2016年物理专业英语试卷A卷

一.Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)(共10分，每题1分)

1. the resultant of forces ：

2. a point particle:

3. kinetic energy:

4. satistical phsics:

5. inelastic collision :

6. relative molecular mass:

7.quasistatic process : 8. parameters of state : 9. magnetic induction strength: 10. relaxation time : 二.Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English (根据

汉语写出相应的英语。) (共10分，每题1分)

1.热力学：

2.参考系：

3.法向加速度：

4.平均距离：

5.连续量：

6.非保守力：

7.光程差：

8.理论力学：

9.干涉： 10.弛豫过程：

三. Match the following words and expressions in the left

column with those similar in meaning in the right

column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配) (共10分，每题1分)。 1.axial symmetry: a.折射率 2. momentum conservation: b.轴对称

3. electric potential energy: c.相位差

4. the principal axes of inertia: d.比热容

5. center of mass: e.主惯性轴

6.refractive index: f. 电势能

7. specific heat capacity :

g.磁针 8. phase difference :

h.动量守恒 9.electrostatic field:

i.

质心 10.magnetic pointer: k.静电场 Answers （答案）：

四.Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions

from the list given below, and change the form where

necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）(10分, 每空2分)

The potential of the field produced by a system of charges equals the algebraic sum of the potentials produced by each of the charges . .Whereas the field strengths are added in the superposition of the field, the potentials are added . This is why it is usually much to calculate the potential than the electic field strengths.

The work on a charge by the forces of a field equals the of the magnitude of charge and the difference between the potentails at the initial and final points.

五.Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or

false(F) according to the passage.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）

The object of the molecular-kinetic theory is to interpret the properties of bodies that are directly observed in experimental (pressure, temperature, etc.) as the summary result of the action of molecules. It uses the satistical method and is interested not in the motion of separate molecules, but only in average quantities characterizing the motion of an enormous combination of particles.

Thermodynamics also studies various properties of bodies and changes in the state of a substance. Unlike the moleculars-kinetic theroy, however, thermodynamics studies macroscopic properties of bodies and natural phenomena without being interested in their microscopic picture. Thermodynamics permits us to arrive at a considerate number of

conclusions on how processes go on without taking molecules and atoms into consideration and without treating the processes from a microscopic stand-point. Therodynamics is founded on several fundmental laws established as a result of generalizing a large amount of experimental facts.Consequently, the conclusions of the thermodynamics have a very general nature.

1.The object of the molecular-kinetic theory is to explain the performance of bodies as the summary result of the action of molecules. ( )

2. the molecular-kinetic theory studies the motion of separate molecules. ( )

3. Therodynamics is based on a large amount of experimental facts. ( )

4. Statistical physics is a macroscopical theroy, while thermodynamics is a microcosmic theroy ( )

5. The conclusions of the thermodynamics have the nature of generalization. ( )

六.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列

句子翻译成汉语。）（共25分，每题5分）

1.The vector E at every point is directed along a normal to the equipotential surface passing through the given point.

2. When the acceleration of a particle is constant in magnitude and is directed at each moment of the time at right angles to the velocity vector, the trajectory of the particle will be a circle.

3. The work of the resulant of all the forces acting on a particle produces an increment of the particle’s kinetic energy.

4.The increment of the internal energy of system must equal the sum of the work

done on the system and the amount of heat imparted to it.

5. The electric field strength numerically equals the force acting on unit charge at the given point of the field.

七.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（将下

段文章翻译成汉语。）（共10+15=25分）

1. Thermodynamics also studies various properties of bodies and changes in the state of a sunstance. Unlike the moleculars-kinetic theroy, however, thermodynamics studies macroscopic properties of bodies and natural phenomena without being interested in their microscopic picture. Therodynamics is founded on several fundmental laws established as a result of generalizing a large amount of experimental facts.Consequently, the conclusions of the thermodynamics have a very general nature.

2.The E lines of a point charge field are a collection of radial straight lines directed away from the charge if it is positive and toward it if it is negative. One end of each line is at the charge, and the other extends to infinity. Indeed, the total number of lines intersecting a spherical surface of arbitary radius r will equal the product of the density of

the lines and the surface area of the sphere 2

4r

π. We have assumed that the density of

the lines numerically equals ()()2

14

E q r

πε

=. Hence, the number of lines is 0

qε.This result signifies that the number of lines at any distance from a charge will be the same.

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