高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气讲义

第五章情态动词和虚拟语气

一、情态动词的语法特征

(1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

(2)情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

(3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

(4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词等形式。

二、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，多半不是事实，或与事实相反。

高考重点要求：

1、情态动词的基本用法

2、情态动词表示推测的语义差别

3、情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义

4、虚拟语气中情态动词的用法

第一节知识点概述

一、情态动词

（一）情态动词种类

1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”, 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用be able to .

He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。

2. may表示“允许，可以”，相当于be allowed to .

may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好”

You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。

You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。

3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”。

4. have to 加动词原形，表示“不得不”，“必须”，它比must更强调客观。

Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。

5. should 表示“劝告”，“建议”或“义务”时，译作“应当”，或表示“预测”和“可能”。

He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了，不能自理，他应当照顾他们。

He should be there now. 他应该在那儿。

should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”。

6. ought ，只有一种形式，且ought后必须加to，然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”。

7. dare 可以用作情态动词，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，这主要用于否定句中，它本

身可有现在时第三人称单数，词尾加s，它还可以有ing分词形式(daring)和过去式及ed分词形式(dared)。

（二）情态动词在一般时否定句中的用法

can't(cannot) 表示“不可能”，may not 表示“不可以”，mustn't(must not) 表示“一定不要”，“不许可”，needn't (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not ＋动词原形表示“不敢”。

He can't finish his essay by this time. 现在他不可能写完论文。

He may not sleep now. 他或许现在没在睡觉。

You mustn't criticize her in that way. 你不应那样批评她。

You needn't come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。

He dared not meet his fiancée. 他不敢见女朋友。

（三）can，may，must三者用法比较

can，may，must是三个最重要的情态动词，其基本句型如下：

肯定句：主语+can，may，must +动词原形

否定句：主语+can，may，must +not +动词原形

疑问句：Can，May，Must +主语+动词原形

1. can，may，must的肯定句

You may eat lunch，but you must wash your hands.

你可以吃饭，但是你必须洗手。

（1）can

a.表示能力；能，会

She can run fast，but I can't.

她很会跑，但是我不会。

b.表示可能；能够

I can get there in ten minutes.

我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。

（表示一种可能性）

c.表示允许；许可

You can use this dictionary.

你可以用这本字典。

d.can和be able to比较

can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态。

can（could）表示能力时，可用be able to代替。

I can（=am able to）pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。

He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。

（2）may

a.表示请求、许可

May I borrow your pen？

我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗？

b.可能、或许

Tomorrow I may go shopping.

明天，我可能（或许）去商店买东西。

He might be our new teacher.

他或许是我们的新老师。

（3）must

a.必须、应该（表示有做某一动作的必要或义务）

You must buy a ticket.

你必须买一张票。

b.一定、准是（表示有把握的判断或推测，一般只用于肯定句中）

在You must这一句型中，它的意思与祈使句相同。

You must get up early. =Get up early.

你必须早起。

You must study hard. =Study hard.

你必须用功读书。

He must be our new teacher.

他肯定是我们的新老师。

2.表示推测的用法

can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测，其用法如下：

a．could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can ,may。

b．can ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。

句型：主语+ can't , couldn't +be +动词ing．（否定句）

Can ,Could +主语+be +动词ing．（疑问句）

They can't be cleaning the room now．他们现在不可能在打扫房间。

c．may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。

句型：主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词-ing

（表示对现在发生动作的推测）

He must be sleeping . 他现在肯定在睡觉。

d．但如果上述这些词(must ,can't… ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night .

地是湿的；昨天晚上肯定下雨了。

There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .

地面上一个水滴都没有，昨天不可能下雨了。

（四）have to的用法

1. have（has）to +动词原形

have（has）to后面要用动词原形。当主语为第三人称单数时用has to，当句子是过去时用had to。

We have to leave now.

我们不得不现在就离开。

He has to work on Sunday.

他不得不在周日工作。

I had to do my homework last Sunday.

上周日，我不得不做作业。

2. have to的否定句

句型：主语+don't（doesn't, didn’t, will not）have to+动词原形

You don't have to walk so fast.

你不必走那么快。

He will not have to buy a new coat next year.

明年，他没必要买新外衣了。

3. have to的疑问句

句型：Do（Does, Did, Will）+主语+have to +动词原形？

Do you have to study maths now？

你现在必须学数字吗？

Yes，I do.是的，必须学。

No，I don't（have to）。不，不必学。

Did he have to ask the question？

他非要问那个问题吗？

Yes，he did.是的。

No，he didn't（have to）.不。

4. must与have to比较

must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，have to侧重于客观上的必要。如果用于过去时态或将来时态时，则要用have to的相应时态来代替must。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

My brother was very ill，so I had to call for the doctor in the middle of the night.

我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（一般过去时）

I haven't got any money with me，so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.

我身上没有钱，只好向朋友借点了。（一般将来时）

He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。

二、虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的意愿、假设、猜测或建议。虚拟语气不表示客观存在的事实，谓语动词用特殊的形式表示虚拟语气。

从句主句

过去式(be和were) would (should、could)+ 动词原形

例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isn’t hungry.)

从句主句

had + 过去分词would (should、could) + have +过去分词

例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didn’t catch the bus.)

从句主句

动词过去式

would (should、could) + 动词原形

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them about it. (In fact, they won’t come tomorrow。) 4．动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词可用过去式、过去完成式或would、might加原形。例如：I wish I were as strong as you.

He wished I would stay with us.

She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.

5．在有些动词如：suggest、insist、order等动词后，从句谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略。例如：

He suggested that we (should) discuss the problem right now.

6．在有些句型中如：It is important (necessary、natural、strange等) + that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：

It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.

7．在It is time that, I would rather that句式中从句谓语动词用过去式。例如：It is time we went to bed.

I would rather he came next week.

第二节实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

（一）情态动词

1、情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化。

2、含有情态动词的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词，只需要将情态动词置于主语前，或在情态动词后加上not。

例如：Must I write a letter to cheer him up?

You needn’t wait for me.

3、情态动词的过去式，例如can—could，may—might。但是少数情态动词只有过去式，例

如used to表示过去常常。must的过去式往往用had to代替。

4、情态动词后还可接不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。

例如：He can’t be doing his homework now. 他现在不可能在做功课。

He must have attended the meeting last night. 昨晚他一定参加了会议。

（二）虚拟语气

1、在if条件句中，如果含有were , should或had等助动词，if可以省去，句子用倒装。

例如：Were I you , I would buy this reference book.

2、should与would都可以用于if条件句的主句中，但should一般只用于第一人称，would

用于所有人称。

例如：If you were here , I would tell you the news .

3、某些条件可以用介词短语without… , but for 等来表示。

例如：Without your help , I could not have succeeded in passing the exam .

4、有时句子通过but或otherwise等词来表示真实与虚拟的转换，在这种情况下，只有不真

实的部分用虚拟式。

例如：I was ill yesterday；otherwise I would have played football with you .

But for the heavy rain , we would have gone to the concert .

5、有suggest等词的相应的名词组成的同位语从句及表语从句用虚拟式。

例如：I accepted my mother’s suggestion that I should eat an apple every day .

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.

A. mus tn’t

B. shan’t

C. shouldn’t

D. needn’t

答案：C

【解析】根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测，用should或ought to，常译成“按理应该…”或“可能会……”。shouldn’t是其否定形式。

例2、—Is John coming by train?

—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

答案为D。

【解析】come, go, leave, start等趋向动词的进行时表示将来时，所以答语是对这一将来

动作做出的推断。may not“可能不；不一定”，根据he likes driving his car可以看出John

可能乘火车来，也可能自己开车来。may not正好符合这一语境。must not“不准”；cannot “不可能”；need not“不必”。

例3、It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn't have fallen

B. had not fallen

C. should fall

D. were to fall

答案为B。

【解析】根据句意和I would be doing可以判断这是虚拟语气。at the age of seven 是表

示过去的时间状语，if从句中的谓语要用had not fallen，表示对过去情况的假设。由于主

句中的谓语表示对现在的虚拟，条件句中的谓语表示对过去情况的虚拟，增加了试题的难题，但是，使用排除法可以容易地做出该题：should fall 和were to fall都可以用于条件句

中表示对将来的虚拟；wouldn't have fallen不用于条件句中，所以都不能作为答案。译文：如果我不在七岁时就迷恋上了我们家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，我真不能想象我今天会做

什么。

例4、You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady.

A. might

B. need

C. should

D. would

答案为C。

【解析】should用于表示感情，意向等句中的that从句，表示“竟然……，居然……”的惊讶，出乎意料。译文：你难以想象一位行为体面的绅士会对一位女士那么粗鲁。

例5、What would have happened ________, as far as up to the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther

B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther

D. if Bob walked farther

答案为C。

【解析】因为主句的谓语动词用了would have happened，所以从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。在虚拟语气中，如果条件状语从句中的if省略，该句要倒装。译文：如果鲍勃走得远一点，走到岸边，会发生什么事呢?

例6、Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ________it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

A. can

B. should

C. may

D. must

答案为A。

【解析】can表示可能性的推测，常用于疑问句或否定句中；may表“可能性”常用于肯定句或否定句中；must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定……”的意思。注意：can not表示“不可能”，而may not表示“或许不……可能不……”，两者语气上有区别。译文：布什先生按时做好一切事。他来参加开幕式迟到了可能会是什么样的情景呢?

例7、My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _________ your lecture.

A. couldn't have attended

B. needn't have attended

C. mustn't have attended

D. shouldn't have attended

答案为A。

【解析】“情态动词+不定式完成式”有各自的含义。must have done表示对过去事情

的肯定推测，多用于肯定句中；needn't have done表示过去本不必做的事情；shouldn't have done表示过去做了不该做的事情；can't (couldn't) have done表示对过去的否定性推测，意为“不可能”。所提供的情境My sister met him at the Grand 表示他不可能参加讲座。

例8、He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_________ a goal.

A. had scored

B. scored

C. would score

D. would have scored

答案为D。

【解析】根据otherwise可以判断出要用虚拟语气。表示过去发生的事要用would have scored。译文：在踢球前他犹豫了一会儿，否则他就会射中球门。

例9、Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I _______ so much fried chicken just now.

A. shouldn't eat

B. mustn't have eaten

C. shouldn't have eaten

D. mustn't eaten

答案为C。

【解析】just now是表示过去的时间状语。情态动词在表示过去发生的事时，必须用“情态动词+have+过去分词的形式”。所以只能在选项B或C中确定答案。mustn't have eaten

是一个错误选项，因为“mustn't+动词”表示“禁止”，不表示判断或推测。译文：噢，我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。

例10、I was really anxious about you .You_________ home without a word.

A. mustn't leave

B. shouldn't have left

C. couldn't have left

D. needn't leave

答案为B。

【解析】should' t have done表示本来不应该做而做了，含责备意味。译文：我真为你着急，你不应该不说一句话就离开了家。另外注意mustn't+动词表示“禁止”。

第三节巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. —Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?

—No, it _______ be him . I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.

A. can't

B. must not

C. won't

D. may not

2.You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn't to come

B. don't need come

C. don't need coming

D. needn't come

3. He you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given

B. might give

C. may have given

D. may give

4. —I help you with some shoes, madam?

—Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.

A. Will

B. Should

C. May

D. Must

5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.

A. had

B. had to

C. must

D. might

6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.

A. left

B. have left

C. might have left

D. could have left

7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was

ringing.

A. could have fallen

B. should have fallen

C. must have fallen

D. mustn't have fallen

8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to

their school.

A. can

B. must

C. have to

D. ought to

9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.

A. need not

B. must not

C. need

D. can’t

10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.

A. can

B. could

C. should

D. would

11. What we get seems better than what we have.

A. can

B. could

C. can't

D. couldn't

12. —My goodness! I've just missed the train.

—That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.

A. could have caught

B. had caught

C. would catch

D. could catch

13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.

A. may be

B. had to

C. should have been

D. would be

14. I repeat the question?

A. Shall

B. Will

C. Do you want that

D. Do

15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!

A. Do

B. Will

C. Shall

D. Are

16. You read that book if you don't want to.

A. haven't

B. can't

C. mustn't

D. needn't

17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.

A. won't… can't

B. can't…shouldn't

C. shouldn't…must

D. mustn't…may

18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.

A. must

B. need

C. can

D. should

19. —There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.

—It a comfortable journey.

A. can't be

B. shouldn't be

C. couldn't have been

D. mustn't have been

20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told

B. tell

C. be telling C. having told

21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting?

A. Can

B. Must

C. Should

D. Shall

22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It .

A. must be stolen

B. may be stolen

C. must have stolen

D. must have been stolen

23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.

A. must have finished

B. need have finished

C. finished

D. should have finished

24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .

A. mustn't have failed

B. may not have failed

C. needn't have failed

D. shouldn't have failed

25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?

A. May

B. Should

C. Could

D. Would

26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.

A. will…can

B. may…can

C. may…dare

D. dare…can

27. —Must we finish the composition in class?

—No, you .

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. won't

D. shouldn't

28. Her eyes were red. She .

A. must cry

B. must be cried

C. must have been crying

D. may cry

29. Mary his letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received

B. must receive

C. couldn't have received

D. shouldn't have received

30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.

A. had to write it out

B. must have written it out

C. should have written it out

D. ought to write it out

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.

A. had been

B. has been

C. were

D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.

A. has been

B. was

C. is

D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he an elephant.

A. lifts

B. is lifting

C. lifted

D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he it himself.

A. had seen

B. has seen

C. saw

D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.

A. woke

B. wakes

C. would wake

D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do

B. don’t

C. didn’t

D. didn’t do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t

B. didn’t have had

C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have

38. He insisted that the sky ____ clear up the following day.

A. would

B. should

C.／

D. be

39. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved

B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved

D. had not been achieved

40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .

A. may have

B. will have

C. would have

D. might have

41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes

B. took

C. has taken

D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant

______ all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has

B. will have

C. should have

D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. would have come

D. had come

44. I must say he reads ve ry well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up

B. takes up

C. have taken up

D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.

A. would tell

B. will tell

C. have told

D. would have told

46. I hadn’t expected Hen ry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him to call me up

B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up

D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends

B. spent

C. would spend

D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science.

A. will become

B. became

C. would become

D. becomes

49. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.

A. do

B. didn’t do

C. don’t

D. didn’t

50. —Did you blame the accident on him alone ?

—Yes, but I ______so .

A. would rather not do

B. shouldn’t do

C. shouldn’t have done

D. better have not done

第五章情态动词和虚拟语气

1. A

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. A 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. D 22. D 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. C

本资料来源于《七彩教育网》7caiedu

情态动词和虚拟语气在高考大纲中的要求是学习资料

情态动词与虚拟语气 (1)情态动词的基本用法：①can与be able to的区别；②must与have to的区别；③shall的用法；④should的用法；⑤used to与would的用法；⑥may与might 的用法；⑦need与dare的用法； (2)情态动词表推测：①对现在和将来情况的推测；②对过去情况的推测； (3)虚拟语气的用法：①条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but for, without, otherwise等)；②wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；③if only, as if/though, would rather, It's high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；④表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟从句中的虚拟语气。 注意几个考点： must“非得，偏要”, 用于疑问句或条件从句中； shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等； should“竟然” cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好” May you succeed！祝你成功！ may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如” must强调主观方面的必须否定形式是needn't/don't have to have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情 would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义 ※shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以散散步吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。 —Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.[摘自2011·陕西高考] ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？ ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ※should的用法 (1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 (2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。 It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。

情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。

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@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *

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情态动词与虚拟语气 常考考点一情态动词+have done 情态动词+have done 表示对过去的虚拟

1.I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.Shouldn’t ’t ’t ’t 2.Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. ’t ’t ’t ’t , Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. -----Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 、 ’t ’t

have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 5. He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. express B. would express have expressed have expressed 6. -----I’m sorry. I at you the other day. ------Forget it, I was a bit out of control myself. ’t shout ’t have shouted is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday. # -------You it in the wrong place. A.must put B. should have put put have put 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. have taken have taken ’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. ’t ’t ’t ’t did you do on the driving test ---------Not so well. I much better, but I was too nervous. do have done ’t have done D. should do

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专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句

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一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could

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情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：

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Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope

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要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。

,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法

【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to

情态动词和虚拟语气

谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to

5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。

高考英语 情态动词及虚拟语气

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“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？

高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气讲义

第五章情态动词和虚拟语气 一、情态动词的语法特征 (1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 (2)情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 (3)情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 (4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词、动名词等形式。 二、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，多半不是事实，或与事实相反。 高考重点要求： 1、情态动词的基本用法 2、情态动词表示推测的语义差别 3、情态动词后接不定式完成体的不同意义 4、虚拟语气中情态动词的用法 第一节知识点概述 一、情态动词 （一）情态动词种类 1. can表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”、“技能”或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“可能性”, 但表示人的体力或智力的具体动作时须用be able to . He was able to do that without any help.他不需要任何帮助就能完成这项工作。 2. may表示“允许，可以”，相当于be allowed to . may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是……的为好” You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。 You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。 3. must表示“必须”或“应当”、“一定”。 4. have to 加动词原形，表示“不得不”，“必须”，它比must更强调客观。 Tom had to work into the deep night every day to earn a living. 汤姆为了生计每天都得工作到深夜。 5. should 表示“劝告”，“建议”或“义务”时，译作“应当”，或表示“预测”和“可能”。 He should take care of his parents as they are old enough not to live on themselves. 由于父母亲老了，不能自理，他应当照顾他们。 He should be there now. 他应该在那儿。 should have done在虚拟语气中表示“责备或后悔”。 6. ought ，只有一种形式，且ought后必须加to，然后跟接动词原形表示“有义务”或“必要”做某事，译为“应当，应该”。 7. dare 可以用作情态动词，后面跟不带to的动词不定式，这主要用于否定句中，它本