建筑工程英标规范(混凝土)中英文

SECTION: 2 第2章混凝土

PART 1 GENERAL 第1节总则

1 DESCRIPTION 说明

All concrete work is governed by this Section. 所有混凝土工程受本章的管理。

Work Included: Provide all cast-in-place concrete, complete and in place, as required by the Work, specified herein on the drawings and specifications. 包括的工作：按照图纸上规定的工作和相关标准要求，完整而到位地提供所有现浇混凝。

RELATED WORK: 有关工作

1 General Requirements 一般要求

2 Material 材料

3 Concrete Mix 混凝土配合比

4 Construction Requests 施工要求

1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:一般要求

1.1.1. Concrete shall be batched only with approved materials, approved mix designs, and at

approved facilities. 只能使用批准的材料、批准的配合比设计和在批准的设施内对混凝土进行配料。

1.1.

2. The Contractor shall define the method of design of the mix, by reference to a recognised

published design method. 承包商应通过参考认可的设计方法确定配合比设计。

1.1.3. Plant trials shall be carried out for each grade and type of concrete in the contract, 你

unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，应对每种标号和种类的混凝土进行工厂试验。

1.1.4. Aggregate proportions shall be based on measured and not assumed relative densities.

集料的比例应根据测量的而非假设的相对密度。

1.1.5. If requested by the Engineer, concrete mix designs which include an admixture shall be

prepared and tested 如果监理工程师要求，应准备和检验含外加剂的混凝土配合比设计。

1.1.6. Results of the trial mixes must demonstrate that the mix complies with the strength,

workability and durability requirements of specification. 试验配合比的结果必须证明所采用的配合比符合规范的强度、和易性和耐久性要求。

1.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证

1.2.1. Reference Codes and Standards. Concrete work shall conform in general to the

requirements of BS 8110 and BS 5328. 参考规范和标准混凝土工程一般应符合英国BS8110和BS5328的要求。

1.2.2. The following codes and standards referenced herein but not dated shall be those of the

latest edition on the date of the Purchase Order contract. 以下引用的但未标注日期的规范和标准应当是定购合同之日的最新版本的规范和标准。

1. BS 12 -Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）

2. BS 812 -Testing aggregates 检验集料（英国标准）

3. BS 882 -Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 混凝土的天然集料（英国标准）

4. BS 1881 -Methods of testing concrete 混凝土的检验方法（英国标准）

5. BS 3148 -Water for making concrete (including notes on the suitability of the water) 混凝

土用水（包括关于水的合适性的注释）（英国标准）

6. BS 4027 -Sulphate-resisting portland cement 抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）

7. BS 4408 -Recommendations for non-destructive methods of test for concrete 对混凝土非

破坏性检验方法的建议（英国标准）

8. BS 4550 -Methods of testing cement 水泥检验的方法（英国标准）

9. BS 5075 -Concrete admixtures 混凝土外加剂（英国标准）

10. BS 5328 Part 1 -Guide to specifying concrete 混凝土说明指南（英国标准）

11. BS 5328 Part 2 -Methods for specifying concrete mixers 说明混凝土搅拌机的方法（英国标

准）

12. BS 5328 Part 3 -Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and transporting

concrete对在生产和运输混凝土中使用的程序的说明（英国标准）

13. BS 5328 Part 4 -Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing and

assessing compliance of concrete 对在取样、检验和评价混凝土的符合性时使用的程序的说明（英国标准）

14. BS 6089 -Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures 对既有结构物的混凝土强

度的评价（英国标准）

15. BS 6100 -Glossery of building and civil engineering terms 建筑和土木工程术语词汇汇总表

（英国标准）

16. BS 6699 -Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag 磨细矿渣水泥（英国标准）

17. BS 8110 -Structural use of concrete 混凝土的结构用途（英国规范）

1.2.3 Quality Control: Do not begin concrete production until all mix designs have been

reviewed and ce rtified by the Engineer’s Representative.质量控制：只有当工程师代表审查和批准了所有的配合比设计时，才能开始混凝土的生产。

1.2.4 Workmanship: The Contractor is responsible for correction of concrete work which does

not conform to the specified requirements including strength, tolerances and finishes. 工艺：承包商应负责纠正不符合规定要求，包括强度、公差和表面光洁度的混凝土工作。1.2.5 Should cubes testing indicate unacceptable concrete, coring, load testing or removal and

replacement of the concrete may be required to the client. 如果砼试块试验显示混凝土不合格，可能需要进行提取芯样、荷载试验或清除并替换混凝土。

1.2.6 Concrete may be subject to settlement. It should be noted that top of concrete elevations

should reflect final installation elevations after any settlement. 混凝土可能会沉降。应注意到，混凝土的顶部标高应当反映所有沉降后的最终安装标高。

1.3 Concrete Testing Services: 混凝土的检验设施

1.3.1. The Contractor shall set a Testing Laboratory approved b y the Engineer’s Representative

to perform the testing of the concrete during the progress of the work. It should have the capacity to perform material evaluation tests, to design concrete mixes, and to perform strength tests associated with form removal. 承包商应设置一个实验室。该实验室应获得监理工程师代表的批准，承担工程进展过程中的对混凝土的检验. 并具备材料的评估试验，设计混凝土配合比和涉及模板拆除有关的强度检验的能力。

2. MATERIALS 原材料

2.1. Recent independent test results acceptable to the Engineer confirming compliance with the

specified requirements and referenced standards. 工程中所使用材料应具备符合相关规范和相应标准的合格证，并得到监理工程师的认可。

2.2. Cement 水泥

2.2.1. nufacturer's certificates shall also be supplied with each consignment of cement certifying

compliance with the relevant standard. Deliver by bulk or in the original sealed containers or bags, bearing the manufacturer's name, cement type and date of manufacture, in batches not exceeding 100 tonnes.对于每次交货的水泥应配有产品合格证书，证明产品符合有关标准。散装或者使用密封容器或袋装分批提供水泥，每批不超过100吨，水泥外包装上注明厂家名称、水泥品种和生产日期。

2.2.2. Provide cement samples from each consignment delivered to the site as required by the

Engineer for testing. 按照监理工程师的要求对进场的每批货提供水泥样品，用于检验。2.2.3. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) shall conform to BS 12 or ASTM C150 Type I. 普通硅

酸盐水泥（OPC）应符合BS12第1类。

Unless noted otherwise, MSRC shall be utilized for grade C25 concrete. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (MSRC) shall conform to BS 4027 Type II 除非另有说明，C25混凝土应使用中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥。中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥(MSRC)应符合BS4027 类型II

2.3. GGBS 磨细矿渣

2.3.1. Manufacturer's certificates with all information necessary to verify compliance with BS

6699 shall also be supplied with each consignment of GGBS. 对于每次交货的磨细矿渣水泥应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合英国标准6699。

2.3.2. As requested by the Engineer for independent testing. 依照监理工程师的请求进行独立检

验。

2.3.3. GGBS shall comply with BS 6699, in addition to the following requirements, unless other

wise approved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，磨细矿渣应符合BS6699以及以下要求。

1）. Raw material (slag) is limited to one source. Slag supplied or blended from several different plants or steel mills will not be accepted unless approved by the engineer. 天然材料（矿渣）限于一种来源。除非监理工程师批准，不能接受由几个不同工厂或钢铁厂提供的或拌合的矿渣。

2）. GGBS shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 磨细矿渣应以散装粉末方式提供给混凝土搅拌站。

3）. Interground slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用中等磨细矿渣水泥。

4）. Preblended slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用预混合矿渣水泥。

2.4. Microsilica 硅粉

2.4.1. Manufacturer's certificates with all information necessary to verify compliance to an

Internationally recognised standard shall also be supplied with each consignment with Microsilica. 对于每次交货的硅粉，应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合国际认可的标准。

2.4.2. Microsilica shall comply with an internationally recognized standard, in addition to the

following requirements, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，硅粉应符合国际认可的标准以及下列要求。

2.2.3 Raw material (Microsilica) is limited to one source. Microsilica supplied by more than one

vendor will not be accepted, unless approved by the Engineer. 天然材料（硅粉）限于一个来源。除非工程师另有批准，不得接受多个卖主提供的硅粉。

2.2.4 Microsilica shall be supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 硅粉应

以散装粉末形式提供给混凝土搅拌站。

2.5. Aggregates 集料

2.5.1. Provide samples of both fine and coarse aggregates for testing prior to beginning

deliveries. 在材料进场前提供细集料和粗集料的样品。

2.5.2. Aggregates shall meet the requirements following general requirements, unless

otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另批准，集料应符合以下一般要求。1）A ggregates shall consist of hard, durable, uncoated particles containing no harmful material in quantities sufficient to adversely affect the concrete or reinforcing steel. 集料应由坚硬的、耐用的和未涂层的颗粒组成。颗粒不含有数量足以严重影响混凝土或钢筋的有害物质。

2）Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of BS 882. 集料应符合BS882的要求。

2.6. Water 水

2.6.1. Provide samples of water proposed for concreting works. 提供拟用于混凝土工程的水的

样品。

2.6.2. Water used for concrete-mixes and washing of equipment shall be potable water and

shall comply with the requirements of BS 3148, unless otherwise stated herein or in Table

5. 除非这里有规定或表1中有规定，混凝土混合物和设备清洗用水为饮用水，并且符合

BS3148的要求。

2.6.

3. The pH of water used in concrete work shall be in the range of 7 – 9. 混凝土工程用水的

pH值应在4 – 9之间。

2.6.4. Whenever required to do so by the Engineer, the Contractor shall take samples of the

water being used for mixing concrete and test them for quality as directed by the Engineer. 无论何时当监理工程师要求时，承包商应对用于拌合混凝土的水进行取样，并且按照工程师的指示检验水的质量。

表TABLE 1

2.7. Admixtures 外加剂

2.7.1. Manufacturer’s technical specifications and recommendations.制造商的技术说明书和

建议

2.7.2. Recent trial results acceptable to the Engineer illustrating the efficiency of the product for

its particular application. 监理工程师可接受的、说明产品特殊应用的功效的近期试验结果。

2.7.

3. Admixtures shall comply with the standards of BS5075, unless otherwise approved by the

Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，外加剂应符合标准BS 5075。

2.7.4. The Contractor shall provide at least the following technical data for each type of

admixture. 承包商应当为每种外加剂至少提供以下技术资料。

1）Solid content. 固体含量

2）. Specific gravity. 比重

3）. The typical dosage and the effects of under dosage and over dosage. 典型剂量和剂量不足和剂量过量的后果。

4）. The generic type(s) of the main active constituent(s) in the admixture. 外加剂中主要活性成分的一般类型

5）. Whether or not the admixture contains chloride. 外加剂是否含有氯化物。

6）. Whether or not the admixture leads to the entertainment of air when used at the proposed dosage. 当按照拟议的剂量使用时外加剂是否会导致充气。

7）Where more than one admixture is used simultaneously in the same concrete, details shall be provided on their interaction and compatibility.当在同一种水泥中同时使用几种外加剂时，应提供它们相互作用和兼容性的详细资料。

2.7.5 Admixtures shall be free of chlorides. 外加剂不应含有氯化物。

2.7.6. Admixture shall not impair the durability of the concrete nor combine with constituents to

form harmful compounds nor increase the risk of corrosion of reinforcement. 外加剂不应

损坏混凝土的耐久性，也不能与混凝土的成分组合形成有害的化合物，也不能增加对钢筋的腐蚀风险。

2.7.7. The use of the Admixtures shall be strictly controlled to ensure that only correct dosages

are utilized as prescribed by the manufacturer and as determined by the trials. 应严格控制外加剂的使用以确保只有制造商规定的和试验确定的正确剂量被使用。

3. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN : 混凝土配合比设计

.Concrete Mix design with at least the following information: 混凝土的配合比设计应至少具有以下信息：

Type of cement 水泥种类

Cement content 水泥含量

GGBS content磨细矿渣含量

Microsilica content 硅粉含量

Max. aggregate size 最大集料尺寸

Combined grading curve 组合级配曲线

Quantities of all individual materials 所有单独材料的数量

Name of admixture 外加剂名称

Target slump (at discharge) 目标坍落度（卸料时）

Details to calculate W/C ratio 计算水灰比的详细资料

Compressive strength 抗压强度

Hardened density 凝固后的密度

Water permeability 渗水性

RCP 快速氯化物渗透

Bleeding 泌水性

SO3 and Cl contents氧化硫含量和氯化物含

Concrete shall comply with the requirements of Table 2 and Table 3 unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Reference shall be made to the Engineer’s drawings for particula r job mix designation. 除非监理工程师另行批准，混凝土应符合表2和表3的要求。关于特殊的工作配合比名称，应参考监理工程师的图纸。

表TABLE 2

GRADES OF INFRASTRUCTURE & SUBSTRUCTURE – CONCRETE

基础和下部结构的混凝土标号

表TABLE 3

GRADES OF UPSTRUCTURE- CONCRETE

(*) A proposal deemed to meet concrete durability requirements. It could be revised if Concrete specifications can be met otherwise . 被认为符合混凝土耐久性要求的建议，可以对该建议进行修改。

3.1 Preliminary Tests (Trial Mixes ) 初步检验（试验配合比）

3.1.1 Preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out to determine the mixes to satisfy the

specification with the approved materials. 应进行初步的实验室试验以确定使用批准材料的配合比满足技术规范。

Trial mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for initial field tests: 对试验配合比进行检验以确定拟用于最初现场试验的配合比的以下性质。1）. Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232 (non-vibrating ) shall not exceed 0.5%. 根据美国材料试验协会C232 （非振动）泌水性不大于0.5%。

2）. Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS 1881 Part 5.符合英国标准1881 第5节的干收缩3）Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106. 含气量，若适用，符合BS1881第106节。4）Free water / cement ratio. 自由水灰比

5）. Workability BS 1881 Part 102. 和易性，BS1881 第102节

6）. Fresh and hardened concrete densities BS 1881 Parts 107 and 114 respectively. 新浇混凝土密度和凝固混凝土密度分别符合BS1881第107节和第114节。

7）. Compressive strength BS 1881 Part 116 抗压强度，BS 1881 第116节

If the values obtained are unacceptable, the mixes shall be redesigned. 如果以上数值是无法接受的，应当重新设计配合比。

3.1.2 At least 35 days before commencement of concreting, trial mixes shall be prepared

under full - scale site conditions and tested in accordance with BS 1881. 至少在混凝土浇筑开始前35天, 应按照完全的现场条件准备试验配合比,并且根据BS1881进行试验.

3.1.3 Trial mixes shall be made on each of three days; the workability shall equate to the

designed target value. Six cubes from each mix shall be taken, three for test at 28 days.

在三天中的每天制作试验配合比；和易性应等于设计目标值。每个配合比应制作6个试块，其中3个试块用于28天试验。

3.1.4 Further trial mixes shall be made if the range (the maximum minus the minimum of the

three cube results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch, or if the range of the three batch averages exceeds 20% of the overall average of the batches.

如果范围值（任何批次混凝土的三个试块试验结果的最大值减去最小值）大于该批次的

平均值的15%，或者如果三个批次平均值的范围值大于这些批次的总平均值的20%，应

当继续制作试验配合比。

3.1.5 The average 28 day CCS of the three trial mixes shall not be less than the designed

mean strength, and the results of the above tests shall be acceptable before the mix is approved. Otherwise the mix shall be redesigned. 三个试验配合比的28天混凝土平均

抗压强度应不小于设计平均强度，而且在批准配合比之前以上试验的结果应当是可接受

的。否则，应重新设计配合比。

3.2 Quality Control 质量控制

3.2.1 Test Cubes 试块

1）Cubes shall be manufactured in an on-site laboratory, specially equipped for the purpose, in controlled conditions. They shall be made, cured, stored, transported

and tested to BS 1881 Parts 108, 111 and 116. 试块应在控制的条件下在专门配

备设备的现场实验室制作。应按照英国规范BS1881第108节、111节and 116

节制作、养护、储存、运输和检验试块。

3.2.2 Sampling Cubes试块取样

1）From each sample three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and three for testing at 7 days for control purposes. The 28 day CCS shall be the mean of three

cubes. 为了控制目的，应从每个样品中制作三个试块做第28天试验，并且制作三

个试块做第7天试验。第28天的混凝土抗压强度应当是三个试块的平均值。

2）Samples shall also be taken and two cylinders cast to determine the tensile strength of the concrete at 7 days and 28 days, as specified in BS 1881 Part 117.

These samples shall be taken from every 100 batches, but at least once a week

during concreting operations, and shall coincide with samples taken for test cubes.

按照英国规范BS1881第117节的规定，提取样品和浇筑两个圆柱体以确定混凝土

的第7天和第28天的抗拉强度。每100批混凝土应提取样品，但是在混凝土浇筑

施工中至少每周一次取样，而且与试块取样相符合。

3.2.3 Cube Strength Results 试块强度结果

The results will be unacceptable if : 如果有以下情况，试块强度结果将不合格：

1）.The average strength determined from any four consecutive test results does not exceed the CCS by 0.5 times the current margin.根据任何4个连续试验结果确定

的平均强度不大于混凝土抗压强度的通用差额的0.5倍。

2）One or more results in forty is less than 85% CCS. 40个试块试验的一个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度的85%。

3）Three or more results in forty are less than CCS. 40个试块试验的三个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度。

4. PART 4 EXECUTION 第4节施工

4.1. ROUTINE CONCRETE TESTING 常规的混凝土检验

4.1.1 Under the supervision and direction of the Engineer, the Contractor shall perform all tests

as shown in Table 10, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，承包商，在工程师的监督和指示下，应进行表4中规定的一切检验。

表4 TABLE 4 FREQUENCY OF TESTING FOR FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE

4.2 Routine Test Cubes 试块常规检验

4.2.1 Test cubes shall be randomly taken from the concrete which is being used in the work

and prepared in accordance to the relevant standard and the following provisions, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另有批准，应随机地从工程中使用的混凝土中提取试块，并且按照有关标准和以下规定制作试块。

1）All cubes shall be made at the point of delivery and all cubes for each set must be from the same load (transit mixer truck). 所有的试块应在混凝土进场地点制作，并且每组的所有试块必须取自于同一车混凝土（搅拌车）。

2）U se approved cube moulds of the same type and manufacture for making all test specimens.

使用批准的、同一类型和厂家的试模制作所有检验样品。

3）A ll cubes shall be kept in closed insulated boxes for initial curing until removed from the moulds and placed directly in a suitable curing tank. 所有的试块应放在密封的盒子中进行最初的养护，然后从模具中拿出，并且直接放入合适的养护箱中。

4）S ix cubes (150mm) shall be made for density and compressive strength testing. 制作六个试块（150毫米）进行密度和抗压强度试验。

5）S ix cubes (150mm) shall be made for water permeability testing. 制作六个试块（150毫米）进行渗水性试验。

6）S ix cubes (150mm) shall be made for RCP testing. 制作六个试块（150毫米）进行氯化物快速渗透试验。

7）E ach grade of cubes shall be numbered consecutively through out the work and marked with the date. 每种标号的试块在工程过程中应连续地编号，并且标上日期。

8）F or compressive strength and density, test 3 cubes at 7 days and 3 at 28 days. 对于抗压强度和密度，分别在第7天检验3个试块，和在第28天检验3个试块。

4.2.2 The Mean of 3 cube strength results shall be taken as the test result. 取这3个试块强度

结果的平均值为检验结果。If an individual cube result varies by more than 10% from the mean result, that cube value shall be discarded and the result will be the average of the remaining cube values。如果一个试块的强度结果与平均强度结果相差大于10%，那么该强度结果应作废；并且强度结果将是剩余试块强度值的平均值。

4.2.3 No individual strength test result (average of 3 cubes) shall fall below 85% of the

specified strength. 任何单独的强度检验结果（3个试块的平均值）都不能低于规定强度的85%。

1）The average of any 3 consecutive strength test results must equal or exceed the specified strength. 任何3个连续强度检验结果的平均值必须等于或大于规定的强度。

4.2.4 If the average 7 day strength indicates that the concrete may be defective; the Contractor

shall immediately inform the Engineer and stop all concrete activities until the reason for such low strength is determined and corrected. 如果平均7天强度显示混凝土可能有缺陷，承包商应立即通知工程师，并且停止一切混凝土施工，直到查明和纠正出现低强度的原因。

4.2.5 At the Contractor’s option, potentially defective concrete may be removed and replaced

without awaiting the 28 day test results. 承包商可以选择，在不等待28天检验结果的情况下，清除并替换有潜在缺陷的混凝土。

4.2.6 For Water Permeability, test 3 cubes at 28 days and 3 cubes at 56 days. For Rapid

Chloride Penetration, test 3 cubes at 28 days and 3 cubes at 56 days.对于渗水性，分别在第28天检验3个试块和在第56天检验3个试块。对于氯化物快速渗透，分别在第28天检验3个试块和在第56天检验3个试块。

4.3 DELIVERY OF CONCRETE 混凝土进场

4.3.1 Transportation, delivery and handling shall be in accordance with BS 5328 or ASTM C94

except as described hereunder, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除了以下的规定外，除非工程师另有批准，混凝土的运输、进场和搬运应符合BS5328或ASTM C94。

4.3.2 Contractor shall be responsible for delivering concrete in such a manner as to avoid cold

joints. 承包商负责在混凝土进场时避免出现冷接缝。

4.4 PREPARATION OF CONCRETE DEFECTS 混凝土缺陷处理

4.4.1 Serious concrete defects should not occur. If these things appear, technical programs

shall be set up by the contractor and get the approval of Engineer.混凝土不应出现严重缺陷，对已经出现的严重缺陷，应由承包商提出技术处理方案，并由监理工程师认可。4.5 Compaction of Concrete混凝土的压实

4.5.1 All concrete shall be compacted to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Unless

otherwise agreed by the Engineer, it shall be compacted with the assistance of vibrators.

应将所有混凝土压实成密集的均匀体。除非监理工程师另行同意，应使用振捣器压实。4.5.1 Vibration shall not be applied by way of the reinforcement. Where immersion vibrators

are used, contact with reinforcement and all inserts shall be avoided. 不能通过钢筋施加振捣。当使用插入式振捣器时，应避免与钢筋和所有的插入件接触。

4.5.2 Vibrators shall be so manipulated as to work the concrete thoroughly around the

reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into corners and angles of the forms. Vibrators shall not be used as a means to cause concrete to flow or its position in lieu of placing.

The vibration at any point shall be of sufficient duration to accomplish compaction. After initial set of the concrete, the forms shall not be jarred and no strain shall be placed on the ends of projecting reinforcement. 在操作振捣器时应使钢筋和预埋件周围的混凝土彻底地振动，并且使模板的边角彻底地振动。使用振捣器时不能使混凝土流动或代替浇注的位置。在任何地点的振捣时间应足以完成压实。在混凝土初凝后，不能震动模板，并且不能损伤突出的钢筋的末端。

4.6 Construction Joints 施工缝

4.6.1 The position and detail of any construction joints not described in the contract shall be

subject to the approval of the Engineer and shall be so arranged to minimize the formation of shrinkage cracks. 合同中未说明的施工缝的位置和细节须经过监理工程师的批准。安排时应尽量减少收缩裂缝的形成。

4.6.2 The timetable for the depositing of concrete between construction joints should be so

arranged that no face of concrete shall be left for more than 20 minutes before fresh concrete is deposited against it. 在安排在施工缝之间浇注混凝土时间时应确保混凝土表面在新浇混凝土之前不能超过20分钟。

4.6.3 When the continuous placement of concrete in any structural member is interrupted or

delayed for a period long enough for the previously partially placed concrete to take its initial set, such construction joint shall be treated as a cold joint. 混凝土连续浇筑的时间足以让以前部分浇注的混凝土发生初凝时，施工接缝应按冷接缝处理。

4.6.4 Where dowels, reinforcing bars or other adequate ties are not required by the drawings,

keys shall be as made by embedding water soaked bevelled timbers in soft concrete. The key shall be sized as shown on the details, or as directed by the Engineer, which shall be removed when the concrete has set. In resuming work the surface of the concrete previously placed shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, scum, laitance or other soft material with stiff wire brushes, and if deemed necessary by the Engineer, shall be roughened with a steel tool. The surface shall then be thoroughly washed with clean water. The joint shall be kept wet for at least four hours prior to concreting. 当图纸不需要销子、钢筋或其他合适的连接件时，可以将水泡的斜木预埋在松散的混凝土中来制作楔块。楔块的尺寸如详图所示，或者按照监理工程师的指示。当混凝土凝固时应将它清除。当恢复施工时，应使用硬铁丝刷彻底地清理以前浇注的混凝土表面上的灰尘、浮渣、浮浆皮或其他松软材料。

如果监理工程师认为有必要，应使用铁制工具将表面弄成粗糙。然后用清水彻底地冲洗表面。在混凝土浇注前，应保持接缝潮湿至少4小时。

4.6.5 Where sections of the work are carried out in lifts the reinforcement projecting above the

lift being cast shall be adequately supported to prevent movement of the bars during the casting and setting of the concrete. 当工程的截面分层浇注时，应当对伸出已浇注层的钢筋适当加以支撑，防止它在混凝土的浇注和凝固过程中移动。

4.6.6 Wherever possible laitance and all loose material shall be removed while the concrete is

still green and no further roughening shall then be required. Where this is not possible, it shall be removed by mechanical means provided the concrete has been in position for more than 24 hours. The roughened surface shall then be washed with clean water. 只要可能，当混凝土还未凝固时，应清除浮浆皮和所有松散的材料，并且不需要将混凝土表面弄成粗糙。如果以上不可能，只要混凝土浇筑到位超过24小时，可以使用机械清除。然后使用清水冲洗毛面混凝土表面。

4.7 Curing of Concrete 混凝土的养护

4.7.1 Immediately after compaction and for 7 days t hereafter, concrete shall be protected from

the harmful effects of weather, including rain and rapid temperature changes, and from drying out. Only water curing shall be allowed, continuously applied for a minimum of 7 days. Hessian and polythene sheeting shall be used to cover the concrete members under curing. 在混凝土压实后和在随后的7天，立即对混凝土进行防护，防止天气，包括雨、快速的天气变化的有害影响以及干燥。只能允许水养护，水养护应连续使用至少7天。

应使用粗麻布和塑料模覆盖混凝土构件进行养护。

4.8 TOLERANCES 公差

4.8.1 The accuracy in building shall be based on the BS 5606 ‘Code of Practice for accuracy in

building’ but the acceptab le tolerances to be only fifty percent of the tolerances stated in the above mentioned standard.建筑物的精确性应基于ＢＳ５６０６的建筑物的精确性施工规范；但是可接受的公差仅仅为上述标准中规定公差的５０％。

4.9 FORMWORK 模板

4.9.1 General: Form materials shall be new, except for metal forms. Materials may be

reused during progress of the Work, provided they are completely cleaned, reconditioned, recoated for each reuse, and capable of producing formwork of the required quality.

概述：模板材料应是新的，钢模板除外。模板材料在工程进展过程中可以重新使用，只要

每次使用时彻底地清洁、修理、重上涂层，并能够制作所需质量的模板。

4.9.2 Construct formwork so that concrete members and structures are of correct size, shape,

alignment, elevation, and position. 建造模板，确保混凝土构件和结构的尺寸、形状、标高和位置正确。

4.9.3 Cleaning and Tightening: Thoroughly clean forms and adjacent surfaces to receive

concrete. Remove chips, wood, sawdust, dirt, and other debris just before concrete is placed. Retighten forms immediately after concrete placement as required to eliminate mortar leaks. 清洁和加固：彻底地清洁模板和临近的表面以接受混凝土。在浇筑混凝土之前清除碎片、木头、锯屑、尘土和其他碎片。在混凝土浇筑后立即按要求重新紧固模板以消除砂浆泄露。

4.9.4 FORM COATINGS 模板涂料

Coat form contact surfaces with form-coating compound before reinforcement is placed. Do not allow excess form coating material to accumulate in the forms or to come into contact with surfaces which will be bonded to fresh concrete. Apply in compliance with manufacturer's instructions and/or as directed by the Engineer’s representative.在安装钢筋之前使用模板涂料化合物覆盖模板接触面。不要让多余的涂料聚积在模板上或与将同新浇混凝土粘结的模板表面接触。应按照制造商指示和/或按照监理工程师代表的指示刷模板涂料。

建筑施工专业名词(中英文对照解释)

A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 abrasion 磨耗；磨蚀 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机 abrasive grinding machine 磨机(火石机) abrasive particle 磨粒 absorption 吸收 abutment 桥台；拱座 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道 acceleration pedal 加速器踏板 accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门 access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处 access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道 access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道 access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 上落踏板；出入踏板 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶accessory 附件；配件 accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验室accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 准确度极限 acetylene cylinder 乙炔气(风煤)樽 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声耦合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料 acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(阿加力胶片)

中英文对照施工方案

中英文对照施工方案 目录 Contents 1. 工程概况 General 2. 编制依据 References 3. 施工顺序 Construction Sequence 4. 施工方法 Construction Method 5. 安全与环境保护施工措施 HSE 6. 劳动力计划 Manpower Mob. Schedule 7. 机具计划 Equipment/Tools Mob. Schedule 8. 施工作业计划 Construction Schedule 1. 工程概况General 该项目为珠海PTA二期工程，本方案主要是为PTA二期变电所结构而编制的施工技术措施。主体结构三层钢筋砼框架，局部为二层钢筋砼框架结构，变压器区域采用钢筋砼墙体。This method statement is compiled to describe the substation structure construction method of Zhuhai PTA No.2 Project, which major structure is three-layer reinforced concrete frame and partial structure is two-layer reinforced concrete frame and transformer area is reinforced concrete wall. 2. 编制依据References 2.1. 施工图纸Construction Drawings REV.2 6092-BCO.01-DW-1741-01 to 25 2.2 工程测量规范Code for Engineering Surveying GB50026-93 2.3 混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范 Code for Quality Acceptance for Concrete Structure GB50204-2002 2.4 混凝土泵送技术规程 Technical Codes for Concrete Casting by Concrete Pump JGJ/T10-95 2.5 建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准 Unified Standard for Construction Quality Acceptance of Construction GB50300-2001 2.6 钢筋焊接及验收规程 Code for Acceptance of Re-bar Welding JGJ18-2003 2.7 建筑施工高处作业安全技术规范 Safety Technical Code for Work at Height During Construction JGJ80-91 2.8 施工现场临时用电安全技术规范 Electricity Safety Technical Code for Temporary Power Supply on Construction Site JGJ46-88 2.9 混凝土强度检验评定标准 Assessment and Acceptance for Concrete Strength GBJ107-87 3. 施工顺序Construction Sequence 4. 施工方法Construction Method 4.1脚手架工程Scaffolding work 4.1.1 框架外的双排脚手架由架业公司搭设。

建设工程委托设计合同(中英文对照)

建设工程设计合同 Construction Project Design Contract 项目名称： Project Name: 项目建设地点： Project Location: 合同编号： Contract No.: 设计证书等级： Grade of Design License: 委托方： Client: 承接方： Design Firm: 签订日期： Signed on: 委托方：（甲方） Client (Party A): 承接方：（乙方） Design Firm (Party B): 甲方委托乙方承担XX 项目（一期）工程设计，经双方协商一致， 签订本合同。 Party A entrusts Party B to undertake the design for This Contract is made by the two parties after their mutual agreement. 第一条本合同依据下列文件签订 Article 1. This Contract is made on the basis of the following documents:

1.1 《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国建筑法》和《建 设工程勘察设计市场管理规定》。 1.1 《The Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China》,《The building regulations of the People’s Republic of China》and 《The developmental Law of the People’s Republic of China. 1.2 国家及地方有关建设工程勘察设计管理法规和规章。 1.2 Relevant Building & Design Codes and Regulations of the State and of the Shanghai Municipality. 1.3 建设工程的相关批准文件。 1.3 The approval documents that are required for this construction project. 第二条本合同工程设计项目的名称、地点、规模、投资、内容及 标准 Article 2. The name, location, size, investment sum, function, design contents and standards : 2.1 工程项目的名称：XX 项目（一期） 2.1 Project name: 2.2 工程项目的地点： 2.2 Project location: 2.3 工程项目的规模：总建筑面积约平方米（其中地下面 积约平方米），高度米。 2.3 Project size：The total floor area is approximately m2(of which the floor area of the underground area is m2),the total height is m. 2.4 工程特征及附注说明：商业办公综合楼 2.4 Project features & remarks：A commercial cum office building complex 2.5 工程项目的投资总额：控制在亿元人民币以下 2.5 Project investment in total: Controlled Within RMB million yuan RMB

建筑的工程中英文对照

建筑词典大全附中文详细解释I 第一节一般术语 1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。 2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures 在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。 3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering 一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 土木工程civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 5. 公路工程highway engineering 为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 6. 铁路工程railway engineering 为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering 为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering 为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。 10. 建筑物（构筑物）construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 11. 结构structure 广义地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的实体，狭义地指各种工程实体的承重骨架。 12. 基础foundation 将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重传递到地基的结构组成部分。 13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground 支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未经加工处理的称为天然地基。 14. 木结构timber structure 以木材为主制作的结构 15. 砌体结构masonry structure 以砌体为主制作的结构。它包括砖结构、石结构和其它材料的砌块结构。有无筋砌体结构和配筋砌体结构。 16. 钢结构steel structure

土木工程钢筋混凝土结构中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文翻译

原文： DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1. BASIC CONCERPTS AND CHARACERACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE Plain concrete is formed from hardened mixture of cement, water , fine aggregate , coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel ) , air and often other admixtures . The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to accelerate of the chemical hydration of hen cement mix and results in a hardened concrete. It is generally known that concrete has high compressive strength and low resistance to tension. Its tensile strength is approximately one-tenth of its compressive strength. Consequently, tensile reinforcement in the tension zone has to be provided to supplement the tensile strength of the reinforced concrete section. For example, a plain concrete beam under a uniformly distributed load q is shown in Fig . 1.1(a), when the distributed load increases and reaches a value q=1.37KN/m , the tensile region at the mid-span will be cracked and the beam will fail suddenly . A reinforced concrete beam if the same size but has to steel reinforcing bars (2φ16) embedded at the bottom under a uniformly distributed load q is shown in Fig.1.1(b). The reinforcing bars take up the tension there after the concrete is cracked. When the load q is increased, the width of the cracks, the deflection and the stress of steel bars will increase . When the steel approaches the yielding stress ?y , the deflection and the cracked width are so large offering some warning that the compression zone . The failure load q=9.31KN/m, is approximately 6.8 times that for the plain concrete beam. Concrete and reinforcement can work together because there is a sufficiently strong bond between the two materials, there are no relative movements of the bars and the surrounding concrete cracking. The thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are 1.2×10-5K-1 for steel and 1.0×10-5~1.5×10-5K-1 for concrete . Generally speaking, reinforced structure possess following features : Durability .With the reinforcing steel protected by the concrete , reinforced concrete

DIN EN 1712_EN_2002

ICS 25.160.40 Zerst?rungsfreie Prüfung von Schwei?verbindungen – Ultraschallprüfung von Schwei?verbindungen – Zul?ssigkeitsgrenzen (enth?lt ?nderung A1:2002)European Standard EN 1712:1997+Amendment A1:2002 has the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 121 ‘Welding’ (Secretariat: Denmark), SC 5 ‘Non-destructive tests of welds’. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Norm enausschuss Materialprüfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee Ultraschallprüfung . Amendments This standard differs from the September 1997 edition in that it has been editorially revised and Annex ZA has been included. Previous edition DIN EN 1712: 1997-09. Ref.No.DIN EN 1712:2002-09English price group 08Sales No.1108 01.03 DEUTSCHE NORM September 2002 EN 1712{Continued overleaf. EN comprises 13 pages. ?No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH , 10772Berlin, Germany, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Non-destructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing of welded joints Acceptance levels (includes Amendment A1:2002)English version of DIN EN 1712:1997+A1:2002 Supersedes September 1997 edition.

水利专业混凝土重力坝中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译 混凝土重力坝基础流体力学行为分析 摘要：一个在新的和现有的混凝土重力坝的滑动稳定性评价的关键要求是对孔隙压力和基础关节和剪切强度不连续分布的预测。本文列出评价建立在岩石节理上的混凝土重力坝流体力学行为的方法。该方法包括通过水库典型周期建立一个观察大坝行为的数据库，并用离散元法（DEM）数值模式模拟该行为。一旦模型进行验证，包括岩性主要参数的变化，地应力，和联合几何共同的特点都要纳入分析。斯威土地，Albigna 大坝坐落在花岗岩上，进行了一个典型的水库周期的特定地点的模拟，来评估岩基上的水流体系的性质和评价滑动面相对于其他大坝岩界面的发展的潜力。目前大坝基础内的各种不同几何的岩石的滑动因素，是用德国马克也评价模型与常规的分析方法的。裂纹扩展模式和相应扬压力和抗滑安全系数的估计沿坝岩接口与数字高程模型进行了比较得出，由目前在工程实践中使用的简化程序。结果发现，在岩石节理，估计裂缝发展后的基础隆起从目前所得到的设计准则过于保守以及导致的安全性过低，不符合观察到的行为因素。 关键词：流体力学，岩石节理，流量，水库设计。 简介：评估抗滑混凝土重力坝的安全要求的理解是，岩基和他们上面的结构是一个互动的系统，其行为是通过具体的材料和岩石基础的力学性能和液压控制。大约一个世纪前，Boozy大坝的失败提示工程师开始考虑由内部产生渗漏大坝坝基系统的扬压力的影响，并探讨如何尽量减少其影响。今天，随着现代计算资源和更多的先例，确定沿断面孔隙压力分布，以及评估相关的压力和评估安全系数仍然是最具挑战性的。我们认为，观察和监测以及映射对大型水坝的行为和充分的仪表可以是我们更好地理解在混凝土重力坝基础上的缝张开度，裂纹扩展，和孔隙压力的发展。 图.1流体力学行为：（一）机械;（二）液压。

建筑工程英语词汇大全

工程词汇大全合同技术用语1.3

Project suggestion 项目建议一保证guaranteeProject general situation 1.11项概性能保performance guarantee qualification资时间保time guarantee prequalification

预备资交货保delivery guarantee commercial terms and condition商务条款与条建造保workmanship guarantee commercial 商生产能capacity technical 技质quality technical specification技术说消耗consumption proposal book建议原材feedstock information price 资料原raw material estimated price估辅助原sub-raw material quoted price 报产品product quotation报价书副产品by-product 中间产intermediateQuotation documen报价资 1.2公用工utility process description工艺说燃料fuelprocess feature工艺特点化学chemicalexperience record经验记界区battery limitsprocess performance 工艺性界区（进料）incomingequipment list 设备界区（出料outgoing specification说明，规定，规格界区条battery limits conditionshort specification 简要说（配管图）分界match linesketch drawing条件图工厂、装置plantflow diagram流程设equipmentbalance diagram平衡图关键设critical equipmentblock diagram 方框专利设备proprietary equipmentP&I diagram P&有位号设itemized equipment single line diagram 单线无位号设non-itemized equipmentlayout布置散装材bulk material plot plan 平面布置图施工材material of constructiongeneral plot plan (general layout)总图仪instrumentappendix附spare parts 备品备件documentation

建筑工程英标规范(混凝土)中英文

SECTION: 2 第2章混凝土 PART 1 GENERAL 第1节总则 1 DESCRIPTION 说明 All concrete work is governed by this Section. 所有混凝土工程受本章的管理。 Work Included: Provide all cast-in-place concrete, complete and in place, as required by the Work, specified herein on the drawings and specifications. 包括的工作：按照图纸上规定的工作和相关标准要求，完整而到位地提供所有现浇混凝。 RELATED WORK: 有关工作 1 General Requirements 一般要求 2 Material 材料 3 Concrete Mix 混凝土配合比 4 Construction Requests 施工要求 1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:一般要求 1.1.1. Concrete shall be batched only with approved materials, approved mix designs, and at approved facilities. 只能使用批准的材料、批准的配合比设计和在批准的设施内对混凝土进行配料。 1.1. 2. The Contractor shall define the method of design of the mix, by reference to a recognised published design method. 承包商应通过参考认可的设计方法确定配合比设计。 1.1.3. Plant trials shall be carried out for each grade and type of concrete in the contract, 你 unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，应对每种标号和种类的混凝土进行工厂试验。 1.1.4. Aggregate proportions shall be based on measured and not assumed relative densities. 集料的比例应根据测量的而非假设的相对密度。 1.1.5. If requested by the Engineer, concrete mix designs which include an admixture shall be prepared and tested 如果监理工程师要求，应准备和检验含外加剂的混凝土配合比设计。 1.1.6. Results of the trial mixes must demonstrate that the mix complies with the strength, workability and durability requirements of specification. 试验配合比的结果必须证明所采用的配合比符合规范的强度、和易性和耐久性要求。 1.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证 1.2.1. Reference Codes and Standards. Concrete work shall conform in general to the requirements of BS 8110 and BS 5328. 参考规范和标准混凝土工程一般应符合英国BS8110和BS5328的要求。 1.2.2. The following codes and standards referenced herein but not dated shall be those of the latest edition on the date of the Purchase Order contract. 以下引用的但未标注日期的规范和标准应当是定购合同之日的最新版本的规范和标准。 1. BS 12 -Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（英国标准） 2. BS 812 -Testing aggregates 检验集料（英国标准） 3. BS 882 -Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 混凝土的天然集料（英国标准） 4. BS 1881 -Methods of testing concrete 混凝土的检验方法（英国标准） 5. BS 3148 -Water for making concrete (including notes on the suitability of the water) 混凝 土用水（包括关于水的合适性的注释）（英国标准） 6. BS 4027 -Sulphate-resisting portland cement 抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥（英国标准） 7. BS 4408 -Recommendations for non-destructive methods of test for concrete 对混凝土非 破坏性检验方法的建议（英国标准） 8. BS 4550 -Methods of testing cement 水泥检验的方法（英国标准）

常用建筑中英文对照表

保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING 已建建筑AS-BUILT 新建建筑NEW BUILDING 道路ROADWAY 绿化LANDSCAPE 汽车流线CAR ACCESS 行人流线WALK ACCESS 消防车流线FIRE BRIGADE ACCESS 货车流线TRUCK ACCESS 自行车流线BICYCLE ACCESS 消防车道FIRE WAY 主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE 保安室NO.1 GUARD HOUSE 主出入口 1 EXIT 1 地下车库出口BASEMENT PARKING EXIT 自行车停车场BICYCLE PARKING 自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND 总停车位CAR PARK 其中INCLUDE 地上停车位AT-GRADE CAR PARK 地下停车位UNDERGROUND CAR PARK 空调管线AIR CONDITIONING 强电电缆LV 10KV 弱电电缆ELV 电缆10KV HV 供水管SUPPLY WATER 污水管WASTE WATER 雨水管RAIN WA TER 消防管线FIRE HYDRANT 西门子(中国)总部SIEMENS CENTER BEIJING 说明NOTE 1.本图依据城市道路高程及市政管线标高等 资料并结合场地排水、场地地形、土方平衡 等因素进行竖向设计。 1.THE DRAWING WITH "VERTICAL HEIGHT DESIGN" IS BASED ON CITY ROADWAY ENGINEERING WITH CITY BUREAU PIPELINE HEIGHT INDICATION DOCUMENT SITE DRAINAGE, SITE TOPOGRAPHY, AND SOIL BALANCE ARE INCORPORA TED INTO THE DESIGN. 2.本图所用坐标系统为北京市城市坐标系统， 所用高程为规划高程。 2.THE DRAWING INCORPORATES BEIJING CITY COORDINA TE SYSTEM. ALL THE INDICATIVE HEIGHTS ARE PLANNING HEIGHTS. 3.图中道路横坡按1.5%设计，最小纵坡为 0.2%。 3.ALL THE ROADWAY INDICATED ON THE DRAWING IS BASED ON 1.5%HORIZONTAL SLOPE.THE SMALLEST VERTICAL SLOPE IS 0.2%. 4.图中标注单位均为米。 4.BASIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS METRIC. 保留建筑EXISTING BUILDING 已建建筑AS-BUILT 新建建筑NEW BUILDING 道路ROADWAY 绿化LANDSCAPE 地下车库入口BASEMENT PARKING ENTRANCE 坡道RAMP 消防车道FIRE WAY 紧急出口EMERGENCY EXIT 3 2#保安室NO.2 GUARD HOUSE 停车场PARKING 工程地点位置图SITE LOCATION 图例LEGEND 自行车停车场BASEMENT EXIT 1 BICYCLE PARKING H=4.8M 地下室出入口 2 BASEMENT EXIT 2 主出入口 4 PARKING EXIT 4 主出入口 1 EXIT 1 道路ROADWAY 实土绿化COMPACTED SOIL LANDSCAPE 敷土绿化DEPOSITED SOIL LANDSCAPE 通风井VENTILATION OUTLET 冷却塔(两组) COOLING TOWER(2 UNITS) 紧急通道EMERGENCY ACCESS 绿地LANDSCAPE 围挡BARRIER 停车场PARKING 地下车库出入口PARKING ENTRENCE 主出入口MAIN ENTRENCE 1#保安室NO.1 GUARD HOUSE 说明NOTE 1.图中所标注建筑尺寸为外墙皮尺寸. 1.DIMENSIONS INDICA TED ON THE PLAN ARE MEASURED TO EXTERNAL EDGE OF THE BUILDINGS. 2.建筑的坐标点为轴线交点坐标. 2.ARCHITECTURE COORDINATES = INTERSECTION OF THE BUILDINGS AXIS. 3.本图以米为单位,%%P0.000相当于绝对标 高37.75. 3.METRIC SYSTEMS ARE THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT. 4.本项目对周边现状及规划建筑日照影响满 足相关法规及规范要求, 即日照时数满足大寒日最低2小时的日照要 求. 4.DESIGN COMPLIES WITH LOCAL REGULATION OF SUN SHADING TO NEIGHBORHOOD. 保留建筑面积EXISTING BUILDING 容 积率PLOT RATIO 建筑占地面积BUILDING COVERAGE 建筑密度BUILDING DENSITY 绿化面积GREEN AREA 绿地率GREEN RATIO 总人数TOTAL USERS 机动车停车位CAR PARK 地上其辆65 65 LOTS ABOVE GROUND 地下辆564 中INCLUDE UNDERGROUND 564 LOTS 200辆自行车停车位BICYCLE STAND 200 LOTS 地上辆200 200 LOTS ABOVE GROUND 服务中心SERVICE CENTRE 1号办公楼OFFICE 1 地上

建设工程英语专用词汇(4)

建设工程专用词汇(4) back water 回流 backbone 构架 backer board 背衬板 backfill 回填 backfill compactor 回填土压实机 backflow barrier 逆止阀 background heating 背景供热 background noise level 背景噪声级 backhoe pullshovel 反向铲铲土机 backhoe shovel 反向铲铲土机 backhouse 后屋 backing brick 背衬砖 backing coat 底面涂层 backplastered construction 背面抹灰的构造backstay anchor 拉霜定 backwater jump 逆柳动 backwater structure 滞水构造物 backyard 后院 bacteria bed 生物滤池 bacteria filter 生物滤池 badger 管道清理器

badger plane 槽刨 badigeon 嵌填膏泥 baffle beam 遮护梁 baffle diffuser 导铃式扩散器 baffle paint 覆面漆 baffle pier 消力柱 baffle plate 隔板 baffle wall 挡水板墙 bag cleaning device 袋装粉尘净化装置 bag conveyor 袋输送器 bag dam 袋状坝 bag filter 滤袋式滤清器 bag of cement 水泥袋 baggage elevator 运行李电梯 bagwork 装袋工作 bail handle 横木把手 baked brick 烧结砖 baked enamel finish 烧搪瓷装修 bakelite cement 酚醛尸水泥 baking 烧成 balance 平衡 balance pressure 平衡压力 balance storage 平衡贮水池 balanced cantilever method 平衡悬臂架设法

混凝土结构修复中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 对混凝土修复过程中的真正理解或误解 摘要：在最近的一段时间内，在世界的很多地方，早期钢筋的腐蚀而对混凝土结构产生的早期恶化和损坏，已经成为混凝土结构方面的主要问题。加速这个恶化过程的一个主要因素是混凝土结构所存在的环境和气候状况。恶劣的环境与低质量的混凝土加上有或无缺陷的设计和建设惯例，这都使结构恶化的过程变得具有交互性，累积得非常迅速，进而形成一种恶性的发展，而且很难被停止。很多混凝土结构耐久性差的性能正引起结构产生裂缝.而在补救工作的支出，则使物主和社会所不能承担，并且他们也不希望看到悲剧重演。这篇文章仅提出一些对钢筋腐蚀和保护选择的初步认识，而对混凝土和混凝土修理的抑制混合物腐蚀的影响

则进行了详细讨论。与抑制剂在修理效力有关的复杂论文已经发表，其中主要对基于电化学活动在新结构和修复结构方面之间差别进行了分析。随着盲目的对需要修理的混凝土使用那些适用于新建筑的保护方法，文章断定："修复混凝土"的生意将会越来越好。一种对新的和需要修理的混凝土之间的电化学差别的更广泛理解认为对修理的结构使用有效的钢筋保护是必要的。 关键词：碱度腐蚀保护耐久性抑制剂强化 1 序言 这是一个不幸的事实。全世界范围内,大量混凝土结构都处在恶化/ 危险状态的阶段。同时，必须承认的是，很多被修理的混凝土结构在几年后，一修再修。被修理混凝土结构的保持性能的长久表现则最大限度的取决于它们的设计，建设，维护和使用。与建筑在修理的几年之后出现裂缝相比，几乎没有问题能加剧公众与政府之间的冲突，并且导致他们对我们提供的建筑物用途的功能感到不满意。然而与预期相反，不管是恶劣的环境状况还是适合的环境状态,在混凝土修理过程中,腐蚀的问题已经变得非常普遍. 因而，混凝土修理业正面临一项主要的挑战：怎样制止全世界物质基础设施的腐坏。它是如此重要，对当今的混凝土修复，我们要迫切检查腐蚀和腐蚀保护措施的发行，且探索在不久的将来它有可能改进的地方，即：如何使现在的修理能耐用到将来。一种用于修理结构的,对导致过早腐蚀过程的基本理解仍然没有涉及混凝土的修理单元。而它不仅应用于修复结构钢筋锈蚀的过程和混凝土的恶化腐蚀过程，而且也被应用于多种被提议的溶液腐蚀保护技术，材料和系统。他们应用实际的历史非常悠久，但它们在许多案例中的表现是可疑的。 在混凝土修复过程中的钢筋腐蚀和保护的范围内，这篇文章提出了一些随机想法。本文围绕修理过程中钢的腐蚀的基本过程，阐明了与电化学性质相反的原理，讲述了这些过程怎样导致合成修理系统的最后失败的道理。为了延长混凝土结构的使用寿命,文章也叙述了我们能或者不能成功解决这几个问题的方法。终究，我们必须从繁忙的工作表中周期性地抽身出来，回顾一下,我们在哪里和我们可能将要去哪里。当然，在这篇文章里，有一些想法可能会引起其它人同意或者不同意的意见。但是只有当想法得到争论时，才可能取得进步，并且这也是本篇文章的目的。

建筑工程及给排水专业中英文对照翻译

Laminar and Turbulent Flow Observation shows that two entirely different types of fluid flow exist. This was demon- strated by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 through an experiment in which water was discharged from a tank through a glass tube. The rate of flow could be controlled by a valve at the outlet, and a fine filament of dye injected at the entrance to the tube. At low velocities, it was found that the dye filament remained intact throughout the length of the tube, showing that the particles of water moved in parallel lines. This type of flow is known as laminar, viscous or streamline, the particles of fluid moving in an orderly manner and retaining the same relative positions in successive cross- sections. As the velocity in the tube was increased by opening the outlet valve, a point was eventually reached at which the dye filament at first began to oscillate and then broke up so that the colour was diffused over the whole cross-section, showing that the particles of fluid no longer moved in an orderly manner but occupied different relative position in successive cross-sections. This type of flow is known as turbulent and is characterized by continuous small fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid particles, which are accompanied by corresponding small fluctuations of pressure. When the motion of a fluid particle in a stream is disturbed, its inertia