专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit9词汇及课后答案

Unit Nine

Parenting

Word Bank

(academy->Police Academy) academic: adj. of a school, especially of higher learning; of scholarly (scholarship奖学金，助学金) performance学校的，学院的，学术的

affirm: v. to assert; confirm断言，证实，承认

(aggress->aggressor =invader) aggression (aggressive): n. the act of initiating (hostile->) hostilities or invasion侵犯，侵略，挑衅

(anthropology->) anthropologist: n. the scholar who studies the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of human beings人类学家complement: v. to make sth. Complete补充，补足

complementary: adj. completing; supplying mutual needs补充的，补足的

consequence: n. effect; the result to its cause结果，因果关系的

deprive (sb. of sth.): v. to take sth. away from拿走，抢夺

directive: adj. straightforward; serving to direct (->director导演)直接的，指导的(obey->obedient->obedience<->disobey->disobedient) disobedience: n. refusal or failure to obey不服从，不顺从，违抗

distinct: different; clear不同的，明显的

(diverse->) diversity: n. (vary->) variety or multiformity 变化，多样性

enforce(->reinforce): to compel obedience to强制服从或遵守

(exploit->) exploitation: n. the act of employing to the greatest possible advantage 开发，开采，剥削

(expose to->) exposure: n. the act of exposing; influence暴露，受影响

facilitate (=help->facility设备设施): v. to make easy or easier使容易，使便利groom: v. to care for the appearance of; to make neat （tidy）and trim(vt./adj.)使整洁，打扮

hygiene: n. (=sanity) the promotion and preservation of health 卫生

interaction: n. the act or process of interacting相互作用

(intimate->) intimacy: n. the condition of being close in relation亲密

(muscle肌肉->masculine男性的->) masculinity: n. the quality and characteristic of a male男子气，阳刚气

modify: v. to change; to alter变更，修改

monster: n. an imaginary or legendary creature怪物

nurture: v. to nourish, to feed; to educate, to train给…营养，喂养，培养

(object->objective<->subjective) objectivity: n. the state of being objective 客观，客观性

(orient东方的) oriented: adj. directed导向性的

predatory: adj. living by preying on other organisms掠夺的，肉食的

(relate A to B->relation->) relational: adj. of kinship亲属关系的

roughhouse: v. to engage in rowdy behavior or play打闹，殴斗

sheer: adj. complete; absolute; pure 绝对的，完全的，纯粹的

sternly: adv. harshly; severely严厉地，严格地

(sym-=same; pathy=feeling)sympathy(sympathize with sb.): n. sharing the

feelings of another同情，同情心

tickle: v. to touch (the body) lightly so as to cause laughter (笑声) or twitching movements; to tease or excite pleasurably使觉得痒，逗乐

(timid=shy->) timidity (timidate=frighten): n. lack of confidence; fear 胆怯，羞怯

: adv. orally; literally口头上地，言辞地

wrestle: v. to contend by grappling and, attempting to throw摔跤

Phrases and Expressions

cope with: =deal with; to handle处理；应对

due to: owing to由于

have access (通道) to: to have the right to approach, or to make use of接近权；享用权

in terms (术语, 学期) of: in relation to; with reference to根据；按照；就……而言

settle (->settlement) down: to begin living a stable and orderly life; to become less nervous or restless安顿下来；平静

Reading Comprehension

I. Choose the best for each of the following.

1. How can fathers and mothers provide good things to children that same-sex caregivers cannot? ( D )

A. By being adults in their children's lives.

B. By depriving of the benefits found in mothers and fathers

C. By differing parenting styles among people.

D. By cooperating and complementing between mothers and fathers.

2. According to Eleanor Maccoby, ___A__.

A. fathers and mothers teach children differently in dealing with life

B. fathers will not provide warm, nurturing care for an infant

C. mothers teach children the difference between men and women

D. fathers have a distinct style of communication and interaction with children

3. Children who roughhouse with their fathers ( A )

A. learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable

B. learn self-control

C. are more physical and action oriented

D. need mom's softness

4. Which of the following can be categorized as "push limits"? ( D )

A. Expanding experiences and confidence.

B. Yelling "slow down, not so high, not so hard".

C. Causing disagreement between mom and dad.

D. Encouraging kids to climb higher, to ride faster.

5. Girls with involved "married fathers" ( A )

A. are more likely to have healthier relationships with males

B. build emotional security, and safety from other men and women

C. learn what masculinity is

D. cope with life differently

II. Complete the following (sum up求和-> summarize总结, 归纳) summary (小结)

of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.

Children (1) benefit from a mother and father's differing (2) parenting styles. Mothers and fathers bring to their children (3) different values. They are different in their parenting styles, in the way they (4) play with children, and in their (5) communication with children. Fathers (6) provide a look at the world of men; mothers, the world of women. And by (7) cooperating together and complementing each other in their differences they provide good things that same-sex caregivers cannot. Children who have daily (8) access to the different and complementary ways of mothers and fathers will have (9) confidence, independence, and security. They are more likely to have a (10) healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood. Vocabulary

I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.

1. She was ___A__ a normal childhood by the war.

A. deprived of

B. taken away

C. given up

D. got out

2. Roses in a silver bowl ___B__ the handsome (beautiful) cherry table.

A. comparison

B. complement

C. competition

D. compensation

3. Charles Darwin saw in the ___C__ of species (物种) the principles of (evolve->) evolution that operated to generate (=produce) the species: variation, competition and selection.

A. (divide->) division

B. (diverse->) diversion

C. diversity

D. (vary->) variation

4. We (meet->) met on two __B___ occasions. One was an academic conference; the other a party.

A. clear

B. distinct (different)

C. likely(possible)

D. notable (obvious)

5. The Internet, which covers the whole world, is increasing the __A___ of the people on the planet.

A. interaction

B. contract

C. interplay

D. interchange

6. Most vegetables we buy in winter are __C___ in the greenhouse.

A. natured (born to be)

B. cultivated (->culture文化)

C. nurtured (养育)

D. nourished (提供营养)

7. The students protested in front of American consulate (领事馆). They had no motives (动机) but those of ___B__ patriotism (爱国主义).

A. absolute(绝对的)

B. sheer (only纯粹的)

C. pure

D. complete

8. The children ___A__ while (they are) building forts (要塞) with toy bricks (砖).

A. roughhouse (fight)

B. handle

C. (pretense->)pretend

D. behave

9. The building is __D___ south and north.

A. allocated (assign分配)

B. guided (导游)

C. operated (操纵)

D. oriented (取…坐向)

10. His (fail->) failure in business is largely due to __A__.

A. timidity(胆怯)

B. quality(质量)

C. characteristics(特性特征)

D. behavior (行为)

II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

settle down facilitate

modify subtle

consequence verbally sympathy cope with academic instinct

have/has access to sternly

aggression systematically

nurture

1. Chinese national troops are on the alert against any possible aggression.

2. This government has systematically taken actions to renew its economy.

3. Most people have sympathy for the old lady for her (lose->lost->lost->) loss of the only son in the accident

4. He is a (journal=magazine->) journalist (新闻工作者->journalism新闻学) whose subtle views on the hard issues of our time are rooted in a tough mind (heart) and

5. I was (amuse逗人乐->) amazed (surprised) at her ability to cope with the difficult situation.

6. He is one of the few scientists in this military base who have access to the restricted area.

7. By the age of two most children have begun to communicate verbally (=orally).

8. Modern devices such as micro-wave oven facilitate domestic work, and free (vt. set sb. free) people to have more (entertain->) entertainments (娱乐).

9. This university is composed of five academic schools (department系).

10. The industrial revolution modified (alter<->) the whole structure of English-speaking society.

Translation

Put the following paragraph into English.

在只有母亲或只有父亲的家庭里长大的孩子将会极大地缺乏自信、独立及安全

感。这羊的孩子极易出现性别识别错误、性虐待，女孩还易受到其他男人的性侵犯。他们长大成人后，很难对男人或女人有健康认识和尊重。

参考译文:

Children growing up in mother-only or father-only homes will suffer deeply in terms of lack of confidence, independence, and security. Such boys and girls will be at greater risk for gender confusion, abuse and exploitation from other men. They are less likely to have a healthy respect for both women and men as they grow into adulthood. Exercise

Fill in the gaps in the following sentences by using appropriate relative pronouns or adverbs.

1. The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred (moved) to another plane.

2. The language through which this opposition (反对党) gained strength and organization was the key one of freedom and unity, not of oppression.

3. This fighter who loses his cool the first time he is hit will end up flat on his back on the canvas.

4. Science fiction emerges (appears) in this time when these two opposing groups have met and exchanged ideas.

5. The reason why they now charge more is that prices have kept rising.

6. Conservation is the very value that needs to be added to the old values.

7. We must know such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements.

8. The researcher encourages us to reach a state where work is an extension of what we naturally want to do.

9. There are very few but (except) admire his talents.

10. The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.

Exercise

Turn the following sentences into Chinese.

1. Everyone acknowledges that Newton was a great man; yet few have more than the vaguest acquaintance with his living personality.

2. We don't deny that we lag far behind other advanced countries in science.

3. Not infrequently the primary meaning of a word dies away and the derivative meaning

remains.

4. Deprived as he was of the fluency of speech, we did not feel his kindness less.

5. They desire nothing but to enjoy the present moment.

参考译文：

1. 大家承认牛顿是一位伟大的人物，但是很多人对他生前的为人只有一个大概的了解。

2. 我们并不否认我们在科学方面远远落后于其他先进国家。

3. 常常一个词的基本意义消失了，而其它派生意义仍保留。

4. 他虽然丧失了流利说话的能力，我们仍然感受到了他的亲切。

5. 他们只希望今朝有酒今朝醉。

Bonus

Below are some expressions about agriculture.

mechanized farming机械化耕作ranch大农场，牧场

animal husbandry畜牧业horticulture园艺

fruit growing果树栽培organic fertilizer有机肥料compound fertilizer复合肥料cross-breeding杂交育种agricultural tractor农用拖拉机pest control害虫防治

(完整版)成人学士学位英语单词(史上最全)

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1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于;遵守。 2. be absent from…。缺席，不在 3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解 7. by accident(=by chance， accidentally)偶然地，意外。 Without accident(=safely) 安全地， 8. of one's own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地，主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one's accord with 同…。不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据 12. on one's own account 1) 为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one's own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有………重要性。 13. take…into account(=consider)把……考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明，解释 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明。 16. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。 17. on no account(=in no case， for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of， be used to)习惯于。 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编，改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外，又，加之 25. in addition to(=as well as， besides， other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by， conform to， comply with， cling to， insist on， pe rsist in， observe，opinion， belief ) 粘附; 坚持，遵循 27. adjacent(=next to， close to) 毗邻的，临近的 28. adjust……(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of，leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地。 30. in advance (before in time) 预告，事先。 31. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地。 32. have an advantage over 胜过。 have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of， utilize， make use of， profit from， harness)利用。 34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with) 同意，一致 36. ahead of 在…之前，超过…;……………。 ahead of time 提前。 37. in the air 1)不肯定，不具体。 2)在谣传中。 38. above all (=especially， most important of all) 尤其是，最重要的。 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything， altogether) 总共，总计 40. after all 毕竟，到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎。 41. allow for (=take into consideration， take into account) 考虑到，估计到 . 42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计，等于。

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学士学位英语词汇表(20200522062709)

abandon[?'b?nd?n]遗弃，抛弃（give up）放弃 ability[?'biliti]能力，智能，才能 (enable/be capable of doing sth aboard[?'b?:d]在船（飞机，车）上 on aboard absence['?bs?ns]缺席，不在场absent(op) present/presence 在场，出席absolute['?bs?lu:t]绝对的，完全的 complete absolutely['?bs?lu:tli]绝对地，极其，完全地 completely absorb[?b's?:b]吸收(water/knowledge) be absorbed in 沉浸在。。。abuse[?'bju:z]虐待 academic[??k?'demik]学院的，学术的 academic records 学习成绩 accelerate[?k'sel?reit]加速，促进 accent['?ks?nt]腔调，口音，重音 dialect 方言 language 语言 tone 语气accept[?k'sept]接受，认可（主观） receive （客观）接受，接收acceptance[?k'sept?ns]接受，接纳，承认 accident['?ksid?nt]事故，意外accidently/ by accident 偶然得 =by chance accompany[?'k?mp?ni]陪伴，伴随 accompany sb ac+company accomplish[?'k?mpli?]完成(goal/task) accomplishment =achievement 成功成就accordance[?'k?:d?ns]一致 in accordance with (according to 根据) account[?'kaunt]账户，账目，说明，解释（account for） accumulate[?'kju:mjuleit]积累，积聚 accumulation accurate['?kjurit]准确的，精确的 n.accuracy (近)exact/precise accuse[?'kju:z]谴责，指控，告发 be accused of =be charged with accustomed[?'k?st?md]惯常的，习惯的 be accustomed to sth/doing =be used to ache [eik]headache 头痛 stomachache 胃痛肚子痛backache背痛 toothahce牙痛 earache 耳朵痛 achieve[?'t?i:v]完成，达到，获得(success/ambition （抱负） achievement[?'t?i:vm?nt]完成，成绩，成就 acid['?sid]酸，酸性物质，酸的 acid rain 酸雨acid test 酸性测验acquaintance[?'kweint?ns]熟人，相识（have a nodding acquaintance）点头之交acquire[?'kwai?]取得，获得（knowledge,reputation名声）require 要求 acre['eik?]英亩 feet 英尺 inch 英寸 act[?kt]行为，动作，表演 action 行动 activity 活动 active 活跃积极的actor['?kt?]男演员 actress女演员 waitor/waitress actual['?ktju?l]实际的，现实的 actual fact/situation actually['?kt?u?li]实际上 as a matter of fact/in fact addition[?'di??n]加法，增加 in addition =besides additional[?'di??nl]附加的，另外的 adequate['?dikwit]足够的，恰当的 enough/sufficient(sufficiency) adjust[?'d??st]调节，调整适应adjust to sth =be used to/adapt to sth administration [?dminis'trei??n]管理，经营，行政机关，政府 Obama’s Administration 奥巴马政府 adminstrative admire[?d'mai?]羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admiration admit[?d'mit]允许进入，接纳，承认 admission to sth 入场费、adopt[?'d?pt]收养，采取，通过 adopted son 养子

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capacity capacity n.能力，才能；性能；容量 [语境]The lift has a capacity of 15 persons. 这部电梯的载容量为15人。 Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福，有的人享不起福。 [考点]at capacity 以最大的程度 capital capital n.首都；资本；资源；大写字母；adj.极好的；死刑的；资本的；首都的； [语境]The criminal was sentenced to capital punishment. 罪犯被判处死刑。 London is spelt with a capital L. London—词中L是大写的。 [考点]political capital 政治资本 labour and capital 劳资双方 capital outflow 资金外流 make capital out of 利用 car car n.汽车，车辆，车；（火车）车厢 [语境]Car bombs have become essential terrorist weapons. 汽车炸弹已经成为恐怖主要的武器。 care care 小心；关怀，照料 v.（about）关心，介意，计较 [语境]He cares very little for fame and gain 他对名利很淡薄。 [考点]care about 关心，担心 care for 喜欢 care of 照料；关怀；处理 careful careful 小心的，仔细的；细致的，精心的 [巧记]派生词：carefully （adv.小心地，谨慎地）carefiilness （n.仔细，慎重） [语境]Be double carefiil when you cross the street. 你过街时要加倍小心。 careless careless 粗心的，草率的；随便的，不介意；不关心的，冷漠的 [语境]She‘s careless about her clothes. 她对穿着一点儿都不讲究。

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学位英语词汇

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