Unit5+综英课后练习参考答案
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Unit 5
Part I Listening T ask
Script for the recording:
In the Norwegian Arctic, researchers immobilize polar bears with drugs and then fit them with radio collars so they can be tracked by satellite, to monitor how global warming is taking a serious toll on polar bears. According to experts, arctic sea ice has been shrinking by three percent each decade since the 1970s, and that shortens the season when polar bears can hunt seals.
Polar bears are an important indicator to ge t an understanding of what’s happening in the Arctic. There are a lot of other species that will be affected by climate change and/or pollution, but when you look at it, polar bears are much easier to study in a lot of respects and we can catch the same individuals over a long period of time. We can follow them for many years and get good insights into what is happening.
The impact of climate change on polar bears underscores the critical need to reduce carbon pollution, which is widely blamed for global warming. Experts now say if climate keeps getting hotter, in 100 years by the end of each summer, there will be no ice at all in the Arctic Ocean. In view of the worsening climatic situation, nations have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. The Kyoto climate treaty requires all nations to reduce their carbon emissions so that the negative impact of climate change can be halted. It is the only global effort to fight climate change, and it is a good step forward in the right direction.
After Listening
1.how global warming is taking a serious toll
2.reduce carbon pollution
3.no ice at all in the Arctic Ocean
4.fight climate change
Part II Reading task
Text A
Comprehension
Possible answers to content questions:
1.Global warming.
2.She discovered it was melting into the ocean.
3.The complex meteorological processes associated with snow, permafrost and ice
magnify the effects of global warming in the polar regions.
4.It points to the fact that humanity has altered the climate.
5.They mean that the weather is so changeable that there is no such thing as normal
weather.
6.It is a long-term shift in worldwide temperature.
7.Worldwide temperatures climbed more than 1℉over the past century. Snow
fields are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off. Drought is the norm in parts of Asia and Africa. El Nino events are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges, and migration patterns for animals are being disrupted.
8.They can conclude that temperatures will keep going up.
9.For one thing, with seas rising enormous areas of densely populated land would
become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of people would have to migrate from unlivable regions. For another, rising seas, higher levels of urban ozone and warmer temperatures could all incur health hazards. Public health would suffer.
10.Humans are at least partly responsible.
11.They demonstrate that the last ice age came to an end not in the slow creep of
geological time but in the quick pop of real time, with the entire planet abruptly warming in just three years. They try to prove the point that there has been not just climate change but also the even more alarming phenomenon of abrupt climate change.
12.Although studies on global warming may not be enough to convince the naysayers,
what seems certain is that the ranks of those skeptics are growing thinner.
Text Analysis
1.
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-3 By citing the example of Shishmaref, the authors
introduce the theme of the essay: global warming.
Part Two Paras 4-10 The authors provide evidence from across
America and around the world in illustration of the
impact that climate change is having.
Part Three Paras 11-14 The authors point out that if worldwide air
temperature continues to rise the consequences
would be disastrous, and that the pace of climate
change may increase dramatically.
Part Four Para 15 The authors conclude that it seems certain that the
number of skeptics on global warming is getting
smaller.
2. Exposition
4. Y es, the essay ends well by asserting the number of skeptics on global warming is growing smaller, thus highlighting the point that global warming has undoubtedly become a reality. In a way, the ending echoes the beginning, helping render the whole piece more coherent.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.
1) densely populated 2) uninhabitable
3) thrown into 4) migrate
5) contaminate 6) respiratory
7) widen the range 8) incidence
9) adjusting 10) wildlife
Vocabulary
I 1.
1) percentage 2) zone
3) warmth 4) diverse
5) widen 6) looked around
7) in the face of 8) in perspective
9) temperate 10) theoretical
2.
1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $1.25 million in the last global financial crisis.
2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.
3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.
4) I saw waves battering (against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.
5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.
3.
1) Y our report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures?
2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.
3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.
4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.
5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.
4.
1) Much of the loss of biodiversity currently being experienced is attributed to human activity. Natural extinction is being accelerated by human populations wiping out entire ecosystems for development and single crop farming. Destroying naturally diverse vegetation destroys the life sustained by that habitat. We already know the scary effects of deforestation on global warming, but do we stop to think about the thousands of animal and insect species that are dying off because of global warming?
2) In August 2005, some scientists from esteemed scientific organizations predicted that a temperature increase of 2 °C above the pre-industrial level could trigger the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which would have overwhelming consequences for sea levels and biodiversity. At the current level of climate change, this prediction could become a reality in 10-15 years.
3) With huge amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere global surface temperature would rise to a great extent, thereby melting the north and south pole glaciers causing drought, and throwing agriculture into turmoil.The effects would be magnified if temperatures keep going up dramatically.
5.
1) think back to/on 2) think … over
3) thought of 4) think of …as
5) think up
1) picked up 2) picked out
3) picked up 4) picked on
5) picks at
II. W ord Family
1. 1) contaminated 2) contaminate 3) contamination 4) uncontaminated
2. 1) habitable 2) habitation 3) inhabit 4) uninhabited
5) uninhabitable 6) inhabited
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1)beef up 2) coastal
3) in favour of 4) residents
5) theoretical 6) disastrous
7)battered 8) shrinking
9) migrate 10) washed away
11) Scary 12) humanity
2.
1) predicting 2) accuracy
3) basis 4) collide
5) atmosphere 6) melts
7) affected 8) actions
9) striving 10) technologies
II. Translation
Most scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.
Part III Home Reading Task
Text B
Comprehension Check
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. b
5. b
6. a
Translation
北极的变化速度大大超过了几乎所有模拟试验的估计，这些模拟试验旨在展望，在与全球气候变暖有关的温室气体浓度不断提高时，北极将如何反应。而造成实际变化与模拟结果
不一致的会有两种可能：是模型过分保守了？还是模型忽略了导致冰和气温发生巨大变化的自然因素，从而使得由温室气体形成的原本缓慢的变暖进程显得微不足道了？
Language Practice
1. 1) c 2) h 3) f 4) g 5) e 6) b 7) a 8) d
2. 1) has …up/in his sleeve 2) stabilize
3) as much…as 4) complicate
5) exerted 6) deficit
7) dwarfing 8) counteract
9) turn around/round 10) expelled
11) build on/upon 12) ascribe
Part IV Comprehensive Language Practice
Model paper
What Can W e Do to Help Slow Down the Pace of Global W arming?
Abundant evidence points to the fact that the world is warming up at an accelerating rate. With regard to global warming, most scientists agree, human activity is the culprit. Factories, farms, cars, and the like emit carbon dioxide through burning fossil fuels, thus increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Obviously, to save our planet we must do everything possible to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
In this regard, it helps greatly if we choose to adopt a more responsible lifestyle. For instance, as driving produces a lot of carbon dioxide emissions, we should reduce the number of miles we drive by walking, biking or taking mass transit. For another example, when using the air conditioner we ought to set the temperature 2 degrees down in winter and 2 degrees up in summer. As almost half of the energy we consume in our homes goes to heating and cooling, we could reduce carbon dioxide emissions significantly with this simple adjustment. When it comes to our daily meals, we should try to eat less meat. It is now common knowledge that methane is a primary contributing gas in global warming. It is estimated that 20 per cent of the world’s methane comes from livestock. So it pays to stop eating meat with an easy heart. Steps like these are too numerous to list. In a word, we can start from little everyday things and do our bit to help slow down the pace of global warming.
(246 words)
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