大学英语基础写作

大学英语基础写作

大学英语几种常用文体

1.书信作文：

事务信函（business letter）和私人信函（personal letter）

2.应用文：

便条（病假条，事假条，邀友来访，借物，订票，留言），请柬，单据，启示，海报，通知（凌茜p110）

3.图表作文：

●常考查的图：餠型图，曲线图，条形图，数据图

●图表作文常用的展开模式

●图表作文常用的表达方式

●图表作文常用的句型

●范文分析

(是文涛p91)

4.留学申请写作

●个人陈述Personal Statements

●推荐信Letters of Recommendation

●简历resumes

●与外国大学的联系信及自述信和签证申诉信

5.CET4，CET6写作

●写作要求，命题规律及评分标准

●主题句

●段落展开：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法

●语篇：结构模式和衔接方法

●CET4,CET6作文分类讲解及范文分析：

论说文的结构

论说文的类型

(是文涛p91)

6.学术交流英语

●SCI 写作规范

●Research report and essay

教学安排

十一周：概况

十二周：书信作文，应用文

十三——十七周：CET4作文，图表作文及练习

十八周：留学申请写作

十九周：学术英语，考试

CET4，CET6写作

一．语段

1.语段的结构：

Developing Sentence 1(扩展句)

Topic sentence (主题句) ----Developing Sentence 2(扩展句) ---- Terminator(结论句)

Developing Sentence 3(扩展句)

2.写好主题句

一个好的主题句必须满足以下基本特征：

●高度的概括性

●主题思想表达明确

●能使读者预测其段落的发展方式

●一般应该是一个观点，想法或意见等

分析下列的例子：

1）It is very necessary to be a good university students. (议论主题句)

2）There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student. (说明体的主题句)

3）What I will do in the future is the following. (描述体的主题句)

根据要求写出主题句

1）Please write about Study Habits

2）Please write about College Life

3）Please write about Your hobby

扩展下列主题句

例如这样的一篇作文：Good Health

a.Importance of good health

b.Ways to keep fit

c.My own practice (是P59)

3. 段落展开

主题句是陈述段落的中心思想。因此，段落的展开（paragraph development）也就是主题句的展开。展开的方式有多种，如：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法等。

列举法常用词语：first/second/third/last; firstly/secondly/finally; to begin with/to start with/inthefirstplace/then/next/in addition to/besides/also/moreover/furthermore/what’s more

以下有3篇短文的题目，请用顺序排列法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Many people now prefer to live in the countryside. The main reasons are…

b.Watching TV at home is better than going out to a movie

c.Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life

Making a good impression at an American dinner party is not difficult if you

Follow these instructions. First,you should buy a small gift, such as flowers, candy, or wine for your host or hostess.Second,arrive on time. If the dinner engagement is for 7:00, don’t arrive after 7:00 without telephone.Next,during dinner, be sure to thank your host orhostess on the meal. After you finishing eating, you should not stay more than a few hours. Finally, thank your host or hostess for the dinner when you leave.

比较对照法常用连接词（transitions for Comparison and Contrast）

Similar to; like; different from; compared with; unlike; more… than…

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用比较对照法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Advantages and disavantages of living on your own and living with your family

b.Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs

因果推理法

表结果的连接词：as a result; thus; hence; accordingly; therefore; consequently; then; so;

表原因的连接词：because; for; as; since ; owing to

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用因果推理法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Migrant workers enter big cities

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2515663765.html,nd shortage in China

分类法

常用的分类表达形式有：divide A into…classify A into…group A into…There are…kinds (groups, categories, sorts, types, classes, sections)

请用分类法的发展方式完成下列题目，每篇要求80字左右：

Write about the different kinds of universities and colleges in China. Suggested words:

Leading university, provincial key university, local college, comprehensive, science and engineering, foreign language, humanities, public, private.

举例法

常用的引出例证的词有：for example, for instance, for another example, one example is … another example is… to illustrate.

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用举例法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：a. Give one or two examples to show the conveniences the modern communication

means have brought to us.

b. Give some examples to prove the saying “Haste makes waste” in English language learning.

综合法

综合使用两种或两种以上写扩展句的方法，称为综合法。

以下这段使用了定义，例证，对比和比较等方法。

Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning, For example, the words “stingy”and “frugal”both mean “careful with money.” However, to call a person stingy is an insult, while the word

frugal has a much more positive connotation. Similarly, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pussy. Therefore, you should careful in choosing words because many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all.

运用综合法将下列主题句发展成80字以上短文：

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2515663765.html,puter are playing an important role in modern education.

b.People in different cultures can communicate with each other.

c.I don’t think that examination can determine everything.

4.扩展段的承启方式(ling P8)

扩展段是主题句的延伸，是作文的主体部分，必须紧扣作文主题。一段由一个以上的段落组成，即使只有一个段落，也应该比开头和结尾部分长，否则将失去平衡。主体段落分别论述文章中心主题的某个方面，每个段落的主题必须欲文章的主题相呼应，每个段落都必须保持文章的整体性和连贯性。

（1.）以“举例式”展开段落

Laying-off also bring us some advantages. For example, when a company lays off a number of people, it means that the company will get more profits than ever. As another instance, if a laid-off worker wants to get a newjob, he ought to learn some kind of skill for future use. This action will pave the way for success in another. （2.）以“因果式”展开段落

T here are two major reason for the change in people’s diet. For one thing, with the improvement in the living standard, people can afford to buy much more expensive food with better nutrition. For another, people now pay more attention to the quality of diet, because they know it is of great benefit to their health to diet in a scientific way. Therefore, they try their best to improve the structure their food. （3.）以“递进式”展开段落

I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways. Nor do I teach bebecause I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. In the first place, I teach because I like the pace of the acdemic calendar, which offers an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.Besides, I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. Moreover,I teach because I can ask questions that students struggle to answer. What’s more,I teach because I can find ways of getting myself and students out of the ivory tower into the real society. （4.）以“列举式”展开段落

Traveling benefits us in many ways. First, it is instructive. People can learn a lot about the culture and history of the place they visit. Second, it offers fun. Career people are tired of pressures brought by the quickening pace of modern life. By seeing the beautiful landscape of our motherland and our countries, we get relaxed.Third, traveling offers challenge and opportunities of cultivating good character, such as independence, courage and strong-mindeness. So more and morepeople are going out to visit the world.

（5.）以“比较式”展开段落

（6.）以“对照式”展开段落

（7.）以“时间标志词式”展开段落

The Effects of Exercise on Our Health（分析建议类）

? 1 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的益处。

? 2. 分析体育锻炼给我们带来的坏处。

? 3. 给出如何参加体育锻炼的建议。

1) As is known to all, exercise does bring a lot of benefits to our health.

2) First, it can greatly strengthen our hearts, lungs, bones and muscles,

thereby changing our whole health for the better. 3) Besides, it can make

our brains better able to react to what is going on around us. 4) And best

of all, it can help us breed optimism about our tough life

5) But all the above does not mean that we can turn a blind eye to the

negative effects exercise brings about. 6) If you are normally inactive and then, contrary to your usual habit, start a program of undue exercise, as a succession of scientific

studies reveals, there are more chances that you have yourself injured.

7) In addition, the more exercise those on a fat-reducing diet take, the more

loss of iron they will suffer and the worse their health will get. 8) And

worst of all, continual as well as excessive exercise can result in sudden death.

9) Therefore, a scientific approach must be adopted to the problem of exercise.

10)On the one hand,our physical exercise must be based on both progressiveness and regularity. 11) On the other, we must go in for physical exercise according to local as well as health conditions of our own. 12) In sum, exercise can do us good or harm, all depending on how we make use of it.

With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard,in cities, many people tend to raise pets. Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous. They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas. However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.

Firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us. As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe. They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them. Dogs are people’s honest friends. Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people. Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely. Also children are pleased while playing with pets. They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.

To sum up, Pets give us much happiness. I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it. I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.

With the rapid improvement of people’s living standard,in cities, many people tend to raise pets. Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous.

They say that raising pets should be banned in urban areas. However, personally I think the merits of raising pets outweigh its demerits.

Firstly,pets like dogs can be a guard for us. As we know, dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of its owners safe. They can send out warning to those burglars who attempt to break into the house, and sometimes even fight against them. Dogs are people’s honest friends. Secondly,pets like dogs are good fellows of people. Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely. Moreover,s ome young women usually keep their favorite pets to show off their wealth.Also children are pleased while playing with pets. They can learn how to look after others by raising pets.

On the other hand, the critics decry that pets like dogs are dangerous to people, especially to children. They point out that many people have the experience of being bitten by dogs. But I believe that it is not the responsibility of dogs. Indeed, it is the duty of their owners who deliberately train their dogs to attack people. As for the dirtiness of the dogs, the owners should also take the responsibily, because they are too lazy to give baths to the dogs.

To sum up, Pets give us much happiness. I would say that the benefits of raising pets carry more weight than the harms of it. I also wish to suggest that the owners should take much care of their pets.

大学英语三级常考作文类型及句型

给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup 英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说，如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独，太寂寞，没有办法坚持，好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后，自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学，坚持不停地说和练，由于是付费群，群里的成员学习氛围非常强，每天的训练度都非常猛，本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了，不由自主地被带动起来参与操练，不好意思偷懒，别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你，Empty Your Cup英语微信群(进群加维新 601332975)可以彻底治好你的拖延症，里面学员都非常友好，总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励，让你学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志，因为每天都在运用，你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升，现在可以随便给一个话题，都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点，想提高英语口语的 可以加入进来，It really works very well. 加入纯英语微信群的20大特别理由 1,加群可以每天拥有正能量 2,加群可以彻底攻克英语口语 3,加群可以不断结识高端人脉 4,加群可以每天不断突破自我 5,加群可以每天保持精神亢奋 6,加群可以彻底改变你的命运 7,加群可以每天给自己大脑充值 8,加群可以让自己每天不断进步 9,加群可以彻底激发你的无限潜能 10,加群可以让你持续性的终身学习 11,加群可以让你随时随地的学英语 12,加群可以让你拥有无穷的个人魅力 13,加群可以让你战胜自卑，突破自我 14,加群可以借助群体的力量壮大自己 15,加群可以让自己的核心竞争力不断增加 16,加群可以跟着群里的口语大咖一起学习 17,加群可以让你脱胎换骨变成有影响力的人 18,加群可以加入成功的氛围，融入成功的环境 19,加群可以和群里牛人交流分享学习经验心得 20,加群可以实现内部绝密资源共享，共同进步

现代大学英语第二版精读2 unit 1 课文翻译

Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say "All right, teach me something." Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. "Look," he said, "I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff" And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. 给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院 毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. It would not mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training 虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。我本来可以指出，他考 入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around long enough for it to matter. twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep." 但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在 你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。但平均每天24小时会保持不变。在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。 "Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school —or engineering, or law school, or client doesn't go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic

现代大学英语第二版第二册课后翻译

我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的。我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题，因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对这些问题。 It was wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens. 随着时间的推移，我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务。而冲突必然会发生，因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益。 As time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exists different views and interests among nations 我们为我们的成就而骄傲，我们有理由感到骄傲。但是我们永远不能变得狂妄，不然我们就会失去我们的朋友。 We are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends. 信息现在唾手可得。一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息。 Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library. 那家建筑公司没有资格操作这个项目。他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术。我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司。 That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres. 这些智囊团不作决策。他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析。These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers. 国内生产总值不是一切。如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善的话，我们国家就不能说已经现代化了。 The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people?s lives is really improved. 虽然那时候我们在很多方面都很困难，但作为孩子我们仍然幸福，因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹，黄鳝；田野里有花，有树，有鸟。 Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.

大学英语写作万能句子

大学英语四级写作万能句子 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers ，however ，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays ，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides ，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception ，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People ’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people ，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph ，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously ，______，but why? （二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary ，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time ，they say____. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example ，____.Worst of all ，___. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First ，

精读unit现代大学英语第二版课后练习答案附带课文翻译

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