测控专业英语论文
主要内容：
测控技术与仪器专业属于仪器仪表类专业，现代测控依靠智能仪器仪表，智能仪器也是现代工业生产中运用的一种现代化测量控制仪器。本文主要简单介绍了什么是智能仪器以及其发展状况和特点。最后说明了随着计算机技术和微电子技术的进一步发展，智能仪器将会向微型化，多功能，人工智能化，网络化方向发展。本文简单介绍了什么是智能仪器的人工智能化，什么是智能仪器的网络化。虚拟仪器是智能仪器发展的新的阶段。
Development of intelligent instrument
Measurement and control technology and instrument specialty is the acquisition and processing of information, as well as to the related theory and technology factor model control.with the continuous development of computer technology and microelectronics technology, has now been mature application in measurement and control system, the typical representative of intelligent instrument is the application.
Intelligent instrument is a measuring instrument with microcomputer ormicro processor ,has small volume, strong function, low power consumption.In 80 the microprocessor is applied to together, instrument front panel began to develop in the direction of the keyboard, the measurement system is often connected by a bus.In intelligent instrument outstanding performance in the following areas: advances in microelectronics and more profound impact on instrument design; the DSP chip is published, the instrument digital signal processing functions greatly enhanced; the development of the microcomputer, the instrument has the stronger ability of data processing; image processing function is increasing common VXI bus is widely used.The emergence of intelligent instrument to improve the measuring precision of the instruments, which greatly facilitates the maintenance of equipment.In recent years, digital self-tuning regulator development of intelligent measurement and control instrumentation such as American rapidly American production company FOXBORO, which combines expert system technologies,can be like control engineer experienced that, according to the scene quickly tuning parameters.This control system is especially suitable for the regulator object changes frequently or nonlinear. Because of this regulator can automatically tuning control parameters, which can make the whole system to always maintain the best state in the process of production.
With the continuous development of computer technology and microelectronics technology, intelligent instrument in future will be towards miniaturization, multifunction, artificial intelligence, networking. Artificial intelligence is a new field of computer application, using computer to simulate human intelligence, for each robot, medical diagnosis, expert system, reasoning and proof.The further development of intelligent instrument will contain a certain artificial intelligence, namely, to replace part of mental labor, which has certain ability in the visual, hearing, thinking and so on. Thus, the intelligent instrument without human intervention and independently to complete the detection or control function.The further development of intelligent instrument will contain a certain artificial intelligence, namely, to replace part of mental labor, which has certain ability in the visual, hearing, thinking and so on.
In future, virtual instrument is a new stage of the development of intelligent instrument. 测控1601 35
无机非金属材料英语论文翻译
Henan University of Urban Construction 《无机材料专业英语》 课程设计 专业：无机非金属工程 班级：0134091 学号：013409128 姓名: 王峰 指导老师：徐开东 成绩： 土木与材料工程系 2012年05月
有关碱土氧化物对相的形成和莫来石 陶瓷的形态发展的研究 摘要：将对莫来石（3Al2O3·2SiO2）相的形成和陶瓷形态发展有影响的包括氧化镁，氧化钙，氧化锶，氧化钡在内的碱土氧化物和活性炭组成的混合物，经高能球磨后，进行研究。不同的碱土氧化物表现出对莫来石化行为和形态/莫来石陶瓷的微观结构发展有不同影响。莫来石化的温度随着氧化镁和氧化钡的比例的增大而升高。莫来石晶须的形成和发展与氧化镁的掺量有关，而与氧化锶、氧化钡和氧化钙的的掺量有关的正常形状的颗粒相比更好一点。这两种莫来石的形成温度和形态发展都是根据碱土氧化物的种类来定的，并对莫来石化机制和溶解沉淀方面进行了解释。 关键词：莫来石 .碱土氧化物各向异性晶粒的生长莫来石化 1 前言 许多先进的技术和莫来石（3Al2O3.2SiO2）的热学性能使它成为一种很有前途的工程材料，莫来石粉体材料通常是通过氧化物之间的固态反应制得的。由于在莫来石晶格内SI4+和Al3 +上网相互扩散率比较低，莫来石化动力学性能又是由其混合物的早期强烈的反应引起的。因此，能与Al2O3和SiO2（石英）发生固态反应的莫来石相形成温度可以高达1600摄氏度 。不同的种类可以降低莫来石相形成温度。例如，使用α-氧化铝与二氧化硅形成的无定形颗粒溶胶，可以使莫来石的形成温度降到1400-1500摄氏度。如果使用纳米级γ-Al2O3颗粒，莫来石化的温度可进一步降低1300摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程是降低莫来石形成温度的另一种方式。在此过程中，前期是在原子水平上的混合，使莫来石的形成可以大大增强。莫来石化的温度通常是900-1200摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程的缺点，也就是涂料的方法，包括复杂的实验过程，昂贵的化学用品的和较低的生产量。这些缺点的改变将是促进莫来石陶瓷替代普通工艺的有效途径。 高能球磨的目的是使金属氧化复合材料分散均匀，随后进行机械合金化，这种机械现已被应用到陶瓷材料的制备中，有些化合物可以直接通过高能球磨合成。例如，锆钛酸铅在一定时间内可以由氧化钛、氧化铅、氧化锆经高能球磨机研磨制的，快慢取决于研磨介质和铣削参数。而其他材料，如钛酸钡和镁铝尖晶石在用高能球磨机研磨之前需要进行低温处理，对这些材料进行前期研磨可以增强相的形成能力，并且在球磨或在冷却处理过程中都会有直接的反应。 我们本来打算采用高能球磨机来实现莫来石陶瓷的低温制造，然而，通过高能量球磨机得不到致密的莫来石陶瓷，反而得到了莫来石晶须。另外我们还发现，加入其他氧化物可以改变莫来石化行为和莫来石的尺寸，许多种氧化物我们都已经研究过了，而在最近的研究中，我们主要是通过高能球磨机来研究碱土氧化物对莫来石化行为和形态/微观发展氧化铝石英混合物的影响。这是很有意义的，最终发现莫来石晶须只在有氧化镁的情况下生成，而在氧化钙，氧化锆和氧化钡存在的情况下可以得到各向异性不明显的致密莫来石陶瓷。这些观点可以通过溶解- 沉淀机制来解释。 2 实验 市售二氧化硅（石英，99+％纯度，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化铝（纯度大于99％，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化镁，氧化钙，碳酸锶，碳酸钡粉末被用作初始原料,混合组成（3Al2O3·2SiO2）0.9（MO）0.1（M：镁，钙，锶，钡）。“这种粉
土木工程专业英语论文.doc
Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Abstract The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword: Concrete crack prevention processing Foreword Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality.The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and
土木工程专业英语结课论文
2012级土木工程（本）专业《土木工程英语》课程论文 论文题目：高层建筑防火的研究 Research of high-rise building fire prevention 专业班级： 学生姓名： 学号： 论文成绩： 评阅教师： 2015年11 月14 日
（一） 基于性能化防火设计方法的商业综合体典型空间防火优化设计研究 正文：改革开放以来，我国市场经济蓬勃发展，各种类型的商业建筑如雨后春笋般涌现。然而人们在享受高效便捷的购物消费和休闲娱乐的同时，商业综合体及其建筑群的巨大规模、多样功能、众多人数、复杂流线、与城市多层面多点衔接等特点，极大程度地增大了灾害风险，特别是城市和建筑中最易发生的灾种——火灾的风险。传统的建筑防火设计以“条文式”的防火规范为依据，无法满足部分现代商业综合体迅速发展的设计需要，当因结构、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求，出现现行国家消防技术规范中未明确规定的、现行国家消防技术规范规定的条件不适用的、依照国家消防技术规范进行设计确有困难的情况时，将采取针对性更强、更加先进、经济、合理、有效的性能化防火措施进行建筑和规划设计。与此同时，性能化防火设计方法以其在火灾场景和人员疏散模拟等方面的突出优势，也将被更多地运用于优化“条文式”防火设计规范框架内的规划与建筑方案设计。可见研究大型商业综合体的性能化防火设计措施，并利用性能化防火设计的方法调整优化规划与建筑设计以避免和减轻火灾危害是亟待解决的重要课题。本论文共分为十章，分别介绍了课题的研究背景与意义，国内外商业综合体性能化防火的研究现状，要素构成及火灾危险性，建筑的火灾机理与性能化防火设计参数，五大类商业综合体典型空间的防火优化措施，最后提出结论与展望。本文的核心研究内容是结合商业综合体空间要素构成特征的火灾特点以及建筑防火设计中的三个重要指标（防火分区、疏散距离、疏散宽度），提炼五大类商业综合体的典型空间，即密集空间、竖向贯通空间、超大水平开敞空间、狭长通道空间和地下空间，以建筑学和城市规划学的视角，一方面运用计算机技术，对“超规范”的设计方案进行性能化防火设计安全评价，另一方面对条文式规范框架内的设计方法进行优化。性能化防火策略作为消防设计乃至贯穿整个建筑、规划设计全过程的设计思路，已初步为我们展现出应用领域的美好前景，本文旨在进一步完善和发展以数字技术为基础的性能化防火设计方法，为建筑和城市减灾防灾目标的实现提供更有力的保障。
工商管理专业毕业论文英语版
工商管理的毕业生，通常来讲毕业的岗位比较多，有人说工商管理专业是个万斤 油专业，什么都能干，那就意味着什么都不能干。但是我校的特色是与工程相结合， 因此我校的工商管理专业相对其他专业肯定会有一定的优势。因此，孕育出工商管理 的一个岗位，就是房地产工作岗位。 与其他的学校相比，我们专业会学习一点与建筑相关的知识，可以为将来工作打 下一定的基础，这将是我们学校的优势。就业后主要是从事房地产销售与推广、市场 调查、物业管理、策划等相关工作。 待遇方面应该不太好，毕竟是刚开始工作，但是如果是从事售方面的工作的话， 这个就很难说了，因为销售的行业可以提成的，那个的会有很多的，上升空间因人而 异。 Graduates in business administration, usually graduate jobs is more, some people say that business management specialty is a ten thousand jins of oil, what can do, that means can't do anything. But our specialty is combined with a project, so our business management relative to other professional will have certain advantages. Therefore, a job in business administration, is real estate work. Compared with other schools, we will learn a little construction related professional knowledge, can work to lay a certain foundation for the future, this will be the advantage of our school. If employment after engaged in real estate sales and promotion, market research, property management, planning and other related work. Benefits should be not too good, after all is just begin to work, but if is engaged in the sale work, this is hard to say, the industry because of the sales commission, that there will be a lot of upside vary from person to person. 随着我国经济的发展，金融保险类专业人才的社会需求也在不断增长。工商管理 是一门应用性很强的专业，也可以从事与银行和证券公司，该行业有很大的发展空 间。 证券行业上半年人才需求同比增长了200%。业内人士分析认为，从高、中、低各个层面来看，目前金融行业人才需求呈现“两头热、中间冷”的特点，中端职位证券分析师、理财规划师等人才需求上半年基本与去年同期持平。而证券经纪人、市场营销类的低端人才和银行客户经理、基金经理、投融资经理等高端职位人才的需求缺口均比较大。其中，高端人才的需求格外强劲，一些热门职位包括基金经理、高级投资咨询顾问、投融资经理、金融分析师等，同比增长都达到50%以上。 数据显示，今年上半年金融行业最热门的五大职位是证券经纪人、期货经理、基金经理、银行客户经理和投融资经理。其中，企业需求最大的职位是证券经纪人和期货经理，同比需求都突破了100%;行业内最紧缺的职位是基金经理，同比增长接近100%，北京地区紧缺最明显，
英语专业大四课程论文格式
青岛农业大学 （宋体二号） 本科生课程论文 （宋体一号加粗） 论文题目多媒体辅助英语教学研究 （宋体3号） 学生专业班级英语2007级3班 学生姓名（学号）李XX 20073171 指导教师潘桂荣 完成时间2009. 12. 8 二OO九年十二月八日
外国语学院英语专业课程论文格式要求 题目字居中On Wordsworth and Emerson’s Conception of Nature （加粗Times New Roman小三空一行) Y u Lianjun（Times New Roman加粗四号） Class 2, 2007, Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University （加粗Times New Roman小四号空一行) Abstract:（加粗Times New Roman小四号）The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号） Key words（加粗Times New Roman小四号）:Changes; Progresses; Study；Language（Times New Roman小四号空一行) 华兹华斯和爱默生对大自然的不同理解（宋体四号空一行) 摘要（加粗宋体小四号）：本文旨在通过对华兹华斯和爱默生诗歌的比较和分析来理解两人对于自然不同的把握。（宋体小四号行距20磅） 关键词（加粗宋体小四号）：自然；超验主义之自然；消极心态；个人主义（宋体小四号空一行) 1. Introduction（加粗Times New Roman四号，不用单独一页，接在关键词后） The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 2. Wordsworth’s Conception of Nature（Times New Roman四号） 2.1 Wordsworth’s Living Backgrounds(Times New Roman四号） The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 2.2 Instruments(Times New Roman四号） In the 19th century, romanticism prevailed as the literary mainstream throughout the European continent. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was one of the pioneers in the romanticist movement.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 3. Conclusion （Times New Roman四号） （参考文献和上文之间空一行）
机械专业英语论文翻译
Influence of Hot Press Forming Techniques on Properties of Vehicle High Strength Steels CHANG Ying, MENG Zhaohuan, YING Liang, LI Xiaodong , MA Ning, HU Ping ( Scho ol of Automotive Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China) Abstract:Based on the combination of materials science and mechanicalengineering ,hotpress forming process of the vehicle high strength steels was analyzed. The hot forming processinclud -ed: heating alloy srapidly to austenite micr ostructures, stamping and cooling timely,maintaining pressur eand quenching . The results showed that most of austenite micr ostructure w as changed into uniform mar tensite by the hot press form ing while the samples were heatedat 900 。C and quenched. The optimal tensile strength and yield streng th were up to 1530 MPa and 1000 MPa, respectively, and the shape deformation reached about 23% . And springback defect did not happ -en in the samples. Key words: high streng th steel; lightw eight ; hot forming ; martensite As an effective economical energy measure, the lightw eight dev elo pment dir ection of automo -bile has become one of the most important research subjects in the automotive industry. There are three major ways to achieve automobile light weight : optimizing vehicle frames and struc- tures; making vehicle bodyor f rame of new and alternativ ematerials to reduce the vehicle mass ( The high and ultra high strength steel can be used as alternative materials because of its thinner thickness) ; adopting advanced manufacturing techniques for the sake of automobile light wei- ght , such as thickness-gradient high strength steel (HSS) or metal based compound plates by con -tinuous pressing or hot press forming [ 1] . Although HSS has been applied in some domestic top grade vehicles, the key producing technologies have always been dominated by foreign compan- ies, such as Acelor Company, so as to raise the product cost obviously. By domestic self-designed hot press forming techniques and water-cooling mould, the automo bile HSS can be produced to subst itute foreign vehicle parts. In general, with the enhancement of steel blank，s mechanical strength, its formability is worsened dramatically. It is difficult to apply the traditional cold stamping technolog y into the f ield of pressing HSS. Thus, the hot stamping technology of martensit icsteel blank is applied as a new technology , which combines metal thermoplast ic forming metho d and water-cooling mould quenching principle. In this paper, boro n steel blank was formed and water-cooling mould was quenched simultane ously during the process of hot stamping . Compared with original automobile pearlite steel[ 2] , the automobile HSS obtained by advanced hot press forming technique can reduce about 30% of the total vehicle mass and achieve complex g eomet ries, high security and mechanical st reng th. The r easo n is that austenite microst
专业英语论文草稿
Using Zigbee to Integrate Medical Devices Paul Frehill, Desmond Chambers, Cosmin Rotariu Abstract—Wirelessly enabling Medical Devices such as Vital Signs Monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps allows central data collection. This paper discusses how data from these types of devices can be integrated into hospital systems using wireless sensor networking technology. By integrating devices you are protecting investment and opening up the possibility of networking with similar devices. In this context we present how Zigbee meets our requirements for bandwidth, power, security and mobility. We have examined the data throughputs for various medical devices, the requirement of data frequency, security of patient data and the logistics of moving patients while connected to devices. The paper describes a new tested architecture that allows this data to be seamlessly integrated into a User Interface or Healthcare Information System (HIS). The design supports the dynamic addition of new medical devices to the system that were previously unsupported by the system. To achieve this, the hardware design is kept generic and the software interface for different types of medical devices is well defined. These devices can also share the wireless resources with other types of sensors being developed in conjunction on this project such as wireless ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry sensors. Keywords—Biomedical Telemetry, Medical Devices, Bioinformatics, Wireless Sensor Networks, Healthcare Information Systems. I. INTRODUCTION MANY devices that exist today by the bedside in the hospital ward, intensive care unit or other clinical setting have data output features over serial ports and other types of interfaces such as USB. These devices are usually considered a significant investment and are usually purchased in an ad hoc fashion as required when finance becomes available. The consequence of this is that devices are often from different manufacturers that don’t support any standard protocol. This can make integrating these devices into a single network difficult. In the hospital ward Vital Signs monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps of many different brands are usually portable and wheeled from patient to patient as required. By networking these devices the hospital gains all the advantages associated with storing patient data centrally in electronic records. By making the device part of a wireless sensor network such as a Zigbee [1] network there are several more advantages including, cable replacement, mobility and location management. Once these devices are networked they can also use the infrastructure of other deployments of similar wireless sensor networks in the surrounding environment. To achieve this type of solution each device must be fitted with a piece of hardware that will act as a serial to wireless bridge, a Medical Device Interface (MDI). This MDI will allow the device to receive and transmit data within the wireless sensor network. This inexpensive hardware will be generic to fit a wide range of medical devices. Similarly the firmware can be kept generic and any specific device communication protocols can be implemented on a server on the network backend. The work described in this paper is part of a larger project,the goal of which is to provide a complete patient monitoring system. Other features of the overall system will be to provide ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry data in a novel way over a wireless sensor network using
化学专业英语结课论文
化学专业英语结课论文 摘要;化学科学技术发展战略更加贴近社会和经济需求, 生态环境恶化严重干扰可持续发展。化学科学技术活动总目标是:提供安全的能量、化学品和制造品, 既不会不可逆转地消耗地球上的稀有原料, 也不会产生有害物质污染地球;发现和创新新物质, 研究物质的化学和物理转化, 检测鉴定各种尺度物质的结构和性质;理论化学、计算化学和过程系统工程的创新应用, 及其与生物学、医药、电子学、信息学协同并在材料、医药、能源、信息、环境以及国家安全领域激励人心的应用。科学研究和人才培养都充满学科交叉。 关键词:化学科学技术;人与自然协调;可持续发展;创新 Chemical Science and Technology and Sustainable Development Abstract:Development strategy of chemical science and technology depends more and more on the demand of society and economic development nowadays, while the environment deterioration seriously interferes the sustainable development.So the chief objectives of chemical science and technology are:to provide safe energy, chemicals and products;not to consume the rare materials on earth irreversibly;not to produce harmful wastes to pollute the environment;to discover and innovate new compounds;to make research on the chemical and physical transformation of substances;to detect and determine the structures and the properties of materials of various sizes;and to make the innovative application of theoretical chemistry, computer chemistry and processing systematic engineering and their synergies with biology, pharmaceutics, electronic sand informatics for the application in the fields of materials, pharmaceutics, energy resources, information, environment and national security .Subject intersection always penetrates in scientific research and talent cultivation. Key words:chemical science and technology;harmony of human and nature;sustainable development; discover and innovate[1]
全英商务英语论文
HENAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 河南工业大学 Bachelor of Business Administration Assignment Cover 工商管理学士学位课程 作业封面 MODULE CODE AND NAME 科目代码及名称 Module Code 科目代码：_____B3 _ _________ Module Name科目名称：_____BC__ ________ Lecturer 讲师：____XXX _ ____ Section Code专业班级：__XXXXX_ _ ____ Student ID 学生证号码：___---------------__ Student Name学生姓名：_____XXXX ____ Announcement: I declare that this assignment is ENTIRELY my independent work except where referenced. I have marked any Reference sources and am aware of programme regulations concerning plagiarism and referencing. 声明：除了标明出处的引用资料之外，此作业是我独立调查完成的。文内所有引用的资料已经详细标明出处，并且我了解课程中有关抄袭及引用方面的规定。 Signature 签名： Lecturer Comments 讲师评语 Score 分数： Receive Date Year/Month/Day 收到日期：
信息工程专业英语课程论文
鲁东大学信息与电气工程学院2015 －2016 学年第-----2----学期 《 专业英语 》课程论文 课程号： 220821071 任课教师 贾世祥 成绩 论文题目：专业科技论文翻译 对给定的发表在正规外文期刊上的电子信息类专业科技论文进行翻译，包含 Title 、Introduction 、Algorithm 、Result 、Discussion 、Reference 等内容。 论文要求：（对论文题目、内容、行文、字数等作出判分规定。） 1.论文格式参考学院学士毕业论文要求，要有题目、摘要、关键字、正文、参考文献。 2.原文不包含摘要和关键字，请阅读原文并写出200~300字的英文摘要，给出5个英文关键字。 3.语言表达流畅，涉及到的图表字迹清晰，公式使用公式编辑器编辑。 4.设计报告使用B4纸打印，正文的图表可黑白打印。 教师评语： 教师签字： 年 月 日 一个简单、快速、有效的多边形减面算法 Stan Melax Abstract ：This article describes a new type of 3D model to optimize the reduction surface algorithm. Previous algorithms although it can reduce operating surface, but it in the reduction process will generate a lot of only makes processing speed becomes slow excess facet. This new algorithm is mainly through the edge collapse operation to achieve the effect of reducing the surface. This paper explains the characteristics and advantages of this algorithm by means of examples. The advantages and disadvantages of the new algorithm are also analyzed. Our initial goal is simple: we want to find a method can be reduced due to excessive blasting effects of polygons, now our art personnel only need to create a detailed model for every game objects. But there are limitations, this algorithm can only be applied to the triangle, if you need to be able to other more edges of the polygon into a simple triangle, in addition to this there is no other restrictions on the. Keywords ：Polygon reduction ；Edge Collapse ；Pretreatment ；Optimization model ；Optimization model; Application algorithm ； 如果你是一个游戏开发者，那么3D 多边形模型非常有可能是日常生活中的一部分，而且你对多少个多边形每秒、少多边形建模、细节层次等概念非常熟悉。你可能知道多边形减面算法的 目的在于通过一个有着大量多边形的高细节的模型生成一个 多边形数量比它少、但是看起来却跟原模型很相像的低面模型。这篇文章解释了一种实现自动减面的方法，并且附带的讨论了多边形减面的有用之处。在我们开始之前，我建议你去下载我的一个程序：BUNNYLOD.EXE ，它展示了我将要阐述的这项技术。你可以在Game Develop 网站上找到它。 问题的由来 在深入这个很厉害的3D 算法之前，你可能会问你自己真的有必要关注它吗？要知道，已经有一些商业的插件和工具来为你减少多边形数量了。 然而，下面的几条理由会告诉你为什么需要实现自己的减面算法： 学院 信息与电气工程学院 专业 信息工程 班级 信息1301班 本 学号 20132213652 20132213664 姓名 李惠梁 吴海峰
英文论文规范格式
论文规范格局 一 1、标题。应能归纳整个论文最重要的内容，要言不烦，有目共睹，通常不宜超越20个字。 2、论文摘要和要害字。 论文摘要应论述学位论文的首要观念。阐明本论文的意图、研讨办法、作用和定论。尽可能保存原论文的基本信息，杰出论文的发明性作用和新见地。而不应是各章节标题的简略罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。 要害字是能反映论文宗旨最要害的词句，通常3-5个。 3、目录。既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成有些的小标题，应标示相应页码。 4、导言(或序文)。内容应包含本研讨范畴的国内外现状，本论文所要处理的疑问及这项研讨作业在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论含义与实用价值。 5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。 6、定论。论文定论需求明晰、精粹、完好，应阐明自个的发明性作用或新见地，以及在本范畴的含义。 7、参阅文献和注释。按论文中所引证文献或注释编号的次第列在论文正文之后，参阅文献之前。图表或数据有必要注明来历和出处。 (参阅文献是期刊时，书写格局为： [编号]、作者、文章标题、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。 参阅文献是图书时，书写格局为： [编号]、作者、书名、出书单位、年份、版次、页码。) 8、附录。包含放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备别人阅览便利所需的辅助性数学东西、重复性数据图表、论文运用的符号含义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关阐明等。 二 1、本科毕业论文格局需求： 装订次第：目录--内容提要--正文--参阅文献--写作进程状况表--辅导教员评议表 参阅文献应另起一页。 纸张类型：A4纸。A4 210×297毫米 论文份数：一式三份。 其他(调查陈述、学习心得)：一概需求打印。 2、论文的封面由校园一致供给。(或听教员的组织) 3、论文格局的字体：各类标题(包含“参阅文献”标题)用粗宋体;作者名字、辅导教员名字、摘要、要害字、图表名、参阅文献内容用楷体;正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体;英文用Times New Roman 字体。 4、字体需求： (1)论文标题2号黑体加粗、居中。 (2)论文副标题小2号字，紧挨正标题下居中，文字前加破折号。 (3)填写名字、专业、学号等项目时用3号楷体。 (4)内容提要3号黑体，居中上下各空一行，内容为小4号楷体。