文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 语法专项突破

语法专项突破

语法专项突破
语法专项突破

语法专项突破

冠词主要放在名词之前,说明所表示的人或物,不能单独作句子成分,冠词分为不定冠词(a ,an )和定冠词(the )两种。

考点1 不定冠词的用法

1.下列情况用不定冠词 用法 示例

(1)用于单数名词前表示泛指某一类人或事物。

Kobe is a basketball player.

科比是一名篮球选手。 (2)表示初次提到某人或某物。 I have a sister. 我有一个妹妹。

(3)表示“一个”,和one 的意思相近,但one 更强调数量。

Bob will come back in a week.

鲍勃一周后会回来。 (4)表示“每一”,和every 的意思相近。 It is said that an apple a day keeps the

doctor away.

据说一天吃一个苹果,身体健康不求医。[来源:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/22898041.html,]

(5)用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”,和another 的意思相近。

Would you like a second cup of tea?

你想再要一杯茶吗? (6)用于一些固定词组或短语中。 a little 一点儿 have a look 看一看

2.不定冠词a 与an 的不同用法

词条 用法 示例

a a 用在以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前。 a “u”一个字母“u” a boy 一个男孩

an an 用在以元音音素开头的字母或单词前。 an “m”一个字母“m” an apple 一个苹果

特殊情况 (1)某些单词以不发音的辅音字母开头,但第一个音素是元音音素,这时要用an 。 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an hour 一个小时

(2)某些单词以元音字母开头,但第一个音素是辅音音素,这时要用a 。 a useful book 一本有用的书

考点2 定冠词的用法

用法 示例

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 The man on the bike is a doctor. 骑自行车的那个人是一位医生。

(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard ,please. 请看黑板。

(3)前面已提到的人或物,在第二次提到时要用the 来表示特指。

Yesterday an 8-year-old boy fell into the

river.The boy was saved by a policeman.

昨天一个八岁的男孩掉进了河里。这个男孩被一位警察救了。

(4)用于序数词、形容词的最高级及only ,very ,same 等词修饰的名词前。 He is the first one to leave the classroom.

他是第一个离开教室的。

He is the only one I know in the city.

在这个城市他是我唯一理解的人。

(5)用于乐器类的名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他

6)用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的

名词前。the moon月球the earth地球the sun 太阳the sky天空

(7)由普通名词构成的表示组织、机构、建筑、国家名、书名等专有名词前多数要用定冠词the。the Great Wall 长城

the Palace Museum故宫the Peace Hotel 和平饭店the WTO世界贸易组织

(8)用于某些形容词前,表示一类人,也可用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇。the rich 富人the young 年轻人the blind 盲人the dead死者the Smiths史密斯一家人或夫妇

(9)用于“the+比较级”与of the two连用,表示“两者中较……的”或“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。He is the taller of the two boys.

他是两个男孩中较高的一个。

The more you eat,the fatter you will be. 你吃得越多,你就会越胖。

(10)用于一些固定词组中。in the morning 在早上on the left 在左边

考点3 零冠词(不用冠词)的用法

用法示例

(1)一些由普通名词构成的专有名词前不用冠词,如:街名、广场名、公园名、大学名、节日名等。Nanjing Road南京路Times Square时代广场Beihai Park北海公园

(2)可数名词复数和不可数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。Horses are useful animals. 马是有用的牲畜。

(3)球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐的名词前不用冠词。play basketball打篮球play chess下棋have lunch吃午饭

(4)表示季节、月份或星期的名词前不用冠词。in spring在春天in June在六月

(5)前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用任何冠词。This is our first class. 这是我们的第一节课。

(6)某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词。by train 乘火车

go to school 去上学

1.(2012湖南衡阳中考,22)I have______apple every day.

A.a B.an C.the

2.(2012湖南岳阳中考,22)A new road was built between our village and the town.______ road is wide and clean.

A.不填B.The C.A

3.(2012贵州遵义中考,26)—Mum,where are my shoes?

—They're in ______ black box under the bed.

A.a B.an C.the

4.(2012湖南郴州中考,21)—What do you think of Day Day Up hosted by Wang Han?

—I love it.It is ______ interesting show.

A.a B.an C.the

5.(2012福建福州中考,31)There is no living thing on ______moon.

A.the B.a C.不填

6.(2012湖南怀化中考,21)There is ______ orange on the table.It's very delicious.

A.a B.不填C.an

7.(2012 湖南湘潭中考,28)—Do you know ______ inventor?

—Yes,he's ______ friend of mine.

A.an;the B.a;a C.the;a

8.(2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考,21)Bill likes playing ______ basketball,but he doesn't like playing ______ piano.

A.the;the B./;the C.the;/

9.(2012四川凉山中考,21)This is ______ interesting movie and it's also______ most interesting one I've ever seen.

A.an;a B.an;the C.a;the

10.(2012湖北恩施中考,24)______ girl who will perform at the party tomorrow comes from ______ European coun try.

A.The;a B.A;the C.The;an

11.I really like ______ book you lent me yesterday.

A.a B.an C.the

12.As we know,England is ______European country and Singapore is______ Asian country.

A.an;an B.an;a C.a;an

13.The young man plays ______ violin very well,but he plays ______ basketball badly.

A.the;the B.a;a C.the;/

14.—Do you know ______man in black over there?

—Yes.He is ______ office worker of Dayang Hotel.

A.a;an B.the;the C.the;an

15.In the United States,Father's Day falls on ______ third Sunday in ______ June.

A.the;/ B.the;a C./;the

16.—What would you like for ______ breakfast,Mr Green?

—Two pieces of bread and ______ cup of tea,please.

A.a;the B./;a C./;the

17.Mary has a bad cold.She has to stay in ______ bed.

A.a B.the C./

18.—How does your father go to work?

—______.

A.By a bike B.By bus C.By the car

19.This is John's ______ coat.

A.a B.an C./

20.—It's a nice day,isn't it?

—Yes,what ______ fine weather!

A.a B./ C.the

参考答案

专题一冠词

专题提升演练

1.B 表示泛指的可数名词单数前用不定冠词an,apple是以元音音素开头,故用an。

2.B 第二次提到表特指用定冠词the。

3.C 在被限定词或定语修饰的名词前用定冠词the表特指。

4.B 表示泛指的可数名词单数前用不定冠词an,interesting是以元音音素开头,故用an。

5.A 世界上独一无二的名词前用定冠词the。

6.C 表示泛指的可数名词单数前用不定冠词,orange是以元音音素开头,故用an。

7.C 表示特指的名词前用定冠词the;在双重所有格前用不定冠词a/an,如a friend of mine“我的一个朋友”,故选C项。

8.B play与球类名词连用不加冠词,与乐器类名词连用加the,故选B项。

9.B 表示泛指的可数名词单数前用不定冠词,interesting是以元音音素开头,故用an;在形容词的最高级前一般用the。所以答案为B项。

10.A girl其后有作定语的定语从句,故用the修饰表特指;European不是以元音音素开头,故用a修饰表泛指,所以答案为A项。

11.C 句意:我确实喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。在此book是特指的,双方都知道的,故用定冠词the,所以答案为C项。

12.C European是以辅音音素开头,故用a;Asian是以元音音素/eI/开头,故用an。所以答案为C项。

13.C play与乐器类名词连用表示演奏某种乐器时,在乐器类的名词前加定冠词the,play与球类名词连用时,不加冠词。故选C项。

14.C 第一个空因man后面有后置定语,所以前面用定冠词the表特指;第二个空用不定冠词an表泛指。

15.A 序数词前用定冠词,月份前用零冠词。

16.B 一日三餐前用零冠词,“一杯茶”a cup of tea。

17.C stay in bed是固定搭配,意为“待在床上”。

18.B 当by...短语表示“用……交通工具”时,名词前不加冠词。

19.C 名词前如有名词所有格或物主代词修饰时,不加冠词。

20.B weather是不可数名词,不可数名词用于what引导的感叹句中时,前面用零冠词。又如:What great progress he has made!他的进步非常大!

福建省泉州市高考英语总复习 语法专项突破 第八节语法专练知能闯关

《优化方案》2013高考总复习英语(福建泉州北师大版专用)语法 专项突破第八节语法专练知能闯关 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.(2012·济宁模拟)There were several messages from people,most of ________ I didn’t know,on my answering machine when I got home. A.those B.which C.whom D.them 解析:选C。考查定语从句。分析句式结构可知,如果选择A、D两项,则构成独立的分句,缺少连接词;B项关系代词which只能指代物。C项whom引导定语从句,修饰先行词people,并在从句中作of的宾语。故C项正确。 2.(2012·滨州模拟)Yellow is an attention getter,________ is the reason why taxis are painted this colour. A.that B.what C.which D.as 解析:选C。考查定语从句。根据语境可知,黄色容易引起注意,那就是出租车被漆成黄色的原因。分析题干可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,排除选项A和B;which代指前面整个句子作定语从句主语。故选C项。 3.(2012·泰安质量检测)In the UK,what impressed me most was the Student Activity,________ I got lots of information outside. A.where B.that C.which D.when 解析:选A。考查定语从句。句意为:在英国,让我印象最深的是学生活动,从中我学到了很多课外知识。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the Student Activity,从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导,相当于in which。故A项正确。 4.(2012·青岛统一质量检测)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually. A.that B.where C.which D.whose 解析:选B。考查定语从句。由语境可知,地球不可能是唯一一个有生命存在的星球。where 在定语从句中作地点状语。故B项正确。 5.(2012·淄博模拟)—Tell me something about his match in Sydney. —Well,he got the championship,________ we had expected.He made it at last. A.as B.what C.why D.how 解析:选A。考查非限制性定语从句。由语境知,正如“我们”所预料的那样,他最终获得了冠军。as引导非限制性定语从句,代替he got the championship作从句宾语。故选A。6.The engineers made two big plans for the dam,________ was never put in force. A.one of them B.which C.one of which D.both of which 解析:选C。句意:工程师们为大坝制订了两大计划,其中一个从未实施。由逗号前后没有连接词可知,后面为非限制性定语从句,根据从句中的was及前面的two可知,此处指的是“其中的一个”,故选C。 7.The English song calls up the happy days ________ we spent together in our youth. A.which B.when C.on which D.what 解析:选A。句意:这首英文歌使我们想起了年轻时一起度过的快乐的日子。先行词days 虽然表示时间,但在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用关系代词that或which。 8.The beaver chews down tress to get food and material ________ to build its home.

汉硕考研语法部分专项专练之名词解释

现代汉语语法部分专项专练之名词解释 五、术语解释题 1、语法; 2、词类; 3、词的语法功能; 4、实词和虚词; 5、量词; 6、区别词; 7、助词; 8、动态助词; 9、词的兼类; 10、句法结构; 11、直接成分; 12、句法成分; 13、谓词性宾语; 14、趋向补语; 15、句子; 16、复说语; 17、插说语; 18、句型; 19、句子分析; 20、句式; 21、主谓句; 22、非主谓句; 23、主谓谓语句; 24、连动句; 25、兼语句; 26、存现句; 27、“把”字句; 28、“被”字句; 29、复句; 30、关联词语; 31、倒装句; 32、省略; 33、紧缩句; 34、名词谓语句; 35、双宾语句; 36、联合复句; 37、偏正复句; 38、词性; 39、方位短语; 40、名量词; 41、动量词; 42、体词;

43、谓词; 44、加词; 45、结构助词; 46、词的活用; 47、短语的结构关系; 48、短语的结构功能; 49、体词性句法结构; 50、谓词性句法结构; 51、加词性句法结构; 52、层次分析; 53、谓词性主语; 54、体词性宾语; 55、句类; 56、语法意义; 57、语法手段; 58语法特征; 59复合量词; 60、列举助词。 丹丹老师Q:一九一五三三六四一二 答案: 1、语法:语法这一术语有三种含义:语法规律、语法科学、语法教材。语法规律是客观存在的语言中词组成短语、词或短语组成句子的各种规律,语法科学是人们对语法规律研究的结果,把研究的结果加以提取,得到的是语法教材。 2、词类是指词在语言结构中表现出来的由语法功能决定的类别。语法上给词分类,为的是说明语句结构的规则,指明词的用法。对汉语的词进行分类,必须以词的语法功能为依据。 3、词的语法功能就是词的组合能力,表现为:(1)能充当什么结构成分,不能充当什么结构成分;(2、)能跟什么词组合,不能跟什么词组合,组合后表示什么样的意义和关系。 4、能充当句法结构成分的词是实词,如名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词、副词、区别词等;不能充当句法结构成分只在句法结构中起附着或连接作用的词是虚词,如介词、连词、助词、语气词等。 5、量词是用来计算事物或动作的单位的词,包括名量词、动量词、时量词。 6、区别词是指只能修饰名词表示事物的特征和分类的词。 7、助词是指附着在词或短语上表示某种附加意义的虚词,大都念轻声,像结构助词、动态助词等即是。 8、动态助词是附着在谓词后表示某一过程中动作变化的状态的词,如“着、了、过”等。 9、词的兼类是指少数词具有两类或两类以上词的语法功能的现象,即该词既具备甲类词的特点,又具有乙类词的特点。兼类词主要存在于名词、动词和形容词之间。如“报告”、“联系”等是名动兼类词,“困难”、“矛盾”是名形兼类词,“端正”、“丰富”是动形兼类词。 10、句法结构是指词和词按一定的语义关系和结构关系构成的结构体,包括实词跟实词的组合,也包括实词跟虚词的组合,也叫短语或词组。 11、直接成分是指直接组成某一句法结构同一结构层次的两个组成成分。 12、句法成分是指在句法结构中承担结构关系的关系项,即句法结构成分的简称。

(通用版)2017高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 语法突破 专题7 名词性从句对点特训

专题7 名词性从句 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Steve Jobs' success in the digital field proved what it took to be a best CEO. 2.The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short time. 3.You should be grateful to your employees, because you wouldn't be where you are now without them. 4.—It's my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have? —Whatever you choose is fine with me. 5.What is concerning us greatly is when/how/whether the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. 6.Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is what makes a difference. 7.Be sure to make the invitations sent to whoever has taken part in the competition. 8.—Do you think it is wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? —No, that's where they are mistaken. 9.What is the most important for him is not his job, but his family. 10.Please hold on to where you are strong and try to improve the weak subjects. 11.Rosa regretted giving her opinion about the decision directly, feeling that she should have expressed it differently. 12.There is still some doubt whether the system will work even though all the factors have been considered. 13.That he failed to win the game left him in low spirits. 14.This large sum of donation money will be given to whoever lost their homes in the earthquake. 15.Whoever breaks the traffic rules shall be punished severely. 16.Whichever team wins this match shall be allowed to go for a free holiday. 17.The alarm clock didn't go off. That was why I overslept and missed the train. 18.I subscribe to the idea that we will hold a party in honour of our gold wedding. 19.He will spare no effort to provide whatever we need for us.

2017年考研英语重点语法解析

2017年考研英语重点语法解析 2017考研英语语法重难点精解(真题) 一般将来时(Simple Future Tense) 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,其形式和用法如下所述。 1. will/shall+动词,表示单纯的将来含义。 例句:Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could decline. (2001年第23题) 分析:该句是复合句。written and spoken作定语修饰language;that后是一结果状语从句。 译文:有朝一日,软件既能用来做文字翻译又能做口头翻译,而且能翻译得很好,以至于对任何通用的第二语言的需求都会下降。 例句:Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth and will be very expensive. (选自2006年Text 2) 分析:该句是复合句。which引导的定语从句修饰its own hotel;从句中you may be sure 是插入语,从句的主干部分为which will be decorated with...and will be very expensive。 译文:希尔顿正在那儿建立自己的酒店,你或许可以肯定它将配有(以莎士比亚剧中人物的名字命名的)哈姆雷特汉堡包店、李尔王休息室、班柯宴会包间等,而且价格非常昂贵。 2. be going to+动词,表示按计划或打算在最近的将来做某事,也可表示对未来的预测。 例句:As long as poor people, who in general are colored, are in conflict with richer people who in general are lighter skinned, there is going to be a constant racial conflict in the world. (1999年第18题) 分析:该句是复合句。定语从句who in general are colored和who in general are lighter skinned分别修饰poor people以及richer people;从句的主干部分为poor people are in conflict with richer people。 译文:一般来说,只要穷人与富人(也就是一般的有色人种和白色人种)之间有冲突,那么这个世界上的种族冲突就不会停止。 例句:Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly?contested market. (选自2005年Part C) 分析:该句是简单句。 译文:显然,只有规模最大、应变能力最强的电视传媒集团才能够在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争激烈的市场中生存。 3. be to+动词,表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或要求别人去做的事,常用来表示官方的命令、决定、禁止、许可等。 例句:If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between America?s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. (选自2011年Text 4) 分析:该句是复合句。其中,在主句中,定语从句it hopes to attract修饰audience。 译文:如果吉尔伯特和纽约爱乐乐团想获得成功,他们首先必须改变美国最古老的交响乐团和其想要吸引的新一批观众间的关系。 例句:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of

语法专项突破九语法专练知能闯关

Ⅰ.单项填空 1.__________ made the little boy so sad is __________ his parents didn’t allow him to go out for a picnic with other boys. A.What;because B.What;that C.That;because D.That;what 解析:选B。句意:使这个小男孩如此伤心的是他的父母不允许他跟其他男孩出去野餐。第一空用what引导主语从句,what在从句中作主语;第二空用that引导表语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义,只起连接作用。 2.—What did you do yesterday afternoon? —We discussed __________ Mary could join us. A.whether B.if C.that D.what 解析:选A。句意:“你们昨天下午干什么了?”“我们讨论了玛丽是否可以加入到我们中来。”discuss后的宾语从句只用whether不用if引导,意为“是否”,且不在从句中作成分。that在名词性从句中不作任何成分也没有任何意义;what常在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 3.The textbook is filled with cases about __________ our life has developed thanks to new inventions. A.what B.where C.why D.how 解析:选D。句意:课本中有很多关于我们的生活是如何因为新发明而得到改善的例子。根据句意宾语从句缺少表示方式的状语,故用how引导。what不作状语;where表示地点;why表示原因。 4.Desertification,the name for __________ happens when farm land is turned into desert,is a growing world problem. A.which B.where C.what D.how 解析:选C。句意:沙漠化,即可耕种土地变成沙漠,已经发展成世界问题了。所选项引导介词for的宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,故用what。which强调范围;where常在名词性从句中作地点状语;how在名词性从句中作方式状语。 5.__________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.When 解析:选B。句意:明天我们是否去野营取决于天气。所选项表示“是否”之意,且从句中不缺少成分,故用whether。引导主语从句位于句首时,用whether不用if;that在名词性从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义;when常在名词性从句中作时间状语,此处与tomorrow 相矛盾。 6.(2012·临沂质量检测)The warning we were given as children __________ eating fast will make you fat may,in fact,have a scientific explanation. A.that B.who C.where D.which 解析:选A。考查名词性从句。分析句子可知,we were given as children为定语从句限定主语the warning,其谓语动词为have,从句部分不缺成分,对the warning起到补充说明的作用,为同位语从句。故选A。 7.(2012·泰安一轮质量检测)—It is so dark tonight,Mum. —Y es,this is just __________ we can enjoy brilliant stars in the sky. A.when B.where

语法专项突破

语法专项突破 冠词主要放在名词之前,说明所表示的人或物,不能单独作句子成分,冠词分为不定冠词(a ,an )和定冠词(the )两种。 考点1 不定冠词的用法 1.下列情况用不定冠词 用法 示例 (1)用于单数名词前表示泛指某一类人或事物。 Kobe is a basketball player. 科比是一名篮球选手。 (2)表示初次提到某人或某物。 I have a sister. 我有一个妹妹。 (3)表示“一个”,和one 的意思相近,但one 更强调数量。 Bob will come back in a week. 鲍勃一周后会回来。 (4)表示“每一”,和every 的意思相近。 It is said that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. 据说一天吃一个苹果,身体健康不求医。[来源:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/22898041.html,] (5)用于序数词前,表示“再一,又一”,和another 的意思相近。 Would you like a second cup of tea? 你想再要一杯茶吗? (6)用于一些固定词组或短语中。 a little 一点儿 have a look 看一看 2.不定冠词a 与an 的不同用法 词条 用法 示例 a a 用在以辅音音素开头的字母或单词前。 a “u”一个字母“u” a boy 一个男孩 an an 用在以元音音素开头的字母或单词前。 an “m”一个字母“m” an apple 一个苹果 特殊情况 (1)某些单词以不发音的辅音字母开头,但第一个音素是元音音素,这时要用an 。 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an hour 一个小时 (2)某些单词以元音字母开头,但第一个音素是辅音音素,这时要用a 。 a useful book 一本有用的书 考点2 定冠词的用法 用法 示例 (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 The man on the bike is a doctor. 骑自行车的那个人是一位医生。 (2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard ,please. 请看黑板。 (3)前面已提到的人或物,在第二次提到时要用the 来表示特指。 Yesterday an 8-year-old boy fell into the river.The boy was saved by a policeman. 昨天一个八岁的男孩掉进了河里。这个男孩被一位警察救了。 (4)用于序数词、形容词的最高级及only ,very ,same 等词修饰的名词前。 He is the first one to leave the classroom. 他是第一个离开教室的。 He is the only one I know in the city. 在这个城市他是我唯一理解的人。 (5)用于乐器类的名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他

考研英语之语法练习题(含详细题释)

定语从句练习题 1. The settlers were unprepared for the long and patient toil ____ the soil would be made to yield crops. [A] by which alone [B] so that [C] because [D] though 2. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed. [A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is 3. The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments ____ the pictures speak for themselves. [A] if [B] when [C] which [D] as 4. Children are likely to have less supervision at home ____ was common in the traditional family structure. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as 5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could go penniless by next year. [A] the larger one [B] the larger of which [C] the largest one [D] the largest of which 6. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least. [A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose 7. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ____ in the public mind today. [A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed 8. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his argument in favor of the new theory. [A] which to base on [B] on which to base [C] to base on which [D] which to be based on 9. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. [A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As 10. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____ going on in the world. [A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is 11. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ____ twenty years ago. [A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with 12. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____ contributes to his success in later life. [A] which [B] therefore [C] who [D] so that 13. The minister was the person ____. [A] in whose honor the state dinner was given [B] whom the state dinner was given in honor [C] for him the state dinner was given honor [D] whose honor the state dinner was given 14. This is an exciting area of study, and one ____ which new applications are being discovered almost daily. [A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through 15. ____ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子,要分析其结构,这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点,汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言,汉字很难写,而且有四种声调。其实,许多接触过多种外语的人都认为,英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单,是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过,语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此,学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 (一)英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异: 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定,比如“书”这个字,“一本书”、“三本书”都一样,没有词形变化。英语就不同了,book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说,学好英语就是学好动词,此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在,表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式,这就是时态。 (二)英语动词的形式: 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此,了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式: (1)动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时,情态动词之后, 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

2018年高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第七讲 名词性从句

第七讲名词性从句 1.that引导主语从句时,没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that不能省略。what引导时,在从句中充当成分,且有意义。 ◆It is true that the college will take in more new students. 这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。 2.whether连接主语从句时,表示怀疑,不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换。 ◆(重庆高考)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。 3.连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,并在从句中充当句子成分。 ◆It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. 这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故,还不清楚。 4.主语从句要用陈述语序,即主谓语序。 (1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有: ①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句 ②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句 ③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句 ④It+特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)+that从句 ◆It is a pity that I missed the party held last night. 很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。 ◆It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness. 据报道,该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。 (2)在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中,从句用“(should+)动词原形”。 [典例] (2015·广东高考语法填空)Now it occurred to him ____________ his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. that解析:固定句型“it occurred to sb.+that从句”表示“某人突然想到”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。 单句语法填空

人教版中考英语语法突破专题——《宾语从句》

人教版2020届中考英语语法突破专题—— 《宾语从句》 宾语从句是历届中考必考单选题型,一般出现在单选题的倒数第一题或者倒数第二题,基本上各省份考试均涉及一道宾语从句题,一般在九年级第二学期开学或者第一学期期中学习,宾语从句是中考三大从句题之一(三大从句分别为:状语从句、定语从句和宾语从句)。因为涉及句子结构问题,很多学生对这一题型得分率很低,很多次模拟考试都不能做对,使得本应该轻松到手的分数白白丢弃。本人结合自己多年的教学经验,整理出宾语从句的解题方法,方便广大考生借鉴参考。 (一)什么是宾语从句 宾语从句先从字面上理解,其实就是原来的句子中的宾语或者宾语补足语,从原来的一个单词或词组变成了现在的一个句子,比如: ◎句子中只有宾语的情况 ①I told you.我告诉你 这个句子中,我是主语,told是谓语动词,you是宾语。 ◎句子中既有宾语又有宾语补足语的情况 ②I told you a story.我告诉你一个故事 这个句子中,我是主语,told是谓语动词,you是宾语,a story是宾语补足语。 初中英语所涉及的宾语情况就这两种情况,在初中阶段不会遇到其他情况,所以,我们的宾语从句形式也以此只有两种情况 分别将①和②中的宾语和宾语补足语用句子来代替,就形成了我们所说的宾语从句,即我们可以将①中的宾语you替换为一个句子,例如: ②I asked when they would come to there. 句中的I是主语,asked是谓语动词,when they will come to there.是宾语从句,是一个句子,在句中的作用地位和①中的you一致。 将②中的a story 变为句子,例如: ③I told you that he was not in the school yesterday.

考研英语语法长难句讲义-简单句并列句【】

考研英语:语法长难句

目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子? (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句? (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)

第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子? 英汉句法结构的差异 举例: ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语:实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语:系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类: ?be ?感官动词:look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化:become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持:keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象:seem, appear

?终止:prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例: ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1)谓语的成分: 举例: ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2)动词能不能多? 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣,锁上门,离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员,主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你,你爱我。 ?冬天来了,春天就不远了。

语法专项突破 第四讲

第四讲时态和语态 时态 考点一一般时 1. 一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式(be动词的一般现在时用am/is/are)构成。 My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. 我理想的学校上午8:30上课,下午3:30放学。 (2)如果主句是一般将来时,那么在由when,while,before,after,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句,if和unless引导的条件状语从句及让步状语从句中,可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示将来的动作或状态。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。 2. 一般过去时 (1)常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用;也可表示过去习惯性的动作。 (2015·高考重庆卷·单项填空)—Is Peter coming? 彼得要来吗? —No,he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 不来了,他打完电话之后的最后一刻改变了主意。 (2015·高考湖南卷·单项填空)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I asked,“What do you wish me to do now?” 当我问到“你希望我现在做什么?”时,我无法掩饰自己急切的心情。 (2)有些句子,虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,expect,want等。 Edward,you play so well. But I did n’t know you played the piano. 爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。 3. 一般将来时 “shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 (2015·高考北京卷·单项填空)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. 杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。 —All right. I will call him later. 好的。我稍后给他打电话。 I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party. 我希望你在晚宴上表现得大方得体。 考点二进行时 1.现在进行时

2017高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题1名词、冠词和代词第3讲代词对点巩固

第3讲代词 1.(2016·四川卷)By that time, the panda no longer needed 68.its(it) mother for food. 【解析】mother是名词,故其前填形容词性物主代词its。 2.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.its(it) choking smog. 【解析】因为smog是名词,所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式。 3.(2015·广东卷)Now it occurred to 45.him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 【解析】It occurs/occurred to sb.that…某人突然想到……,固定句型。根据从句中his可知应填him。 4.(2016·浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, we'd greet her at the door. 【解析】由前面的he arrived home…we'd greet判断用him。 【答案】her→him 5.(2016·四川卷)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 【解析】由前面的When he came back可知,这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。 【答案】her→his 1

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档