高考英语短文改错解题技巧

高考英语短文改错解题技巧（1）

一、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型

1、谓语动词的时态和语态

2、句子结构和句子完整性

3、名词单复数及主谓一致问题

4、上下文语意和代词

5、介词固定搭配

6、固定（习惯）用法

7、形容词和副词是否误用及其比较等级是否正确；

8、冠词。取舍与选择是否正确

9、连词和从句引导词

10、非谓语动词的形式是否正确

短文改错口诀

短文改错要做好，常见类型要记牢。

名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”，“多”，“少”。

动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。

连，代，形，副错一样，多是故意来混淆。

介词多半考搭配，多，漏，误用想周到。

句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。语法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。

二、命题趋势

词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑，

1.一致关系：包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。

2.平行结构：包括动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配等。常由并列连词或词组连接。如：and， or ， but，neither…nor…, as well as 等.

3.非谓语动词的用法：如to的省略，过去分词与现在分词的误用等。

4．多余词：常常是介词、副词等的多余。

5．词性的混用。

6．行文逻辑判断等。

注意：所改内容应最贴近原文；可改可不改的，按不改对待。

三、短文改错错误类型:

（一）词法的测试

1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。

eg: 1）I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.

Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football 是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。

2）Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise 作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词，这里要用名词形式。

3）Reading books is one of my hobby.

one of 后的名词应用复数形式。

2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和

前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。

1）He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.

前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.

2）This is the best film which I have ever seen.

先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。

3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a（n）却用了the.

1）I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…

letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.

2） I like playing the football. 去the

3） He is a honest boy. a改为an

4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，

介词惯用词组等是否正确。

1） I am writing to thank you with your kind help.

thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.

2）…I’m the happiest in all.

此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.

3） Under the help of my father,

I … under 改为 with

4） He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on

5. 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。

1） I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名词

2）These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.（NMET2007）

此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier 应改为 happiest.

3） You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.

4） These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰

6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题。平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…,

n either …nor…, as well as等。

1）As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.

由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。

2）The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.

根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，

所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。

7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。

1）动词的时态、语态错误

a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.

take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.

b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.

根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。

c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.

playing改为 play; for 改为with

2）易混动词使用错误

a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.

persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句he

didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded 为 advised.

b. You please rise your hands.

rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用

raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。

3）非谓语动词使用错误

a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.

look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see 改为seeing.

b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffi

c.

在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.;

keep sb. （sth）.doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.

c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.

to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.

8. 词语固定搭配:

主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。

1） My teacher advised me to keep my diary.

keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.

2） In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.

To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

3）I thought that was dull to watch a game…（NMET2005）

此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。

4）…the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：

not only… but also…为固定结构，故将and 改为but.

5） I have no difficulty learn maths.

have difficulty （in） doing sth.为固定结构

6） He spends too much time play games.

spend some time （in） doing sth.为固定结构

（二）句法的测试：

1. 主谓语在数上的一致；

I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is

2. 名词性从句；

A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that 是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。

3. 定语从句；

This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.

them改为 which

4. 强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who…

It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that

5. 句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。

（三）语篇的测试语篇的测试包括：

1.上下文中的时态是否一致；

2.上下文中的代词是否一致；

3.上下文中的逻辑是否一致；

4.上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。

四、复习建议：

除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：1.在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。

（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先

改好

（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇（详见考查要点）角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。

（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。

改错真题

1.（2011?陕西卷）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I

came across a crew make a new film with one of my favorite actor. I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get . Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn’t be seen everywhere. I

was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck-not only did I had my photo

taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!

2.（2011?全国II）短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

Dear George,

It's been a week after we left your family and we are now 76._______

back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 77.______

your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 78._______

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1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house and a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you!

高考英语一轮复习短文改错热点突破与真题跟踪练

高考英语一轮复习短文改错热点突破与真题跟踪练 热点考向 短文改错中的一致性原则所涉及的内容包括：主谓一致性原则、时态一致性原则、代词指代一致性原则。 热点1主谓一致性原则 (1)把握好名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致性。 (2)注意当名词性从句、动名词(短语)或不定式(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词多用单数。 (3)重视主语后跟的连接词。 (4)注意某些限定词修饰的名词作主语时的主谓一致性。 热点2时态一致性原则 (1)多个谓语动词并列时，其时态必须保持一致。 (2)主从复合句的时态一致性： 在状语从句中，大多数情况下主从句前后的时态要保持一致；但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句为将来时态时，从句用现在时表将来。在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词用现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语动词可用任何时态；若主句谓语动词用过去时，则从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的某种过去时态，但从句所表述的内容是普遍存在的客观真理时，从句仍用现在时。 热点3代词指代一致性原则 要注意上下文中的代词指代应前后一致，若前面是the woman，则其后的代词就是she，her，hers等。 解题原则 在解答短文改错题时，考生要遵循以下原则： (1)保持原意原则 短文改错只是要求考生对其中的用词错误和句法错误进行修改和更正，而不是改变文章或者作者所表达的意思、语气和上下文逻辑关系，也不用调整句子顺序和结构等。 (2)改动最少原则

做短文改错题时每处错误只能在一个词上进行改动。通常有：在错词下画线并在其下面写出正确的词；将多余的词划掉；在缺词处画个漏字符号并在其下面写出要加的词。 (3)改动实词、添加或删除虚词原则 根据近几年高考分析，对实词的处理一般为改变形式而不是改变其词义，也不能改用另一个实词，更不能随意增减；而添加或删除的多半是冠词、介词、关系词等。 (4)简洁规范原则 考生必须使用规定符号去答题，而不能用文字去表达。有时有些考生不仅答题不规范，没有把错误的改成正确的，而且把正确的反而给改错了，这样就不能得分。 解题步骤 步骤1抓住主线，确定时态 通读语篇、抓住主线、贯穿全文是顺利完成短文改错的关键所在。动词是语句的核心，确定基本时态、前后比对是解决动词问题的法宝。一篇短文的基本时态若确定了，要确定动词的相关形式也就有章可循了。 步骤2整句理解，分行斟酌 短文改错的命题形式一般是给出一篇短文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。也就是说，短文改错是以“句”为阅读单位的。这就要求考生在解题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正误。 步骤3前后贯通，复读检查 有的错误比较隐蔽，只靠一遍阅读是很难发现的，这时必须做到前后贯通，复读检查，考生要根据平时所积累的词汇、语法和惯用法知识及语感，检查修改后的文章是否通顺。在复读过程中，既要重视词汇、句子的字面含义，又要弄清上下文的内在逻辑。 步骤4规范解答，注意细节 在短文改错答题过程中，考生应严格按照试题要求进行规范答题。如“”、“∧”、“\”分别代表错词标记、缺词标记以及多词删除标记。另外，错词、缺词时答案均要求写在正下方，避免过失性失分。 解题技巧 1．坚持三个原则、做到三个不改