高一下册必修3精读课文与翻译精编资料

MW ￡翎坏理丄一鹫

MODULE 1 Great European Cities

PARIS

Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris. One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaura nts, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of Fran ce's artists and writers live in Paris. BARCELONA

Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelona's most famous Ian dmarks is the Church of the Sagrade Familia, which was desig ned by an architect called An ton io Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 un til his death in 1926.The church has

n't bee n fini shed yet!

FLORENCE

Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissanee, a great artistic moveme nt which bega n in the 1300s and lasted for three hun dred years. During the Ren aissa nce, some of the greatest pain ters of all time lived and worked in Flore nce. Many of Flore nee's most beautiful pain ti ngs and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a milli on tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches, and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city.

ATHENS

Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the world's most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthe non on the Acropolis Hill were built duri ng this period. Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athe ns. Their work has in flue need other writers ever since.

巴黎是法国最大的城市和首都，坐落于塞纳河。这是世界上最美丽的城市之一

并且每年有超过八百万的旅游者到这里旅游。最著名的景点就是埃弗尔铁塔，

也是法国著名的标志。最著名的艺术长廊就是罗浮宫，也坐落于法国。这座城

市同样因它的餐厅，咖啡，剧院而出名。

大约三分之二的法国艺术家和作家都定居法国。

巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大的城市，坐落于海岸的东北方，距离西班牙的东部首都马德里还有大约500公里。巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是圣家大教堂，它是由建筑师安东尼奥高迪设计

的。高迪从1882年开始着手于这项工程，直到1926年他去世的那一年，这个教堂还没有完工。佛罗伦萨是意大利所属的城市。它的久负盛名，是由于14世纪开始并持续三百

年之久的文艺复兴。在文艺复兴期间，一些最伟大的画家一直在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。大部分出色的油画和雕刻都是出自达芬奇和米开朗基罗这一类的伟大艺术家之手。每年到佛罗伦萨来参观那些艺术画廊、教堂和博物馆的游客高达百万人。乌菲齐宫殿是该城市中最著名的艺术画廊。

雅典，作为希腊的首都，是因西方文明的发源地而出名。2400年前，它是世界

上实力最雄厚的城市。雅典卫城上的帕台农神庙这一类的建筑都是在这个阶段修建的。希腊最著名的作家们都曾经在古希腊居住过。从那时起他们的作品一直对其他作家有着影响深远。

MODULE 2 The Human Developme nt Report In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreeme nt came the Huma n Developme nt Report.

One of the most importa nt secti ons of this report is The Huma n Developme nt In dex. This exam ines the achieveme nts of 175 coun tries. The in dex measures a coun try's achieveme nts in three ways: life expecta ncy (how long people usually live), educati on and in come. The in dex has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at nu mber 7. The other top five coun tries are: Icela nd (2), Swede n (3), Australia (4), the Netherla nds (5). The UK is in the thirtee nth positi on, while Chi na is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. The report describes eight developme nt goals. The most importa nt goals are to:

1)reduce poverty and hunger; 2 make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;

3) fight AIDS and other diseases;

4）improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water;

5）encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.

The 2003 Huma n Developme nt Report gives examples of successful developme nt. For example, in nine years （195—962）, Chi na in creased life expecta ncy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challe nges are still great. Every day 799 millio n people in develop ing coun tries are hun gry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more tha n 80% of childre n in develop ing coun tries go to primary school, about 115 millio n childre n are not being educated. More tha n 1 billi on people in develop ing coun tries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.

The report shows that we are maki ng some progress but that we n eed to make greater efforts. Although developed coun tries give some finan cial help, they n eed to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.

人类发展报告在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人一致同意共同努力到2015年或在更早的

时间减少贫困。由此产生了人类发展报告。这份报告一个

最重要的部分是人类发展指标。它审阅了175个国家的发展成就。指标从三个

方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人意外的情况。挪威高居榜

首，而美国则排在第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛

（2），瑞典（3）澳大利亚（4）荷兰（5）。英国位居第十三位，而中国处于

中等地位。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。

报告描述了八个发展目标。其中最重要的是：减少贫穷和饥饿；确保所有儿

童11岁之前都能接受教育；对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；改善穷苦人民的环境，例如，确保他们有安

全饮用水；鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。

2003年人类发展报告列举了一些成功发展的例子。譬如，在九年（1953-1962）

的时间里，中国的人均寿命增加了13岁。过去的十年之内，中国有1.5亿人脱贫。然而，挑战仍很

严峻。在发展中国家，每天有7.99亿人在挨饿。其中一半

以上的人来自南亚或非洲。虽然发展中国家80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍有

1.15亿的孩子得不到教育。发展中国家里十多亿的人喝不上安全的饮用水。当

然在世界的其它地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。报告显示我们

正在进步，但是我们必须做出更大的努力。虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援

助，但是提供援助的数量应该大大增加。有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、

挪威和瑞典。它们都属于世界上五个最富的国家，所以他们这样做是合情合理

的。

MODULE 3 What Is a Torn ado? A torn ado is a rotat ing colu mn of air from a

thu nderstorm to the ground. The most viole nt have wi nds of more tha n 400 kilometres per hour. Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the no rth.

Torn adoes can pick up cars, trains and eve n houses and put them dow n in the n ext stree—or eve n in the n ext tow n. They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicke n. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture in side exactly where it was. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 in juries. The worst torn ado of all time occurred in 1925, affect ing three US states: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. By the time it ended, more than 700 people had bee n killed and 2,700 had bee n inju red.

What Is a Hurrica ne? Hurrica nes are stro ng tropical storms, and they usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. There are viole nt winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more, which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods. There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Mai ne.

The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galvest on, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a populati on of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildi ngs.

An Extraord inary Eve nt This is a story about the 1900 Galvest on hurrica ne. Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada. He then moved to New York, where he became famous. By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. The cemetery where Coghla n was buried was destroyed by the hurrica ne and Coghla n's coffi n en ded up in the sea. Eight years later, the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea near his home on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada. The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the easter n US coast to Prince Edward Isla nd. Coghla n travelled back to Can ad—after he had bee n buried in Texas!

什么是龙卷风？龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。

最强烈的风速可达每小时400多公里。他们几乎都发生在美国，从东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。龙卷风能卷起汽车，火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。它们能吹掉猫背后的毛和鸡身上

的羽毛。他们能毁掉房子，却把房间类的家具留在原处平均来说，美国每年发生大约800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。最严重的一次龙卷风发生在1925年，影响了美国的3个

州，密苏里州。伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停时，已经有700多人死亡，2700人受伤。

什么是飓风？飓风是强烈的热带风暴，它们通常发生在大西洋南部、加勒比海和墨西哥湾。猛烈的飓风以120千米每小时甚至更快的速度移动，引起巨大的波浪，大雨和洪水。平均每年会发生6次大西洋飓风，通常会影响美国东部海岸从得克萨斯州到缅因州。最严重的飓风灾害是1900年9月8日发生在得克萨

斯州的加尔维斯顿，飓风以200千米每小时的速度卷起5米高的波浪向城市袭来，那次灾害夺去了37000人口中的6000条人命，摧毁了3600栋建筑物。

一个离奇的事件这是一个关于1900年的加尔维斯顿飓风的故事。查尔斯？科格伦是19世纪一位居住在加拿大的爱尔兰演员，那时，他搬到纽约并在那里出了名，19世纪90年代后期，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风来袭的前一年去世。埋葬科格伦的公墓被飓风摧毁了，科格伦的棺材最后被卷入了大海。八年之后，科格伦的棺材在加拿大东部的爱德华王子岛省被一位渔夫在离他家不远的海里发现了。墨西哥湾流载着它漂了3000千米沿着美国东海岸

漂到了爱德华王子岛省。被葬在得克萨斯州后，科格伦又漂回了加拿大。

MODULE 4 Sa ndstorms in Asia

San dstorms have bee n a major disaster for many Asia n coun tries for cen turies.

Scie ntists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in Chi na, a mass campaig n has bee n started to help solve it.

San dstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are ofte n so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong eno ugh to move sand dun es.

The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia, North America, Cen tral Africa and Australia. Ren Jia nbo, from Inner Mon golia described a terrible sandstorm he experieneed as a child in the desert.To have been caughta sandstorm was a terrible experienee, ” he said. “There was nothing to be done. the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I've ever been in. You just had to hope you'd survive. I thought I was going to disappear un der the sand. ”Northwest Chi na is part of the san dstorm centre in Cen tral Asia. San dstorms beg in in desert areas. San dstorms in China appear to have in creased in rece nt years as a result of “ desertificationThis is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate cha nges and because people cut dow n trees and dig up grass.

San dstorms sometimes affect Beiji ng. Citize ns wake up to an orange sky and stro ng winds that cover the city in a thick, brown-yellow dust. The storms sometimes continue all day and

traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.

The Chin ese Cen tral Weather Stati on can forecast a san dstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. Huang

Xiaomei, who lives in Beijing says, To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening. The

winds are very strong. It's difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. So if you want to go out, you'd better wear a mask. ”

The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing. To prevent it coming n earer, the gover nment is pla nti ng trees. Already the gover nment has pla nted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue planting for the next five years.

亚洲沙尘暴几个世纪以来，沙尘暴已经成为很多亚洲国家的严重灾害。科学

家已经想了很多办法来解决这个问题，在中国，已经开展了一场帮助解决沙尘

暴问题的大型战争。沙尘暴是带有沙石和尘土的强大而干燥的风。沙尘暴通常

很浓密以至于人们都看不见太阳，有时候，风的强度大到可以掀动沙丘。世界上四个主要的有沙尘暴的地方是：亚洲中部、北美、非洲中部和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波描述了他小时候在沙漠中经历过的一次严重的沙尘暴，“被困在沙尘暴中是一种很可怕的经历，”他说，“什么也干不了，那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况，你只能希望自己能够幸存，我原以为我会消失在沙石底

下。”中国西北是亚洲中央沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴开始于沙漠地带，近年来因为“沙漠化”，中国发生沙尘暴的次数明显增加了。这是发生在由于气候变化以及人们砍伐树木、开垦草地等使得陆地变成沙漠时的过程。有时候沙

尘暴会影响北京，市民醒来时，发现昏黄的天空，狂风夹着黄沙在城里肆虐。暴风有时持续一整天，因为浓密的尘土降低了能见度，所以车辆等开得很慢。

中国中央气象台在沙尘暴到达北京前的几个星期就能预见到，但是风暴的威力有时是惊人的。当沙尘暴到达一个城市时，专家会建议人们不要出门。居住在北京的黄小梅说；“在沙尘暴中骑车是很可怕的，风力非常强，很难呼吸，而且尘土会让我得病，所以如果你想出门，最好带上面罩。”沙漠位于北京西边距