead to a too positive impression, so retailers should

45 remember how difficulties in these areas that can affect a sale or even lose a customer permanently.

《Consumer Behaviour》，消费者行为。文章分析了一些影响消费者行为的因素。

34题，evaluate是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。evaluate the alternatives，评估替代的选择。with多余。

35题，正确的

36题，如果是respond to，后面应该要接宾语，而这里的respond to后面的是副词，所以直接用respond表示反应，to是多余的。

37题，正确的

38题，这里并没有因果关系。完整的句子是这样的：for purchases where the risk of making the wrong decision is greater,(so)the search for information is more important.意思风险越大，收集信息越重要。so是多余的。

39题，separate decision是和前面的single decision相对应说的，并没有特别指代，所以代词these在这里是多余的。

40题，change their minds，改变他们的主意，about多余。

41题，这个句子并没有转折的意思，完整的是a consumer may have decided where to buy a product only to realize at the last moment that this is the wrong decision。连词although是多余的。

42题，从上面的完整句子可以看出，已经有了谓语is，having是多余的。

43题，正确的。

44题，too是副词，后面不能跟着来修饰名词，只能是too positive。而从这里的句子的意思来看，是说好的设备和高效率的员工可以带来一个好的印象。所以too是多余的。

45题，that引导从句。而这个句子主谓宾很齐全，that前面是主语，affect是谓语，后面是宾语，不是从句，所以that多余。

1 In order to complete a task well, it may not be necessary to deal with every detail.

2 If you have too much to do, you may need to turn down work in the future.

3 Any planning activity needs to take place on a regular basis.

4 You should avoid giving additional time to a particular task.

5 It is possible that some routine tasks do not need to be carried out.

6 If you are overloaded with work, it is important to identify the cause.

7 People at all levels perform time-wasting activities.

Successful Time Management

A

The secret of avoiding work pressure is thinking ahead. Every day you need to review your progress towards objectives and decide how you can best use the time available to make further progress. You may find this is best done at the start of your working day but some people prefer to have a planning session just before they finish. Whichever you select - and you may need to experiment to find what suits you best-find some way of fitting the activity into your schedule. Never say, 'I don't have time to plan today'.

B

Managers at all levels occasionally find they have taken on more than they can cope with. This is not a crime, but you must examine the reasons for such a situation and then plan a course of action.

Until the problem is resolved, most of your time and energy will go into worrying about the situation and you will feel unmotivated. Think too about how to prevent it happening again. This may require you to be firm and avoid agreeing to more than is realistic.

C

If a review of your working practices shows that you are too much of a perfectionist, do something about this. Modern definitions of quality refer to Witness for purpose'. If you bear this in mind, you may find it easier to persuade yourself to settle for an acceptable level of quality rather than perfection. When thinking about objectives and planning how to achieve them, consider how thoroughly you need to do something in order to meet your requirements. Unless you have spare time, do not spend extra hours on an activity in an effort to cover absolutely everything.

D

If your review of a period of time shows that you are spending time on things that are not really necessary or important, then think hard about whether you can afford this time. Many people file unnecessary papers and attend endless, unproductive meetings. Even top managers can be guilty

of misdirecting their efforts by supervising subordinates too closely or failing to delegate. If you question the necessity of certain work, you may find it easier to avoid these misdirected efforts and this will better inform your planning in the future.

《Successful Time Management》，成功的时间管理。文章针对怎么利用时间、提高工作

效率提出了一些建议。

第一题，为了完成好一个任务，没有必要处理每一个细节。答案是C段的最后一句话，

而且这句话同时是第一题和第四题的答案所在：Unless you have spare time, do not spend extra hours on an activity in an effort to cover absolutely everything.除非你有空闲的时间，否则不要在一件事情上花费额外的时间去努力涉及到所有事情。cover absolutely everything可以对应于deal with every detail。

第二题，如果你有很多要做的，也许需要拒绝以后的工作。答案是B段的最后一句，

有点绕：This may require you to be firm and avoid agreeing to more than is realistic.这需要你变得坚定，避免答应超出现实的工作。more than is realistic，也就是眼前无法完成的工作，即work in the future。

第三题，任何计划行为都需要建立在一个有规律的基础上。答案在A段。A段整个就

是讲的计划的重要性，有计划，才能合理安排时间。中间说有人喜欢在每天开始的时候计划，有人喜欢在结束前。答案是这么一句：you may need to experiment to find what suits you

best-find some way of fitting the activity into your schedule.你必须去试验寻找到最适合你的——寻找将这个活动融入到你的时间表的某种方法。要让计划融入进你的时间表，也就是说计划要成为你的日程的固定部分，即题目说的take place on a regular basis。

第四题，在第一题已经说了，C段的最后一句，extra hours可以对应于additional time。

第五题，可能有些例行的任务不需要被执行。答案是D段的第一句：If your review of a period of time shows that you are spending time on things that are not really necessary or important, then think hard about whether you can afford this time如果回顾某段时间发现你在一些并不是真正必要或者重要的事情上花费了时间，那么你需要仔细考虑这次你是否花的起。言下之意，有些things that are not really necessary or important（some routine tasks）可以不必花时间(do not need to be carried out)。

第六题，如果你觉得自己工作负担过重，那么查明原因很重要。答案是B段的这么一

句：This is not a crime, but you must examine the reasons for such a situation and then plan a course of action。examine the reasons可以对应于identify the cause。

第七题，各个等级的人都会进行浪费时间的活动。答案在D段，需要提炼。D段整个

讲的都是不要把时间浪费在不必要的事情上。前面说不要干一些routine task，后面说顶端的经理们也会误用他们的努力。最后一段盘点了很多人，前面的many people，后面的even top manager，和在一起就是题目说的people at all levels。不管是routine task，还是misdirecting their efforts，都是time-wasting activities。

Staff appraisals

Good preparation for staff appraisals can pay dividends in terms of staff loyalty and satisfaction.Many managers, particularly those running smaller companies, feel they are too busy to give their employees appraisals, and many staff clearly dread them. (0) ........... They provide the opportunity for the manager to have one-to-one discussions with an employee and find out about any concerns, as well as identifying training needs and discovering career aspirations. They can make a staff member feel valued and so build loyalty.

The annual appraisal can either be a rewarding or painful experience. According to research carried out among 500 employees, the standard office appraisal is far from perfect.(8).............The possible outcome for the company is even worse; up to a quarter of employees will look for a new job within two weeks of a bad appraisal and 40% within a month.

The quality of the appraisal lies with how the boss decides to carry it out. When it is done well, employees are able to use the feedback they receive to improve their performance. (9).............So how should a constructive appraisal be carried out? According to Andrew Gillingham, a consultant trainer, appraisals can be manager-led, with the appraiser preparing a document and sharing it with the employee. Establishing training needs and motivating the employee towards bigger and better things are part of this process. (10) ............. In both cases, Gillingham believes that the effectiveness of the appraisal discussion can determine the performance of the company. Gillingham believes that anyone who thinks it's just the employee who doesn't like the appraisal experience has got it wrong. Too many managers regard appraisals as a waste of

time.(11) ..............................Managing people is a difficult matter, and without the necessary training, many managers try to avoid the uncomfortable issues that often need to be discussed at appraisals.

Gillingham believes that calling the process an appraisal may be unhelpful.(12) ..........................In either case, it is important to ensure that the meeting is successful and results in better quality management. Gillingham firmly believes that the main thing is to emphasise an open

communications ethos in the workplace that gives staff a chance to talk about issues and feel valued.

A Alternatively, managers may want the employees themselves to evaluate their work performance.

B In larger companies, the people likeiy to do something with this information will be found in the HR department.

C. Problems such as rushing through the appraisal and being appraised by a manager who doesn't understand the employee's role were common concerns.

D Arguably, 'performance review' is more appropriate since it helps create correct expectations from the meeting and indicates what will happen.

E This is mainly because they have not been shown how to carry out appraisals properly.

F But all too often, the format of the appraisal doesn't allow this.

G But this can be avoided and, given a more positive attitude from participants, appraisals can prove enormously useful for all involved.

《Staff appraisals》，员工评估。很多公司的员工和经理都害怕评估，但是好的评估可以

增进员工的忠诚度和满意感，给公司带来益处。

第八题，前面说年度评估可能是个有用的或者是痛苦的经历。但是根据调查，标准的年

度评估效果却不尽如人意。那么正常来讲，后面应该接着说评估不好（far from perfect）的原因或者是表现。C选项讲的是表现（problems），E选项虽然有because，但是不是讲的评估不好的原因。选C，正好和后面也对的上。出了问题，才使得后果更加严重（the possible outcome is even worse）。

第九题，也需要理顺上下文的逻辑关系。前面说评估的质量取决于老板决定怎么去执行。如果进行的好的话员工会根据收到的反馈来改进他们的表现。空格后面一个SO，问到怎么样让一个有建设性的评估被实行？那么前面的内容多少有点转折的意思。实行的好对改进员工的表现有好处，可实行的不好呢？逻辑上看，这里应该填入评估如果被执行的不好的话会怎么样，或者说影响实行的一些因素，所以后面才会问到该怎么去执行。从给出的几个选项，F是最符合这一特征的：评估的格式不允许这个（指根据反馈的结果改进表现）。

第十题，接着上面讲评估的具体方法。空格的前面讲评估都是manager-led，并且介绍

了一些过程。空格后面有in both cases，可以看出空格这里应该填入评估的另一种方法，和manager-led对应的。选项A最符合条件：经理们可能想要员工们自己评价自己的工作表现。alternatively这个连词是个暗示。

第十一题，前面说很多经理视评估为浪费时间。后面说如果没有必要的训练，很多经理

都会回避那些需要在评估上讨论的让人不舒服的话题。E选项可以对应于上下文：那主要是因为他们并没有被演示怎么正确的进行评估。因为没有接受训练才不理解，才会认为是浪费时间。have not been shown也就是without the necessary training。

第十二题，这一空是最明显的。叫评估不合适，那就换个名字吧，选D，叫“performance review”。

Problems in the IT industry

In the information technology industry, it is widely acknowledged that how well IT departments of the future can fulfil their business goals will depend not on the regular updating of technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Best estimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK are between 30,000 and 50,000, and growing.

And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment in training

means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasing experienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.

Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is little evidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by the Computer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the

short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis. However, this approach is becoming less and less acceptable as the general shortage of skills, coupled with high demand, sends contractor rates soaring. An experienced contract programmer, for example, can now earn at least double the current permanent salary.

With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility of consultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff 'golden handcuffs' - deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date - other organisations, like local governments, are unable to match the competitive salaries and perks on offer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% a year.

But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on to staff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying market premiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among those excluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to link bonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.

This means managers need to allocate assignments more strategically and think about advancing their staff as well as their business. Some employers advocate giving key employees projects that would normally be handled by people with slightly more experience or capability. For many employers, however, the urgency of the problem demands a more immediate solution, such as recruiting skilled workers from overseas. But even this is not easy, with strict quotas on the number of work permits issued. In addition, opposition to the recruitment of IT people from other countries is growing, as many professionals believe it will lead to even less investment in training and thus a long-term weakening of the UK skills base.

13 According to the first paragraph, the success of IT departments will depend on

A their success at retaining their skilled staff.

B the extent to which they invest in new technology.

C their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills.

D the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments.

14 A problem referred to in the second paragraph is that

A the government needs to create thousands of new IT posts.

B the pool of skilled IT people will get even smaller in the future.

C company budgets for IT training have been decreasing steadily.

D older IT professionals have not had adequate training.

15 What possible solution to the long-term problems in the IT industry is referred to in the third paragraph?

A ensure that permanent staff earn the same as contract staff

B expand company training programmes for new and old employees

C conduct more research into the reasons for staff leaving

D offer top rates to attract the best specialist consultants

16 In some businesses in the financial services sector, the IT staffing problem has led to

A cash promises for skilled staff after a specified period of time.

B more employees seeking alternative employment in the public sector.

C the loss of customers to rival organisations.

D more flexible conditions of work for their staff.

17 Employers accept that IT professionals are more likely to stay in their present post if they

A are set more realistic performance targets.

B have a good working relationship with staff in other departments.

C are provided with good opportunities for professional development.

D receive a remuneration package at top market rates.

18 According to the final paragraph, the UK skills base will be weakened by

A changes to managers' strategic thinking.

B insufficient responsibility being given to IT staff.

C the employment of IT staff with too little experience.

D the hiring of IT personnel from abroad.

《Problems in the IT industry》，IT行业的问题。IT行业的人才紧缺并且青黄不接，很多

公司只顾短期利益，不愿意投入时间和成本进行培训。并且由于待遇等问题，人员流失现象十分严重。

第十三题，问根据第一段，IT部门的成功取决于什么。答案是but后面的一句：but on how well they can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating the newest technology.取决于他们能

否留住精通于掌握最新技术的人。也就是A所说的，成功留住有技术的员工。

第十四题，问第二段提到的一个问题是什么。第二段这么说：A severe industry-wide lack

of investment in training means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking。一个严重的全行业范围的培训投入缺口意味着长期技术基础不仅老化而且紧缩。简单的说，就是人才短缺并且青黄不接。选B：有技术的IT人才未来会更少。Pool在这里是供应、聚集的意思。

a pool of skilled labour：supply, common supply, reserve。

第十五题，问对于第三段提到的IT行业的长期问题的可能的解决方法是什么。答案在

这里：This is the course of action recommended。所以弄明白这里的this is是指代什么，就找到了正确的答案，this is指代的内容在前面：they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training, or retraining existing staff from other functions.。他们开始对吸收的生手进行室内培训，或者是从其他功能上对现有的员工重新培训。简单概括，就是培训，无论是新来的还是老员工。答案选B：为新旧员工扩展公司的培训计划。

第十六题，问金融服务行业的一些企业，IT员工问题导致了什么。答案是第四段的这

么一句：While many companies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled IT staff 'golden handcuffs' - deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date这些公司怎么留住人才避免损失呢？提供“黄金手铐”——延期的忠诚分红将他们套到某一天。也就是说给这些员工的分红是延迟发放的。即A选项所说的：对有技术员工一段时期后的现金许诺。Deferred就是after a specified period of time。

第十七题，IT职业者更愿意待在现有的位置上，如果。。答案是第五段的最后一句：employers are realising that bonuses will only succeed if they are accompanied by other incentives

such as attractive career prospects, training, and challenging work that meets the individual's

long-term ambitions.这些分红只有同其他的动力相结合才能成功：有吸引力的职业前景，培训以及和个人长期目标相吻合的有挑战性的工作。也就是C段总结的：为职业发展提供良好的机会。

第十八题，问最后一段说，英国技术基础将被什么削弱。答案是最后一段的最后一句：opposition to the recruitment of IT people from other countries is growing, as many professionals believe it will lead to even less investment in training and thus a long-term weakening of the UK skills base.。从其他国家招IT人员的反对意见在上升，很多专家相信这会导致培训的减少并因此削弱长期的英国技术基础。即D段说的：从海外招聘IT人员。

Chairman's Report

I am pleased to report that, although we had been expecting poor results for this half year because of slow growth in the world economy, the company has performed very satisfactorily.Operating profits for this first half are in fact very much (19) with those for the corresponding (20) last year. Profits reached ￡l 15 million before tax, compared with ￡l 16.3 million last year. Much of our success in the last six months can be (21) to the fact that all our major construction projects remained on schedule. Particularly pleasing was the early (22)of a major building contract in Canada.

The company has made good progress with the initiatives announced at the Annual General Meeting. The majority of shareholders (23) the Board's decision to sell the company's

loss-making engineering (24). It was the Board's belief that the company would (25) most benefit by (26) its resources on the expansion of its construction activities. Negotiations with a potential buyer began in February and are now at a critical (27) However, we feel that we are not as yet in a (28) to comment on what the outcome is likely to be.

In June, we made a successful (29) for the Renishaw Construction Company of Hong Kong SAR, in order to give us greater (30) to markets in South East Asia. We still have sufficient resources to pursue our growth (31) and are at present (32) several other business opportunities which, like Renishaw Construction, would (33) new markets to us.

19 A in order B on track C in line D on target

20 A session B term C season D period

21 A attributed B referred C assigned D designated

22 A termination B ending C completion D finalising

23 A confirmed B maintained C agreed D supported

24 A portion B component C sector D division

25 A have B gain C find D earn

26 A focusing B directing C pointing D strengthening

27 A height B step C edge D stage

28 A condition B point C position D capacity

29 A request B price C demand D bid

30 A access B approach C admission D entrance

31 A strategy B process C promotion D system

32 A inquiring B deliberating C exploring D searching

33 A send B open C provide D give

文章是一篇报告，介绍了公司某段时间的发展状况，总体的势头是良好的，积极向上。

19和20题需要在一起考虑，从整体上把握句子的意思。in line with与···一致；on track ：

doing or saying things that are likely to be successful or correct步入正轨；on target（射击）准。20空选词关键要将空格前面的those for the corresponding和前面的for this first half对应，这里

空格填入的词要能和this first half相匹配，表示时间段，时期，所以是period。因为是半年，所以不选season。整个句子的意思是这半年的营业利润（operating profit）实际上是与去年同

期相一致的。

21题，attribute to，表原因，联系整个句子不难做出选择。designate是委任、指派

22题，意思是完成了一个主要的建筑合同，从一个pleasing可以看出感情基调，A和B

肯定不选，不是终止也不是结束，finalise最后定下来，定案。

23题，大部分股东都支持、赞同董事会的决定，选support，如果是agree的话后面需要with。

24题，董事会的决定是卖掉公司亏损的工程部。A、B首先排除，做完形填空最忌讳的

是把汉语思维和汉语含义带入英文语境中，有的时候宁可选自己从来没有见过的用法，也不要把从汉语意思出发强塞一个英文单词进去。sector是（尤指一国经济的）部门、行业，division 是（一个机构的）部门。

25和26题，句子的意思是公司将通过把资源集中在建筑活动的扩张上来获得大部分的

收益。25题的A和C容易排除，关键是看gain还是earn。earn是通过努力挣到一笔钱（to receive

a particular amount of money for the work that you do），gain是获得或者实现什么（to obtain or achieve something you want or need），因为是公司的战略，所以用gain更合适一些。

27题，at a critical stage，在一个关键的阶段。

28题，in a position to do sth.能够做某事。固定搭配

29题，成功招标，bid

30题，give us greater access to markets给我们更大的市场准入

31题，growth strategy，增长策略，追求我们的增长策略。

32题，探索更多的商业机会。inquire询问；deliberate仔细考虑，深思熟虑；

33题，为我们开放新的市场。provide后需要加with

1 This businessman has successfully targeted a different group of consumers.

2 With careful forward planning, this businessman is helping the company survive a difficult period.

3 The company is now more open to change because of this businessman's way of thinking.

4 This businessman has made and implemented certain decisions despite opposition to them.

5 This businessman has achieved some success by misleading people about his intentions.

6 The abilities of this businessman were previously doubted by the company that employs him.

7 This businessman is admired for his ability to manage a number of business interests.

'Businessman of the Year' Award

A James King: Chief Executive of Fentons Finance

King was nominated for the quality of his leadership, with the judges claiming that the Fentons Finance boss is almost revered by his team. He is credited with reinventing Fentons Finance - revitalising its culture of inflexibility, removing outdated pre-merger barriers and playing a brilliant tactical game. He led everyone to believe he was opposed to large mergers and then jumped on the Westcombe Bank opportunity at just the right moment. History will be the judge, but for now the markets consider King to be a star.

B Keith Nash: Chief Executive of Hamley's Supermarkets

Nash took over as CEO when Hamley's systems and distribution were out of date and the brand badly needed freshening up. He began refocusing the brand at the higher quality end of the food market and launched several own-brand initiatives for the health conscious. As a result, the share price has gone up nearly 80 per cent. This should be extremely satisfying for Nash, who had left the retailer in 1986, disappointed after failing to secure the top job.

C Jorge Marquez: Chairman of the Kenwick Group

Marquez was a popular choice for his achievements at Kenwick. The judges say he has been courageous in pushing through the appointment of controversial or inexperienced chief executives to companies within the group, and then sponsoring them as they transformed their businesses. He operates as a 'virtual' chairman, without a permanent office in any one company. He phones his CEOs regularly, and several of them have acknowledged the vital contribution he makes to their effectiveness. Everyone is impressed at how he also finds the time to be chairman of two other large companies.

D Richard Jenkins: Finance Director of Centron Advertising

Labouring in the shadow of a high-profile boss can sometimes draw attention away from the finance director, and the judges considered it was high time Jenkins got that attention. The CEO may be the public face of Centron, but Jenkins is the one who makes it run smoothly. Behind the scenes, he is constantly demonstrating that budgets and forecasts are what is needed to make a company successful, particularly now that the advertising market has been hit by recession. It is largely thanks to him that Centron is in much better shape than its rivals.

《‘Businessman of the Year' Award》年度企业家奖。分别介绍了这个奖项的四个候选人的

英雄事迹。

第一题，这个企业家成功的定位了不同的消费群体。答案在B段：He began refocusing the brand at the higher quality end of the food market and launched several own-brand initiatives for the health conscious。他开始将品牌定位在高质量的食品市场并且发起了几项注重健康的自主品牌的运动。Health conscious是指注重健康的。一个是高质量的食品市场，一个是注重健康的，联合起来，就是瞄准了不同的消费市场，即不同的消费群体。

第二题，通过小心的前进计划，这个企业家帮助公司度过了一个困难时期。答案是D

段的这么一句：budgets and forecasts are what is needed to make a company successful, particularly now that the advertising market has been hit by recession.。预算和预告正是使得公司可以成功的，尤其当现在整个广告市场被衰退袭击的时候。Budgets and forecast就是题干中说的careful forward planning，successful对应于survive，a different period对应于the market has been hit by recession。

第三题，因为这个企业家的思维方式，公司对待变化更加开明了。答案是A段的这么

一句：He is credited with reinventing Fentons Finance - revitalising its culture of inflexibility。他以重塑了Fentons Finance而受到嘉奖——给了固定守旧的文化以新的生命。more open to change就可以对应于revitalising its culture of inflexibility。revitalising是give new life to的意思。

第四题，尽管有反对意见，这个企业家还是制定并执行了某些决定。答案是C段的这

么一句：he has been courageous in pushing through the appointment of controversial or inexperienced chief executives to companies within the group在推动某些争议性的或者是经验不足的执行官的任命时他很有勇气。从controversial和courageous可以看出来，这些任命时不完全被接受的，有反对意见（opposition），但他还是坚持了。

第五题，这个企业家通过让人们误会自己的意图而取得某些成功。答案是A段的这么

一句：He led everyone to believe he was opposed to large mergers and then jumped on the Westcombe Bank opportunity at just the right moment他让所有人相信他是反对大的并购的，然后在最佳时期跳上Westcombe银行的机会（即收购了这个银行）。let everyone believe，也就是misleading people about his intentions。

第六题，这个企业家的能力最初在雇佣他的公司里受到了怀疑。答案是B段最后一句，

稍微隐晦点：This should be extremely satisfying for Nash, who had left the retailer in 1986, disappointed after failing to secure the top job.因为无法得到高层的职位而失望离开，结果因为他的决策，公司股价上升了，让他很满足。意思就是本来以这个人的能力是可以胜任高层的工作的，但是他却没有得到。

第七题，这个企业家因为处理一些商业利益的能力而受到仰慕。答案在C段。C段最

后说这个人在不同的公司担任要职（be chairman），不同的公司会有商业利益的冲突，而他却能好好处理（manage），所以答案选C。

BEC中级真题3答案和听力原文

真题3阅读和写作答案 VANTAGE3 KEY TO READING & WRITING TEST 1 Reading Part 1 1 B 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C 7 A Part 2 8 B 9 A 10F 11 D 12 E Part 3 13 A 14 B 15 C 16 B 17 A 18 D Part 4 19 A 20 C 21 D 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 B 26 D 27 C 28 D 29 C 30 A 31 B 32 D 33 C Part 5 34 WITH 35 CORRECT 36 TO 37 CORRECT 38 SO 39 THESE 40 ABOUT 41 ALTHOUGH 42 HA VING 43 CORRECT 44 TOO 45 THAT Writing Part 1 From: Petar Koev T o: All Staff Date: 27 March 2004 Subject: Computer System I want to inform you that the computer system will be closed next Wednesday at 12 o'clock. The system will be down for at least two hours, please make sure that you have saved all your work. The whole system will ran on a new server which is faster. Thank vou. Band 5

bec中级第三辑真题详解test2

T est2 Part one： 《Successful Time Management》，成功的时间管理。文章针对怎么利用时间、提高工作效率提出了一些建议。 第一题，为了完成好一个任务，没有必要处理每一个细节。答案是C段的最后一句话，而且这句话同时是第一题和第四题的答案所在：Unless you have spare time, do not spend extra hours on an activity in an effort to cover absolutely everything.除非你有空闲的时间，否则不要在一件事情上花费额外的时间去努力涉及到所有事情。cover absolutely everything可以对应于deal with every detail。 第二题，如果你有很多要做的，也许需要拒绝以后的工作。答案是B段的最后一句，有点绕：This may require you to be firm and avoid agreeing to more than is realistic.这需要你变得坚定，避免答应超出现实的工作。more than is realistic，也就是眼前无法完成的工作，即work in the future。 第三题，任何计划行为都需要建立在一个有规律的基础上。答案在A段。A段整个就是讲的计划的重要性，有计划，才能合理安排时间。中间说有人喜欢在每天开始的时候计划，有人喜欢在结束前。答案是这么一句：you may need to experiment to find what suits you best-find some way of fitting the activity into your schedule.你必须去试验寻找到最适合你的——寻找将这个活动融入到你的时间表的某种方法。要让计划融入进你的时间表，也就是说计划要成为你的日程的固定部分，即题目说的take place on a regular basis。 第四题，在第一题已经说了，C段的最后一句，extra hours可以对应于additional time。 第五题，可能有些例行的任务不需要被执行。答案是D段的第一句：If your review of a period of time shows that you are spending time on things that are not really necessary or important, then think hard about whether you can afford this time如果回顾某段时间发现你在一些并不是真正必要或者重要的事情上花费了时间，那么你需要仔细考虑这次你是否花的起。言下之意，有些things that are not really necessary or important（some routine tasks）可以不必花时间做(do not need to be carried out)。 第六题，如果你觉得自己工作负担过重，那么查明原因很重要。答案是B段的这么一句： This is not a crime, but you must examine the reasons for such a situation and then plan a course of action。examine the reasons可以对应于identify the cause。 第七题，各个等级的人都会进行浪费时间的活动。答案在D段，需要提炼。D段整个讲的都是不要把时间浪费在不必要的事情上。前面说不要干一些routine task，后面说顶端的经理们也会误用他们的努力。最后一段盘点了很多人，前面的many people，后面的even top manager，和在一起就是题目说的people at all levels。不管是routine task，还是misdirecting their efforts，都是time-wasting activities。 Part two： 《Staff appraisals》，员工评估。很多公司的员工和经理都害怕评估，但是好的评估可以增进员工的忠诚度和满意感，给公司带来益处。

BEC中级真题第三辑阅读及答案解析版

TEST1 PART ONE B 1 It would be advisable for Flacks to consult customers before developing a new product. D 2 Producing goods for specialist markets might increase Flacks' profits. C 3 Flacks may need to change the function of one of its facilities. A 4 Flacks should utilise its current expertise to enter a different market. B 5 Flacks may need to consider closing its current production facility. C 6 Flacks should develop the connections it has established with leading retailers. A 7 Expanding the product range would not be a problem for the workforce. Flacks is a UK-based company that produces fashion accessories for women. How can it continue to grow its business? A Susan Falmer Faced with a shrinking market, cheap imports and competitive pricing, Flacks will have to work hard to increase its margins. They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts. They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride. Also, they wouldn't need to re-equip their factory and could use non-UK sourcing if facilities here are in short supply. B Mesut Guzel They have the fundamentals of a survival strategy in a market where outsourced manufacture and brand differentiation hold the key to success. I think they should initially locate some of their production in another country, where manufacturing quality tends to be better and it is easier to meet changing customer demands. But they should also regularly monitor production in Britain and think about outsourcing all this work abroad at some point if they need it done faster. The company should continue to work on innovative products, and thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received. C Gary Wilmot In order to beat their rivals in a highly competitive market, Flacks should ensure their products are attractive and build on their relationships with the big stores rather than trying to go it alone and market directly. They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products. They could eventually build more production overseas in a cycle of continuous development. D Michal Kaminski The demand for fashion accessories is relatively flat and the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins. But even within these, Flacks must distinguish its goods from those of its rivals in terms of quality, performance and design. Innovative sales, marketing and PR are vital to exploit these niche products. One competitive advantage that Flacks does have is production times. Many retail chains now have two-tier supply chains and Flacks could focus on top-up orders. They might also investigate other sales channels such as mail order. 这篇文章是关于一个女性时尚饰品公司——Flacks的发展战略问题，四个专家给出了自 己的建议。这套题目的答案稍微有些隐晦。 第一题，说在开发新产品前咨询客户的意见对于Flacks来讲是很明智的。答案是B段 的最后一句：thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.彻底的市场调查能够确保新的思想很好的被接受。Market research，市场调查，在很大程度上就

BEC中级真题第三辑TEST2kj140219154154

BEC 中级第三辑Test 2 READING 1 hour PART ON E Questions 1-7 ●Look at the s t a t emen t s below and the text about time mana g emen t on the opposite page. ●Which section (A, B, C or D) does each s t a t emen t(1-7) refer to? ●For each s t a t emen t(1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet. ●You will need to use some of these le tt er s more t han once. 1 In order to c omple t e a t a sk well, it may not be necessary to deal with every detail. 2 lf you have too much to do, you may need to turn down work in the future. 3 Any planning activity needs to t ake place on a regular ba si s. 4 You should avoid giving additional time to a particular task. 5 It is possible that some routine t a sk s do not need to be carried out. 6 lf you are overloaded with work, it is important to identify the cause. 7 People at all levels perform t ime-w a s ting act ivi tie s. Successful Time Mana g eme n t

bec中级第三辑真题详解test1

第三辑 Test1 Part one 这篇文章是关于一个女性时尚饰品公司——Flacks的发展战略问题，四个专家给出了自己的建议。这套题目的答案稍微有些隐晦。 第一题，说在开发新产品前咨询客户的意见对于Flacks来讲是很明智的。答案是B段的最后一句：thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received.彻底的市场调查能够确保新的思想很好的被接受。Market research，市场调查，在很大程度上就是咨询客户的意见（consult customers），any new ideas可以对应于developing a new product,能够well received，那么对于公司来讲当然就是advisable了。选B。 第二题，说为专业市场生产产品可以增加利润。答案是D段的这么一句：the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins这题关键是要理解一个市场的含义：niche market。看英英解释：a small area of trade within the economy, often involving specialized products。improve its margins也就是increase profits，选D。 第三题，说Flacks可能需要改变它的一个设备的功能。这里答案不是太明显，是C段的这么一句：They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products。他们也需要考虑通过利用英国工厂生产高规格产品来调整生产焦点。也就是说，英国工厂原来不是生产高规格产品的，即题目说的改变它的一个设备的功能。第四题，说Flacks可以利用现有的技能来进入一个新的市场。答案是A段的这么一句：They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts。他们需要进入一个更有发展前景的市场，一个需求增长并且公司可以利用现有技能和合同的市场。exploit existing skills也就是utilise its current expertise。 第五题，说Flacks可以考虑关闭现有的生产设备。这题也有些隐晦，答案是这么一句：think about outsourcing all this work abroad。关键就在于outsource这个词的意思：turn to outside suppliers or manufacturers外购。既然是要考虑outsource——turn to outside manufactures，那么也就是可以考虑关闭自己的生产设备了。选B。 第六题，说Flacks应该考虑发展同领先的连锁商已经建立起来的关系。答案在C段：build on their relationships with the big stores发展他们同大商店的关系。 第七题，说扩展产品范围对劳动力来讲不是问题。答案在A段：They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride.他们可以考虑品牌扩张——这不是一个巨大的跳跃，在销售力量的步调范围之内。言下之意，不是问题。选A。 Part two： 《Evaluating the performance of the board》，评估董事局的表现。众所周知一个公司里面是经常对员工的表现进行评估的，那么谁又来评估董事局的表现呢？这篇文章讲了对董事局表现进行评估的重要性和一些方法。 第八题，前面说对董事局的表现进行评估是很重要的。空格后面的句子中有another reason，可见这个第八空应该填入对董事局表现进行评估原因的句子。B符合这一特点，为什么要进行评估，因为“如果决策层是公司唯一逃避评估的成员的话，其他的员工会视之为不公平。”第九题，前面说小公司会发现这种评估过程更容易操作。空格后面一个however，说大公司的决策层会认为评估是对他们地位的一种挑战。可见这个空格应该填入表示小公司愿意接受评估的句子。A符合这一特点：通常这些公司的决策层会很乐意接受批评，因为这可以防止

bec中级第三辑真题详解test4

Test4 Part one 四个专家分别对一个度假公司的发展给出了自己的意见。怎么锁定目标客户，怎么定价，怎么打折，都是一门学问。题目信息稍微有些隐晦。话说这个BEC阅读的第一部分，普遍难度不是很大，可个别题目一旦含蓄起来，也是很难在文章中找到答案的影子的。 第一题，通过将同样的假日出售给不同收入层次的客户是有风险的。这题的答案够隐晦的，而且不是特别的对应。答案是B段开头的一段话。说该不该将多余的假期打折，是一个有争议的点。这样会导致一些注重预算的人被放在了SunTours’的一些更富裕的客户旁边，从而将品牌给毁了。注重预算的（budget-conscious）和更富裕的（more affluent customers）是两种不同的收入人群，也就是different income brackets，damaging the brand，毁坏了品牌，言下之意，这么做是有风险的，即runs a risk。 第二题，说值得提供打折假期来增加预定的数量。答案是A段的这么一句：Towards the end of the season, reducing the cost of holidays would attract last-minute customers, thus avoiding any possible loss on unfilled accommodation and flights。减少假日的开销可以吸引最后的客户，从而避免空余的住宿和飞行带来的损失。Unfilled accommodation，没有被预定的住宿，对应于题目中的booking。 第三题，如果想要增加回头客，SunTours需要反思它的市场策略。答案在D段，需要提炼：the company should consider that brochure mailings。They encourage summer tourists to take another break and can even be used to send a thank-you letter to returning customers.先说公司应该考虑邮寄宣传册，接着说他们可以鼓励暑假的游客去休另一个假期甚至可以用来给回头客发送感谢信。后面的句子整个说的就是如何boost repeat customer，前面的consider brochure mailings是具体说明如何思考市场策略（reflect on marketing methods） 第四题，说卖其他开发者忽略的地方的假期将会是一个不错的点子。答案是B段的这么一句：SunTours is planning to sell higher-margin holidays to previously 'unmarketed' destinations for which demand is greater than supply。计划出售先前没被开发的地方的更高利润的假期，在那里供不应求。Unmarketed destination也就是other promoters have ignored。在供不应求的地方做生意，但是是a good idea。 第五题，过去SunTours曾采取过一些不利的方法。答案是C段的这么一句：SunTours would then be able to change direction when things go wrong, as they inevitably do from time to time.事情做错了的时候就可以转变方向，正如它们有时不可避免的所做的一样。也就是说，过去曾做错过决定，也就是disadvantage。

BEC中级真题解析_第三辑T3P4

Who Benefits Most from Company Training? According to recent research, the better educated and the higher up the socio?economic scale you are, the more likely you are to be offered workplace training. And, incidentally, the more likely you are to then turn (19) the offer, pleading family and personal commitments or (20) of work. Less qualified staff, on the other hand, are offered fewer training opportunities, but are more eager to (21) them up. In fact, people with few or no educational qualifications are three times more likely to accept training when it is offered. In the majority of companies, more (22) are allocated to management training than to other areas. Employers (23) their better qualified staff as more important to the business, so they pay them accordingly and invest more in them in (24) of training. This is (25) by the fact that organisations are dependent on properly (26) managers making the right decisions. But this (27) may mean that companies are (28) other parts of the workforce down. The researchers found a growing demand for training among the lower-skilled.Unfortunately this demand is not being (29)by employers, even though there are strong indications that companies would benefit from doing so. They also discovered that, despite the substantial (30) between the training provided for managers and that offered to other staff, there was still widespread endorsement of training. For the purposes of the research, training was defined as any (31) of planned instruction or tuition provided by an employer with the aim of helping employees do their work better. It therefore included a wide variety of approaches. On-the-job and classroom training (32) to be used equally by employers. But learning on the job, which involved observing a certain procedure and then practising it, was easily the most popular method for all categories of employee. While many felt that learning from colleagues was best,very few (33) the internet as an effective way to train. 19 A back B over C down D off 20 A force B pressure C strain D load 21 A pick B keep C take D put 22 A means B reserves C finances D resources 23 A imagine B regard C suppose D know 24 A requirements B specifications C states D terms 25 A allowed B approved C justified D accepted 26 A understanding B intelligent C informed D knowledgeable 27 A stress B emphasis C weight D strength breaking D setting 28 A letting B cutting C 29 A reached B achieved C gained D met 30 A space B gap C hole D room 31 A frame B structure C form D order 32 A showed B appeared C demonstrated D presented 33 A rated B thought C marked D believed https://www.wendangku.net/doc/1317809198.html,/forum-90-1.html

BEC中级真题集第3辑

第3辑阅读【TEXT 1】 『part 1』 1 It would be advisable for Flacks to consult customers before developing a new product. 2 Producing goods for specialist markets might increase Flacks' profits. 3 Flacks may need to change the function of one of its facilities. 4 Flacks should utilise its current expertise to enter a different market. 5 Flacks may need to consider closing its current production facility. 6 Flacks should develop the connections it has established with leading retailers. 7 Expanding the product range would not be a problem for the workforce. Flacks is a UK-based company that produces fashion accessories for women. How can it continue to grow its business? A Susan Falmer Faced with a shrinking market, cheap imports and competitive pricing, Flacks will have to work hard to increase its margins. They need to move into a more promising market, one where demand is growing and where the company can exploit existing skills and contacts. They could think about brand extension - this would not be a giant leap and the sales force would take it in its stride. Also, they wouldn't need to re-equip their factory and could use non-UK sourcing if facilities here are in short supply. B Mesut Guzel They have the fundamentals of a survival strategy in a market where outsourced manufacture and brand differentiation hold the key to success. I think they should initially locate some of their production in another country, where manufacturing quality tends to be better and it is easier to meet changing customer demands. But they should also regularly monitor production in Britain and think about outsourcing all this work abroad at some point if they need it done faster. The company should continue to work on innovative products, and thorough market research will help to ensure any new ideas are well received. C Gary Wilmot In order to beat their rivals in a highly competitive market, Flacks should ensure their products are attractive and build on their relationships with the big stores rather than trying to go it alone and market directly. They should also consider refocusing production by using their UK factory for high-specification products. They could eventually build more production overseas in a cycle of continuous development. D Michal Kaminski The demand for fashion accessories is relatively flat and the company should consider exploiting niche markets to improve its margins. But even within these, Flacks must distinguish its goods from those of its rivals in terms of quality, performance and design. Innovative sales, marketing and PR are vital to exploit these niche products. One competitive advantage that Flacks does have is production times. Many retail chains now have two-tier supply chains and Flacks could focus on top-up orders. They might also investigate other sales channels such as mail order.

“历年BEC中级真题阅读精讲”系列之四十六：第三辑T2P1 成功的时间管理

人邮第三辑真题TEST 2 READING PART 1 1 In order to complete a task well, it may not be necessary to deal with every detail. 2 If you have too much to do, you may need to turn down work in the future. 3 Any planning activity needs to take place on a regular basis. 4 You should avoid giving additional time to a particular task. 5 It is possible that some routine tasks do not need to be carried out. 6 If you are overloaded with work, it is important to identify the cause. 7 People at all levels perform time-wasting activities. Successful Time Management A The secret of avoiding work pressure is thinking ahead. Every day you need to review your progress towards objectives and decide how you can best use the time available to make further progress. You may find this is best done at the start of your working day but some people prefer to have a planning session just before they finish. Whichever you select - and you may need to experiment to find what suits you best-find some way of fitting the activity into your schedule. Never say, 'I don't have time to plan today'. B Managers at all levels occasionally find they have taken on more than they can cope with. This is not a crime, but you must examine the reasons for such a situation and then plan a course of action. Until the problem is resolved, most of your time and energy will go into worrying about the situation and you will feel unmotivated. Think too about how to prevent it happening again. This may require you to be firm and avoid agreeing to more than is realistic. C If a review of your working practices shows that you are too much of a perfectionist, do something about this. Modern definitions of quality refer to Witness for purpose'. If you bear this in mind, you may find it easier to persuade yourself to settle for an acceptable level of quality rather than perfection. When thinking about objectives and planning how to achieve them, consider how

“历年BEC中级真题阅读精讲”系列之五十七：第三辑T4P2 人力资源管理

人邮第三辑真题TEST 4 READING PART 2 Human resource management It is nearly a century since the car manufacturer Henry Ford said, 'You can destroy my factories and offices, but give me my people and I will build the business right back up again.'(0) .....G..... But a few business theorists are beginning to argue that managing people well can add more to the bottom line than anything else. Mike Manzotti, a leading American author in this area, has strong views about the growing importance of human resources in today's business world. (8) .............. A company with high staff commitment, for example, has an asset that its rivals find hard to copy. Research in Britain would appear to support this notion. A recent business school survey into the performance of eight multinationals found that people management could be the most decisive factor in a company's performance. Another study indicated the same thing in medium-sized manufacturing firms. (9) .............. After all, how can an organisation evaluate the commitment of its staff? For this reason, the researcher George Hessenberg argues that a scientific approach is needed. He feels that when HR professionals suggest changing an organisation's compensation structure or being more selective in recruiting, they are asking for things that require resources. (10)............ Some new approaches are emerging that attempt to do just that, including the scheme devised by consultants Couze Jordan. The scheme, which covers communication, recruitment, and use of resources, predicts that significant improvements in these areas achieve an increase in shareholder value of up to 30 per cent. Another programme, launched by James Lester, an independent human resources expert, approaches the problem from a perspective that is designed to appeal to a wide range of managers. (11)..............Both, he argues, involve appropriate decisions being made about the allocation of resources within a particular budget. Lester's expertise enables him to carry out an organisational audit for his clients to identify which areas of HR are in most need of improvement. This is because there is no point in businesses spending large amounts without knowing if the investment is worthwhile. (12) ............. Lester's advice, however, is for companies to think twice before hiring people, since it is vital they assess whether they are getting value for money. A But the findings are inconclusive because of the difficulty of collecting reliable evidence. B He argues that the role of a skilled, motivated and flexible workforce has become more significant as traditional sources of competitive advantage diminish.