英美散文选读 课后部分答案整理
UNIT 1 Of Marriage and Single Life Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯。培根
1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of a married life according to Bacon? Advantages:
1.Be responsible for family and careful;
2.Hortative, put men in mind of their wives and children ,for soldiers;
3. A kind of discipline of humanity , grave natures led by custom are commonly loving
husbands;
4.Wives are young men’s mistress , companions for middle age , and old men’s nurses Disadvantages:
1.giving hostages to fortune
2.impediments to great enterprises
3.an abatament of a man’s riches and a family will bing a man bonds and shackles
UNIT 4 Letter to Lord Chesterfield Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔。约翰逊
2.What is the importance of this letter in the history of English literature?
1.John’s letter has been described as literature’s “Declaration of
Independence”;Independence of writers
2. It’s a poor writer to the big man’s indictment-like , showing contempt for the writer of
the elite.
3. It has been the subject of critical comment over since in the literary world.
4.It represents the English new bourgeoisie(资产阶级)’ resistance against feudalism（封建
主义）.
5.It embodies the author’s rebellion.
*6、事实上，此后英国文坛上的保护制度（Patronage）在英国，在欧洲大陆逐渐消失了。
***Writing features in the letter
1、beautiful , elegant statement（陈述）and long sentences.
2、the use of Triple parallelism(三联排比).
3、the use of irony , satire（讽刺）and humor（幽默）.
4、the combination of metaphor （比喻）and allusion（暗指，影射）.
UNIT 7 How to Grow Old Bertrand Russell 伯特伦德。罗素
3．What ，in the opinion of the author , is the best way for an old person to overcome the fear of death?
Apart from a hereditary factor , he points out that the best way for the aged to live a long life is to develope wide and impersonal hobbies . (Thus , old people could avoid reminiscence of their youth and excessive concern for their grown-up children . Also they may find it easier to overcome the fear of death and make their life part of the universal one.)
Universities and Their Function Alfred North Whitehead阿尔佛雷德。诺思。怀特海德4.What does Whitehead see as the chief function of a university ? Why is a university an ideal place to develope this talent ?
Thus the proper funcion of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge.The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.
The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life , but uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning . The university imparts(传授) information , but it imparts it imaginatively.At least ,
this is the function which it should perform for society . This atmosphere of excitement , arise from imaginative consideration , transfroms knowledge .
UNIT 8 Politics and the English Language George Orwell
5.Does the author make clear how “an effect can become a cause”in the case of the English language?
Yes.A man may take to drink because he feels heimself to be a failure , and then fail all the more completely because he drinks.It is rather the same thing that is happen to the English language .It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish , but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts.The point is that the process is reversible.
UNIT 9 People Edward Morgan Forster 爱德华。摩根。福斯特
6.Do you agree with Forster that a novel that is not too simple often requires both flat and round characters ? Why （not）？What would be the result if a novel contained only round characters?
Yes,a novel that is at all complex often requires flat people as well as round .Because plot is complex , people should parallel life .Comic and tragic need both of them.
Only round :complex ,not easy to be recognise and remember , lack comic ,too serious. UNIT 10 Professions for women Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚。伍尔夫
7.What is The Angel in the House ? Why does the author have to do battle with it when she writes?
A hype of female characters in Victorian literature ; the ideal woman for the patriarchal (The name was originally the title of a book by the Victorian poet C.K.D. Patmore. Coventry Patmore, the author of the poem, The Angel in the Hose, sees his wife Emily as a perfect Victorian wife and head of the home, thus comparing her to an angel.)
The original meaning of the word “angel” is a messenger of God and a supernatural being to whom are attributed greater than human power, intelligence, etc. When used figuratively, the word means a person regarded as being as beautiful, good, and innocent, etc. as an angel, especially said of women and children. Since an angel is supernatural and often female, it is appropriate for the author to call the phantom an angel.
The speaker focuses on the first obstacle to becoming a professional women writer. She uses a figure of speech “killing the Angel in the House” in describing her determination to get rid of the conventional role of women in her writing.
killing the Angel in the House
Meaning：这里用The Angel in the House
暗喻作者在写作生涯中，由于根深蒂固的社会舆论观念（即认为身为女子就必须像个女人，你要有强烈的同情心，你必须魅力十足，必须绝对的慷慨大方，必须擅长处理家庭生活中的各种困难，也必须要有奉献精神），作者在事业上遇到了巨大的阻碍。
The writer use “The Angel in the House” tries t o tell readers that because of the deep-rooted convention what thinks being a woman, she should be intensively sympathetic, immensely charming, utterly unselfish, excelled in the difficult arts of family life, and sacrificed herself daily, she meets the biggest obstacle.
And while I was writing this review.., do battle with a certain phantom.
(para.3 line3) （鬼怪，精灵）In the text, the phantom appears to the sight in the form of an angel, and also it is a mental representation of the stereotyped Victorian woman.
英语散文选读课程教学大纲
英语散文选读课程教学大纲 课程名称：英语散文选读(Selected Readings of English Essay) 一.课程目的、任务：本课程为指定选修课程，旨在通过教师讲解，使得学生了 解英语散文这一特殊文体，提升其英语阅读能力，增加对英语文化以及语言与文化关系的理解；同时锻炼自身的批判性思维，熟稔部分英语作家，最终能够有效输出语言，综合运用语言。 二.课程内容：该课程收录了20篇左右的经典英语散文，内容涵盖方方面面， 涉及文化差异、人性观察、读书研究、社会变革等众多话题；作者年代跨度较大，为学生提供了一个宽阔的阅读空间。散文作为一个特殊的文体，有其鲜明的特征，其语言、形式、目的以及类别都得一一澄清，但是应植根于具体篇章讲解中。另外，教学中一个重要的环节就是背景文化的切入，包括作者的生平、写作风格、所处时代特征，西方的宗教信仰以及英美国家的一些有坐标意义的历史事件，这样可以使得学生透彻理解语言。同时，语言点的深入讲解必不可少，对修辞的系统讲解得以引入其中，旨在深化学生的语言理解力。 三.教学方法：主要采用以学生为导向，教师为指导的教学方式，给学生充分空 间，贯彻自主学习的精神。教师要求学生做好预习工作，事先了解作者以及相关的背景信息，再通过陈述的方式分享，教师做好补充工作。课堂教学注重教师讲解和学生讨论两个方面，一来可以养成独立思考的习惯，二来可以操练语言。学生的课堂表现，包括陈述部分，会作为期末考核的一项重要标准。 四.教材及参考书目：该课程由教师自编教材，收集一些耳闻能详的经典篇章， 篇目的选择也考虑到题材的多样性，覆盖面教广，所收录文章如下。(注：部分篇章供学生课后阅读欣赏。) 1.On reading by Noah Porter 2.Of Studies by Francis Bacon 3.How Should One Read a Book? By Virginia Woolf 4.Philosophers among the Carrots by Kay Haugaard 5.The Philosopher And The Conqueror by Gilbert Higher
英语短文阅读
Part I Reading comprehension Directions: There are some reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim(受害人) of unfortunate circumstances（状况）deprived of one of the greatest twenty-first century opportunities. Convinced（深信的）of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks ---those purchasable wells of wisdom ---what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modem education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates" －if the term can be applied to peoples without a script---while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1967, and is still non- existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savages know of no "juvenile
翻译方向硕士生学位论文建议选题
翻译方向硕士生学位论文建议选题 1、翻译家朱生豪研究 2、朱生豪译莎剧的回顾与再评价 3、翻译家卞之琳研究 4、《李尔王》汉译比较研究 5、20世纪30年代中国译坛大回顾与反思 6、梁实秋文学翻译研究 7、唐诗（宋词、诗经）之英译与经典化 8、文学翻译对现代汉语的影响 9、培根散文汉译研究 10. 朱自清散文通感应用翻译研究 11. 论彭斯诗歌中通感应用翻译研究 12. 翻译家杨宪益夫妇研究 13. 庞德与林纾翻译比较研究 14. 《水浒传》英译研究 15. 翻译家张谷若研究 16. 20世纪30年代中国文学翻译研究 17. 用动态对等来研究张谷若英国文学的翻译 18. 用读者反应论研究张谷若英国文学的翻译
19. 《京华烟云》汉译研究 20. 书名翻译 21. 郭沫若文学翻译研究 22. 从历时角度研究传统抒情诗的翻译 23. 早期英诗汉译研究 24. 英诗汉译新旧译文比较研究 25. “信达雅”百年反思 26. 19世纪英国社会科学名著新旧译作比较研究 27. 用读者反应论来研究严复译著 28. 文学作品翻译的归化与异化 29. 商标广告翻译中的文化因素 34. 《水浒传》英译文体学研究 35. 翻译家王佐良研究 36. 公众场合汉英误译研究 37. “信达雅”的现代诠释 40. 新时期译学述评 41. 毛泽东诗词英译研究 42. 《圣经》汉译研究 43. 《水浒传》文体翻译研究 44. 《水浒传》汉译英研究 45. 论意识形态对翻译的操控
46. 中国20世纪30年代翻译理论再评价 47. 严复的“信达雅”与奈达的“功能对等”比较研究 48. 新时期以来（1980年后）翻译学在中国 49. 新时期以来（1980年后）西方译论在中国的传播与接受 50. 美国著名演说词汉译研究 51. 20世纪西方译论在中国 52. 庞德《神州集》再探 54. 苏轼诗文英译研究 55. 翻译家张培基研究 56. 中国现代散文英译研究 57. 论张培基的翻译艺术 58. 论经典散文汉译英翻译 59. 论现代中国散文汉译英通感的翻译 60. 中国现代散文名篇英译研究 61. 林纾小说翻译述评 62. 高健英美散文翻译研究 63. 王维诗英译研究 64. 杜甫诗英译研究 65. 十四行诗汉译研究 66. 莎士比亚十四行诗汉译研究
高级英语课后习题paraphrase和translation部分答案
P a r a p h r a s e&T r a n s l a t i o n Lesson 1 1.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument. 2.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rules. 3.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase, the King’s English, has always been used disparagingly and joking by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people. 4....that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. Then?suddenly?a?magical?transformation?took?place?and?there?was ?a?focal?subject?to?talk?about.
初中英语--美文阅读
Andy's Hobbies Andy is always watching animal programs on TV．When he was a child his favorite books were Gerald Durrel's animal books．He also wrote down something about animals when he heard them — especially the ones that were about loving animals． He has always had pets．His first animal friends were pigs．And then he tried his best to persuade his parents to get a dog．For some reasons they did not seem to believe Andy would walk the dog three times a day，no matter how Andy promised he'd do it． He did his best to persuade them：he was good at drawing and left drawings of dogs all over the place．He ran to the library，borrowed all the dog books he could find，and left them lying around as well．His parents were quite used to his books lying around everywhere． Then Andy's mother was told a friend's cat had kittens and they could go and get one．At first Andy was a little disappointed．As time went by，he learned to love the cat so much he has had cats ever since． Cats let us know when it is time to change the sofa．Either when the fabric starts to look like Einstein's hair that has been combed with cat paws，thanks to the generous donation of cat hair． 安迪的爱好 安迪总是看电视节目上的动物频道。当他还是个孩子的时候，他最喜欢的书就是杰拉尔德·达雷尔写的有关动物的书籍。每当他听到一些关于动物的事情，尤其是那些有关爱护动物的故事，他都会记录下来。 他一直爱养宠物，他的第一个动物朋友是猪。后来他尽自己的最大努力去说服他父母为他买一只狗。由于某些原因，无论安迪怎样承诺，他们似乎并不相信安迪会每天出去遛狗三次。 他尽自己的最大努力说服他们：他擅长画画，到处都放着狗的素描。他跑到图书馆去借他能找到的所有关于狗的书籍，也把它们丢得到处都是。他的父母已经习惯他把书丢得到处都是了。 后来安迪的母亲得知一个朋友家的猫生了小猫，他们可以去抱一只回家。起初安迪感到有点失望，但自从有了猫之后，随着时间的推移他学会给猫很多爱护。 猫让我们知道什么时候该换沙发了，也就是当沙发织物开始看起来像用猫爪梳理过的爱因斯坦的头发时，这其实多亏有了慷慨捐赠的猫毛。 Larry Schwarz's Hobbies Larry Schwarz has played with toys all his life．As a child，he often pulled his toys apart，and then glued them back together．He made toy rockets，cars，and buildings out of boxes．Although he put his toys away long enough to become a lawyer，he never lost his childhood passion for toys．Schwarz dreamed up many toys while in school．Instead of taking notes in class，he filled 26 notebooks with toy sketches! Still，he managed to get his lawyer degree． Today，instead of working in a courtroom，Schwarz skateboards around his Rumpus's headquarters in New York City．In 1997，he started the Rumpus Toy company and invented all kind of crazy toys，like Gus Gutz，a doll with 12 spongy organs，and Sy Klops，a one-eyed doll．Even the boxes are playful．Printed instructions on Rumpus toy boxes
全新版大学英语综合教程2_课后习题之翻译和作文
I.translation 1背离传统需要极大勇气 It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢在大庭广众面前上台表演了 Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的 Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4假设那幅画的确是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy it? 5如果这些数据统计上是站的住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 要提高我们的英语水平，关键是多读多写多听多说。此外尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。如果你脑子没有储存大量好的英语文章，你就不能用英语自由地表达自己的思想。一边学一边总结经验也很有帮助，因为这样做，我们就能搞明白哪种学习方法更有效的，能够产生最理想的效果。只要我们坚持努力学习，到时候我们就会完成掌握英语的任务 To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along,
英语经典文章选读 2
The Scar I always felt ugly. Then I learned that beauty and perfection are two very different things. By Joanna Slan His thumb softly rubbed the twisted flesh on my cheek. The plastic surgeon, a good fifteen years my senior, was a very attractive man. His masculinity and the intensity of his gaze seemed almost overpowering. “Hmmm,” he said quietly. “Are you a model?” Is this a joke? Is he kidding? I asked myself, and I searched his handsome face for signs of mockery. No way would anyone ever confuse me with a fashion model. I was ugly. My mother casually referred to my sister as her pretty child. Anyone could see I was homely. After all, I had the scar to prove it. The accident happened in fourth grade, when a neighbor boy picked up a hunk of concrete and heaved the mass through the side of my face. An emergency room doctor stitched together the shreds of skin, pulling cat-gut through the tattered outside of my face and then suturing the shards flesh inside my mouth. For the rest of the year, a huge bandage from cheekbone to jaw covered the raised angry welt. A few weeks after the accident, an eye exam revealed I was nearsighted. Above the ungainly bandage sat a big, thick pair of glasses. Around my head, a short fuzzy glob of curls stood out like mold growing on old bread. To save money, mom had taken me to a beauty school where a student cut my hair. The overzealous girl hacked away cheerfully. Globs of hair piled up on the floor. By the time her instructor wandered over, the damage was done. A quick conference followed, and we were given a coupon for a free styling on our next visit. “Well,” sighed my father that evening, “you’ll always be pretty to me,” and he hesitated, “even if you aren’t to the rest of the world.” Right. Thanks. As i f I couldn’t hear the taunts of the other kids at school. As if I couldn’t see how different I looked from the little girls whom the teachers fawned over. As if I didn’t occasionally catch a glimpse of myself in the bathroom mirror. In a culture that values beauty, an ugly girl is an outcast. My looks caused me no end of pain. I sat in my room and sobbed every time my family watched a beauty pageant or a “talent” search show. Eventually, I decided that if I couldn’t be pretty, I would at least be well-groomed. Over the course of years, I learned to style my hair, wear contact lenses and apply make-up. Watching what worked for other women, I learned to dress myself to best advantage. And now, I was engaged to be married. The scar, shrunken and faded with
《经典英语美文阅读 论阅读和书籍》英文翻译
《经典英语美文阅读论阅读和书籍》英文翻译 导读：Any important book should immediately be read twice. 每一本重要的书籍都必须被一气呵成连续读上两遍。 partly because one grasps the matter in its entirety1 only the second time, and only really understands the beginning when one knows the end; and partly because one’s temper and mood inevitably change, so that one gets a different impression the second time, and sees the matter in another light. 原因之一在于一个人在阅读第二遍时，会更好地理解书中内容的整体关联，而只有知道了书的结尾才会明白书的开头；原因之二在于一个人的心境和情绪在第二次阅读时不可避免地与第一次有所不同，这样一来，第二次阅读获得的印象也会不同，能够从另一角度看待书中内容。 Works are the quintessence of a mind, and are therefore always of far greater value than conversation, even conversation with the greatest of minds. A man’s works far surpass his conversation. Even the writings of an ordinary man may be worth reading, both instructive and entertaining, for the simple reason that they are the quintessence — that is to say, the result and fruit of his whole thought and study; while
当代英美散文名篇选读下册6-9单元单词 加注释
Unit 6 Thinking as a Hobby norm: convention, standard, rule maroon: put a person ashore on a deserted island, strand 使孤立，被放逐incomprehensible: impossible to understand, unintelligible innocence: naivety plonk: set down heavily and carelessly musing: meditate, think deeply depravity: corruption, wickedness exalt: elate, inspire impediment: hindrance, obstacle reel: have a sensation of whirling stagger: totter, move unsteadily bulge: stick out, protrude detest: dislike very much, loathe pious: devout, having a dutiful reverence for God proposition: statement in which an opinion or judgement is expressed stamped: force sb. into a hasty action confer: give, grant, present portentous: pompously solemn, pretentious deficiency: defect, imperfection, weakness bolster: reinforce, strengthen beam: smile joyfully inscrutable: not to be discovered, incomprehensible mingle: mix, associate amiability: friendliness concede: admit the truth of sordid: dirty, ignoble irreverent: deficient in respect 不敬的delinquent: guilty of minor crimes gregarious: fond of company Unit 7 Once More to the Lake hover: remain in the air without moving in any direction haunt: a place one visits often sprinkled: scattered, dotted mirage: illusion, dream ingredient: factor wince: draw back from something unpleasant undulating: having a curving from or outline jar: have a harsh or irritating effect apiece: each, for each persist: last tenaciously dislodge: force out of a position 驱逐pensively: meditatively, sadly cultist: devotee indelible: that cannot be erased or removed haul: distance to be traveled petulant: unreasonably impatient or irritable imperceptibly: in a manner that cannot be noticed or felt desolated: devastate, destroy, ruin perpetuate: make everlasting lull: a period of quiet or little activity rumble: a deep heavy continuous sound placidity: calm, tranquility reassure: take away fears, set one’s mind at rest sedative: tranquilizer 镇静剂incessant: constant, ceaseless soggy: too wet and soft Unit 8 The Inner Ring imploringly: in a manner showing earnest pleading spontaneous: natural, activated without deliberation devour: filled up with seniority: length of service compromise: discredit, endanger sandwiched: placed between unscrupulous: not guided by conscience, unprincipled perverse: willfully doing what is wrong or unreasonable unawares: by surprise consorting: have associations with
英语散文课后练习答案
Unit 1 Text A Hit the Nail on the Head Comprehension 1. B. II. CCCA II. Paraphrase 1. A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately. 2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feeling. 3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located. 4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand the subject matter. III. Choices 1-5 Unskillful, skillful, vague, tricky, accurate, 6-10: Alteration, ambiguous, conscientious, want of knowledge, drawbacks 11-15: developing, erroneous, trivial, dim, adaptable, 16-20: subtle, emotional, quintessence, compulsion, absorbing Text B Things: the Throw-away Society Comprehension 1.C II. FTFFT TFF II. Paraphrase 1. The reason why Barbie is deeply loved so much by little girls is that she looks just like a real person in real life who can be dressed up in the way they wish. 2. Moreover Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls who want to buy a new Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price. 3. But more and more, man-made products form a very important part in the lives of people.
与英语有关的文章选读1
THE RULES THAT EVERY ACHIEVER KNOWS In October 1982, a 25-year-old woman finished the New York City Marathon. No big deal-- until you learn that Linda Down has cerebral palsy and was the first woman ever to complete the 26.2-mile race on crutches. Down fell half a dozen times, but kept going until she crossed the finish line, 11 hours after she started. Her handicap limited her speed but not her determination. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow once wrote: "Great is the art of beginning, but greater the art is of ending." How nice it would be if we all had a genie who could help us finish what we begin. Unfortunately, we don't. But what we do have is a dynamic called discipline---which extracts a high price. Following one of Paderewski's performances, a fan said to him, "I'd give my life to play like that." The brilliant pianist replied, "I did." Accomplishment is often deceptive because we don't see the pain and perseverance that produced it. So we may credit the achiever with brains, brawn or lucky break, and let ourselves off the hook because we fall short in all three. Not that we could all be concert pianists just by exercising enough discipline. Rather, each of us has the making of success in some endeavor, but we will achieve this only if we apply our wills and work at it. How can we acquire stick-to-itiveness? There is no simple, fast formula. But I have developed a way of thinking that has rescued my own vacillating will more than once. Here are the basic elements: "Won't" power. This is as important as will power. The ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, "Men must be decided on what they will not do, and then they are able to act with vigor in what they ought to do." Discipline means choices. Every time you say yes to a goal or objective, you say no to many more. Every prize has its price. The prize is the yes; the price is the no. Igor Gorin, the noted Ukrainian-American baritone, told of his early days studying voice. He loved to smoke a pipe, but one day his professor said," Igor, you will have to make up your mind whether you are going to be a great singer, or a great pipesmoker. You cannot be both. " So the pipe went. Delayed gratification. M. Scott Peck, M.D., author of the best-seller the Road less Traveled, describes this tool of discipline as "a process of scheduling the pain and pleasure of life in such a way as to enhance the pleasure by meeting and experiencing the pain first and getting it over with." This may involve routine daily decisions---something as simple as skipping a favorite late-night TV show and getting to bed early, to be wide awake for a meeting the next morning. Or it might involve longer-term resolves. A young widow with three