2019秋金版学案高中英语必修5(人教版)练习：Unit1Greatscientists含解析

Unit 1Great scientists

Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford，England.His parents' house was in north London，but during the second world war Oxford was considered as a safer place to have babies.When he was eight，his family moved to St Albans，a town about 20 miles north of London.At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School，and then on to University College，Oxford，his father's old college.Stephen wanted to do Mathematics，although his father would have preferred medicine.There was no mathematics，so he did Physics instead.After three years and not very much work he was awarded a First Class Honours Degree in Natural Science.

Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in cosmology(宇宙学)，there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time.His supervisor(导师)was Denis Sciama，although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge.After gaining his Ph.D.he became first a Research Fellow，and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied

Mathematics and Theoretical Physics，and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas，who had been the Member of Parliament for the University.It was first held by Isaac Barrow，

and then in 1663 by Isaac Newton.

His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime(《时空的大规模结构》)with G．F.R Ellis，General Relati v ity：An Einstein Centenary Sur v ey(《广义相对论：爱因斯坦世纪眺望》)with W. Israel，and 300 Years of Gravity(《重力300年》)with W．Israel.Stephen Hawking has two popular books published；his best seller A Brief History of Time(《时间简史》)．

【词海拾贝】

1．be considered as 被看作

2．award v．奖给，授予n．奖品，奖项

3．do research in 做……方面的研究

4．later on 后来

5．hold the post of 任；担任

6．best seller 畅销书

【问题思考】

True(T) or False(F)：

1．Stephen majored in medicine when he was in college.()

2．A Brief History of Time is his most popular book.()

答案：1.F 2.T

Ⅰ.重点单词分类记

★拼写高频单词

1．________________v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败

2．________________v t.照顾；护理；出席；参加

3．________________n．挑战v t.向……挑战

4．________________v t.吸收；吸引；使专心

5．________________v t.责备；谴责n．过失；责备

6．________________adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的

n．专家；行家

7．________________v t.暴露；揭露；使曝光

8．________________n．治愈；痊愈v t.治愈；治疗

答案：1.defeat 2.attend 3.challenge 4.absorb

5．blame 6.expert7.expose8.cure

★联想拓展单词

1．________adj.科学的→________n．科学；技术→________n．科学家2．________v t.&v i.结束；推断出→________n．结论；结束

3．____________v t.分析→__________n．分析→__________

(pl.)n.分析

4．________adj.致命的→________adj.无生命的→________v i.死亡→________n．死；死亡

5．________v t.宣布；通告→________n．宣告；通告

6．________v t.命令；指示；指导→________n．命令；指示；教导→________(pl.)n.指令；说明→________n．教员；指导者

7．________adj.有责任的；负责的→________n．责任，职责→(反义词)________adj.不负责任的；不可靠的

8．________v t.建设；修建→________n．建设；建筑物

9．________v t.&v i.捐献；贡献；捐助→________n．贡献；捐献；投稿10．________adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→____________v t.创造，创作→________n．动物，生物

11．________adj.小心的；谨慎的→________n．小心，谨慎

12．________v t.污染；弄脏→________n．污染

答案：1.scientific science scientist 2.conclude conclusion

3.analyze analysis analyses

4.deadly dead die death

5.announce announcement

6．instruct instruction instructions instructor

7．responsible responsibility irresponsible

8．construct construction9.contribute contribution

10．creative create creature11.cautious caution12.pollute pollution

★识记阅读单词

1．positive adj. ________________

2．victim n. ________________

3．suspect v t. ________________

n. ________________

4．severe adj. ________________

5．reject v t. ________________

6．investigate v t.&v i. ________________

7．handle n. ________________

v t. ________________

答案：1.积极的肯定的；确实的 2.受害者 3.怀疑被怀疑者嫌疑犯 4.严重的剧烈的严厉的 5.拒绝不接受抛弃 6.调查7.柄把手；处理操纵

Ⅱ.重点短语快速记

1．________________提出

2．________________得出结论

3．________________显露；暴露

4．________________将……和……联系或连接起来

5．________________除……之外；此外

6．________________对……严格的

7．________________讲得通；有意义

8．________________调查；研究

9．________________导致

10．________________有时

答案：1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose...to 4.link...to...

5.apart from

6.(be) strict with...

7.make sense

8.look into

9.lead to 10.at times

Ⅲ.经典句式应用记

1．________________________(原因和治疗方法都不)was understood.(neither...nor...既不……也不……)

2．So many thousands of terrified people died______________ (每次爆发时)．(every time 引导时间状语从句)

3．A woman ，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she_________________(派人运到她的家中)every day.(have sth done 让……被做)

4．________________________(为了防止这种情况发生)again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies________________________(进行检测)．(动词不定式作目的状语/suggest“建议”＋宾语从句)

5．Only if you put the sun there____________the movements of the other planets in the sky________________________(讲得通)．(only if 位于句首的倒装句)

答案：1.Neither its cause nor its cure 2.every time there was an outbreak 3.had it delivered to her house 4．To prevent this from happening be examined 5．did make sense

Ⅰ.Skimming for the main information

1．What's the main idea of the passage?

A．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.

B．Polluted water was the cause of cholera.

C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.

D．How John Snow collected，analyzed data and found the cause of cholera and solved it.

2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.

(1)Para.1____A．Two theories explaining how cholera killed people.

(2)Para.2____ B．John Snow studied the outbreak in 1854 to test the two theories.

(3)Para.3____ C．Introduction of John Snow and cholera.

(4)Para.4____ D．The water was to blame.

(5)Para.5____ E．The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.

(6)Para.6____ F．“King Cholera”was defeated.

(7)Para.7____ G．John Snow announced with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.

答案：1.D 2.(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)E(5)D(6)G(7)F

Ⅱ.Scanning for detailed information

1．What was the original source of the disease of “King Cholera”？

A．A cloud of dangerous gas.

B．The spreading of virus among people.

C．Water in a certain pump in London.

D．A river polluted by the dirty water.

2．Why did No.21 Broad Street in London have no deaths?

A．The people just drank the water from the pump.

B．They drank beer as well as water from the pump.

C．They didn't absorb the dangerous air.

D．They suffered no germs at all.

3．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe?

A．Cholera multiplied in the air without reason.

B．People spread the disease when speaking to each other.

C．People absorbed the disease into their bodies with their meals.

D．People were too dirty.

4．How many people died per day on average in streets where John Snow gathered information?

A．Over 500.B．Over 100.

C．Over 50. D．Over 25.

5．What does the word“this”in the sentence“He had not foreseen this”in the 23rd line refer to?

A．The outbreak of cholera.

B．The cause of the disease.

C．No deaths in some areas.

D．The water pump in Broad Street.

答案：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C

Ⅲ.Intensive reading to finish the passage

In the times of Queen Victoria，the so-called“King Cholera”hit Londoners，1.________often led to large numbers of 2.________ (die)．Thanks 3.________John Snow，a well-known doctor，this deadly disease finally got 4.________(control)．John Snow thought the most important was 5.________(find)its cause.So he began to gather information.He made a map，6.________which he marked the exact places

7.________the victims had lived.As a result，he found out that the

8.________(pollute)water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the

source of all water supplies 9.________(examine)immediately.Finally “King Cholera” 10.________ (defeat)．

答案：1.which 2.deaths 3.to 4.controlled 5.to find 6.on7.where 8.polluted9.(should) be examined10.was defeated

Ⅳ.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text

1．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

[句式分析]when 引导时间状语从句，exposed to cholera 分词短语作后置定语修饰people。

[尝试翻译]

2．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.

[句式分析]句中who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 A woman。“so...that...(如此……以至于……)”引导的是结果状语从句，从句中的过去分词delivered为had的宾语补足语。

[尝试翻译]

3．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.

[句式分析]逗号前面的不定式短语作目的状语。suggested后接宾语从句“the source of all the water supplies be examined”。

[尝试翻译]

答案：1.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。

2．有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都派人

从水泵打水运到家里来。

3．为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有的水源都要经过检测。

如何写好“建议”类书面表达

本单元的写作项目属于新课标应用文类别中的“建议信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。

一、基本结构

1．开头(beginning)——开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。

2．主体(body)——对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。

3．结尾(ending)——呼应开头，重申观点。

二、注意事项

1．开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。

2．给出希望对方采取或终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。

3．语气要委婉。让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不要把自己的想法强加于人。

4．给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。

三、常用句式

1．建议信开头常用句式。

(1)I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.

我非常高兴收到你的来信，信中你问我如何学好汉语。

(2)I am glad to know that you are going to enter college and it is my great pleasure to give you some suggestions of choosing your major.

我很高兴得知你将进入大学并且很荣幸能就专业选择方面给你一些建议。

(3)Concerning your request，I would like to offer my advice on how to keep fit.

对于你的请求，我想就如何保持健康提出我的建议。

2．表达建议的常用句式。

(1)In the first place，I would recommend a balanced diet.

首先，我会推荐均衡饮食。

(2)In my opinion，you would be wise to accept his advice.

依我之见，采纳他的建议是你的明智之举。

(3)I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.

我发现有必要边听边记笔记。

(4)Why not drink a little，exercise，stop smoking and eat more fruit and vegetables?

为何不少喝点酒，参加锻炼，不抽烟，多吃水果和蔬菜呢？

(5)If we had followed his advice，we could have done the job better，with less money and fewer people.

要是听取了他的意见，我们不仅可以节省物力、人力，而且还会把工作做得更好。

3．建议信结尾常用句式。

(1)I do hope you will consider my suggestion.

真心希望你能考虑我的建议。

(2)I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/ recommendations practical/useful/helpful.

我希望这些建议/意见/看法对你来说实用/有用/有帮助。

假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初，你的老师Ms Li希望了解每个学生的英语学习情况，并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。

1．对英语学习的认识；

2．自己目前的英语学习水平；

3．自己英语学习主要存在的问题；

4．对英语教学的两点建议。

注意：

1．词数100词左右；

2．信的开头和结尾已给出。

Dear Ms Li，

I'm very happy to have you as our English teacher.___________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Thank you!

Yours，

Li Hua 【范文点评】

with the development of China，English plays a more and more important role in our communication and cooperation.②So I think as a freshman I should work harder and harder to improve my English.

High as my English score in the college entrance examination is，③I still have difficulty using English.④For instance，while communicating with foreigners，I can't follow them due to the difficult ②此句中plays a more and more important role in our communication and cooperation准确地道的运用，体现出作者对于英语重要性的认识。

③as引导的让步状语从句，作者主动恰当地在文章中的运用，让读者眼前为之一亮。

④第二段以让步状语从句开

假设你是约翰，你的朋友玛丽因为缺乏运动而生病。请给她写一封建议信，劝说她康复以后多参加体育活动，每天锻炼1小时，以增强体质。

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

Dear Mary，

I am sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Sincerely yours，

John 答案：

Dear Mary，

I am sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.Y ou have studied so hard that you have had no time for exercise.This is harmful to your health.You have been in poor health these years.I feel it would be more beneficial to your health if you could take more

exercise in future.

Exercise can improve your physical constitution and refresh the mind.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying.

I am not advising you to devote all your time to exercise.I hope you can take at least one hour's exercise every day.I would be more than happy to see you have a stronger body.

Sincerely yours，

John

A组基础过关

Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1．Many children fell ill because of having drunk the water ________(pollute)by the chemical factory.

2．In ________(conclude)，you must convince me of your ability before you are employed.

3．Take care not to keep your children ________(expose)to bad books，too many computer games or websites.

4．It is ________(challenge)for me to pick out one of my former classmates from a crowd of people.

5．When entering the room，we found the girl ________ (absorb) in reading a novel.

6．There was a ________(puzzle)look on her face，so I repeated the question.

7．Prices of daily goods ________(buy)through the Internet can be lower than those in a store.

8．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

—The key to ________(solve)the problem is to meet the demand

________(make)by the customers.

9．“Things ________(lose)never come again！”I couldn't help talking to myself.

10．“It's such a nice place，”Mother said as she sat at the table ________(reserve)for customers.

11．We think the film ________(set)in the Middle Ages in Europe is worth seeing a second time.

12．Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ (suspect) of having stolen money.

13．The manager's demand was that the data ________(refer)to in his report ________(e-mail)to Mr Brown without delay.

14．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____________(seat)as the plane was making a landing.

15．The music of the film ________(play)by him sounds so ________(excite)．

答案：1.polluted 2.conclusion 3.exposed

4．challenging 5.absorbed 6.puzzled7.bought

8．solving made9.lost10.reserved11.set

12．suspected13.referred(should)be e-mailed

14．seated15.played exciting

Ⅱ.选用短语的适当形式填空

2．He was to blame for the accident.So he ________ it.

3．Deeply ________ her new novels，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.

4．This medicine ________________ his cough.

5．Don't worry.I'll ________________ the matter.

6．Does smoking ________ lung cancer?

7．Which books will you borrow，________ this one?

8．I really think his reason for doing it ________________．

9．The writer is ________________ his new book.

10．This movie ________________ a true story.

答案：1.exposed to 2.was blamed for 3.absorbed in

4．cured him of 5.attend to 6.contribute to

7．apart from8.makes sense9.working on

10．is based on

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．________________ will be of great use to the people in the flooded areas.

你所捐献的东西将对洪涝灾区的人们非常有用。

2．When you decide to start a family，you ____________ your loved one.You shouldn't turn your back on the person who loves you.

当你决定建立一个家庭时，你会对爱人做出承诺。你不应该抛弃爱你的人。

3．__________________________________for the old，we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.

除了打扫庭院和为老人铺床，我们还给他们读报纸并跟他们聊天。

4．____________________________reading books，he doesn't like being disturbed.

无论什么时候他全神贯注地看书都不喜欢被打扰。

5．She sped home _________ that her husband fell ill suddenly.

刚一听说丈夫突然病倒，她便马上奔回家去了。

答案：1.What you have contributed

2．make a commitment to

3．Apart from cleaning the yard and making up the beds

4．Whenever/No matter when(he was)absorbed in

5．the moment she was told

B组能力提升

Ⅰ.阅读理解

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.

Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone，who led the team，described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.

After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.

When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，

they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two，and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.

“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr.Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”

【语篇解读】本文讲述了哈佛医学院科学家Margaret Livingstone及其团队通过反复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。

1．What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?

A．They fed them.B．They named them.

C．They trained them. D．They measured them.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段首句“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward”可知答案为C。

答案：C

2．How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?

A．By drawing a circle. B．By touching a screen.

C．By watching videos. D．By mixing two drinks.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example”可知答案为B。

答案：B

3．What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?

A．They could perform basic addition.

B．They could understand simple words.

C．They could memorize numbers easily.

D．They could hold their attention for long.

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a calculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination”可知，大多数时候，猴子倾向于触摸更高的数值，这表明它们会进行简单的计算，而不仅仅是记住每个数字组合的数值。

答案：A

4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Entertainment. B．Health.

C．Education. D．Science.

解析：推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。故选D。

答案：D

Ⅱ.七选五阅读

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.____1____Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided.

2____More than that，how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First，you need to evaluate yourself，your values，your strengths，your weaknesses，your achievements，your desires，etc.Only then should you set your goals.

You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.____3____So，slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.

Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible，____4____They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.

Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example，you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____5____You should reassess your goals，and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.

You will surely need to overcome some difficulties，some planned，but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.

A．This can affect your work.

B．So how should you motivate yourself?

C．However，this should not discourage you.

D．So why should we try to set specific goals?

E．They can change according to circumstances.

F．Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

G．Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.

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1.Where does this conversation take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C.In a museum. 2.What does Jack want to do? A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule. 3.What are the speakers talking about? A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave. 4.What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers. 5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation? A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket. 第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

高中英语必修五unit5练习1

语法填空 The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin 1 functions are very complex: it is 2 you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns. You can get burnt by a 3 ( vary )of things. Burns 4 ( call ) first, second, or third degree burns, depending 5 which layers of the skin burnt. Different degree burns have different characteristics. When giving first aid treatment of burns, you can remove clothing 6 (use) scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Cool burns 7 (immediate) with cool but not 8 (ice) water. Cover the burnt area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. If burns are on arms 9 legs, keep them higher than the heart. If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital 10 (get) the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. whose, where, variety, are called, on/upon, using, immediately, icy, or, to get 完形填空 Lauren, 17, was traveling home with her father from a first aid road show when they found the police alongside two young men lying face down in the street. Lauren's father, Mick Askham, remembered, “ The two young men had been 1 in a street fight. Since the police weren't carrying any first aid gear, they were 2 when Lauren and I stopped to help. ” Lauren said, "This was my first incident and I kept thinking to myself: just stay 3 . All the things I’d learned during first aid training came back to me.” She explained, " One lad(少年) had been hit hard over the head— his head was 4 open and he almost lost 5 . The other had been stabbed near the top of his leg and was 6 badly. “ My dad went over to 7 the lad with the head injury, talking to him all the while to try and keep him 8 . Meanwhile, I joined a police officer to treat the other man's knife injury, 9 Dad shouted to tell us what to do.” Mick added, "The man Lauren and the police officer helped had a serious knife 10 , so they applied direct pressure and 11 a pad over the wound.” After five minutes, things took a sharp 12 for the worse when large groups of young men returned to the 13 and continued their argument with the police just ten yards away from the first aiders. Lauren recalled, "They started shouting and 14 each other right next to us -it was really terrible. You think,‘ Am I in 15 here?’ But we Just carried on helping the injured- with all this trouble going on 16 us- until the ambulance arrived.” Mick added," Lauren 17 fantastic courage for a 17-year-old with only basic first aid skills. There's no doubt that her and the police officer’s actions —18 the casualty’s bleeding and keeping him 19 —helped the guy before the 20 arrive.”