动词的时态与语态备考要点

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动词的时态与语态备考要点

作者：王正勋

来源：《高中生·高考指导》2013年第07期

一、考查有时间标志词时，动词时态在特定语境下的运用

In order to find the missing child，villagers _____ all they can over the past five hours.

A. did

B. do

C. had done

D. have been doing

解析：答案为D。over the past five hours 常与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，因此选D。过去完成时表示过去的过去，不符合语境。

The three of us _____ around Europe for about a month last summer.

A. travelled

B. have travelled

C. had travelled

D. travel

解析：答案为A。last summer表示过去，与一般过去时连用，因此选A。

【备考要点】同学们应熟记下列九种常用时态所对应的时间状语标志词。

1.一般现在时：often，usually，seldom，every day，sometimes，every few years等。

2.现在进行时：now，right now，at present，at this moment，these days，always等。

3.现在完成时：just，recently，lately，up to/till now，so far，by now，ever since，in the recent days等。

4.现在完成进行时：for +一段时间，since +一段时间，over the last few months等。

5.一般过去时：the other day，then，at that time，yesterday，in the past，last night/year等。

6.过去进行时：at that time，at this time yesterday，at 6 p.m. yesterday，all the morning yesterday，then等。

7.过去完成时：before，by the end of last year，since+一段时间，for+一段时间等。

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1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer.

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英语动词的时态和语态

动词的时态和语态 一、.英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态或被动语态，或语法规定的其他情况。 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分 二、动词的时态 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常

用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。 1、一般现在时 结构：do/does have/has be(am/is/are) 标志语：often，always，usually，sometimes,never,every day ,in +时间段，等。 （1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示主语的身份和特征 a. He goes to school every day. b. He is a student/handsome. (2)表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. (3)少数动词用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情。此类动词有begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等 The train leaves at 8:50. The meeting begins at seven. b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. （4) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。常考的此类从句有：as soon as，until，if和when引导的从句。 a. If you come this a fternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When he graduates, I’ll go to coun tryside. 2.一般过去时 结构：did 标志语：yesterday，the day before yesterday，...ago，last..., in 1998 (1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. (2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. ※”used to “表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。 “be used to”+名词（动名词）”表示“习惯于….. a. I am used to the climate here. b. He is used to swimming in winter. （3）在具体的语境中表示“刚刚；刚才”，而暗含“现在不那样了”。 Oh, it’s you, John. I didn’t know you were here. 3.一般将来时 结构：will do、shall do、be (is、am、are) going to do 标志语：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next...，in + 时间段，in 2010等 （1）表示将来的动作或状态 We will travel Beijing tomorrow. （2）几种表达将来的区别 1）“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划或打算要发生的动作或者按迹象要发生的事情。We are going to have a meeting today. It’s going to rain. “be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work? “be about to“+ 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We were about to leave when it rained. （3）go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。

初中英语动词时态和语态讲解(二)

初中英语动词时态和语态讲解（二） 4. 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如： a.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 b.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： a.Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 b.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 3）在时间或条件句中。例如： a.When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 b.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如： a.I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 b.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 5. 用现在进行时表示将来 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如： a.I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 b.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ 6. 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have（has）+过去分词。 重点：比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： a.I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） b.I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） c.Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） d.Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） e.He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） f.He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

初中高中英语八大时态语态

初中英语八大时态语态总复习 一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays(=every Sunday) , etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.