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初中英语常用易混词汇辨析

初中英语常用易混词汇辨析
初中英语常用易混词汇辨析

初中英语常用易混词汇辨析

汇用法例句above“在……上方”,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:belowThe sun rose above the horizon、太阳

升到了地平线以上。over“在……上面”,含有垂直在上的意思There is a bridge over the river、河上有座桥。o n“在……

上面”,含有与表面相接触的意思There is an oil painting on the wall、墙上有一幅油画。across/through 词汇用法例句across“横过,穿过”,指从……的一边到另一边Be careful when you walk across the road、当你过马路的时候要小心。through “穿过”,强调从内部穿过The river flows through

the city from west to east、这条河从西到东流过城市。at

all/ after all 词汇用法例句at all“全然,根本不”,一

般用于否定句中加强语气She doesn’t like football at all、她一点也不喜欢足球。a fter all“毕竟,终究,到底”,一般

置于句首或句末作状语After all, he is a child、毕竟,他还是个孩子。f ew / a few / little / a little 词汇含义修饰名

词肯定/否定例句few几乎没有可数否定I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here、我刚来到这里,所以我在这里没

有几个朋友。a few有一些肯定Though the man has been here for only one month, he has a few friends、尽管这个人才在

这里住了一个月,但他就有了一些朋友。l ittle几乎没有不可数

否定There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any、杯子里几乎没有水了,你不可能喝到水了。a

little有一些肯定There is a little water in the glass、杯子里有一些水。a go/ before词汇含义用法例句ago以前只用于一般过去时,表示从现在算起的一段时间以前He died two years ago、他是两年前去世的。b efore后接“时间点”,可用于任何时态;它也可放在“时间段”后,用于完成时或一般过去时I got there before5 o’clock in the afternoon、我下午五点钟前到了那里。I never saw him before、我以前没见过他。a lone/ lonely词汇用法一言辨义alone“单独的”,只能作表语,强调数量单一He lives alone, but he never feels lonely、他独自一人生活着,但是他从不感到寂寞。lonely“孤独的,寂寞的”,强调心理感受already/ yet 词汇含义用

法例句 already已经常用于肯定句,多与完成时和进行时连用。用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度I have already finished it、我已经做完了。I s it Sunday already?已经到星期天啦?yet通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中意为“已经”,在否定句中意为“还,尚未”I haven’t learned it yet、我还不知道此事。Has he come yet?他还没来吗?(表疑问) answer/ reply词汇含义用法例句answer回答,答复它可以用作及物动词或不及物动词He answered my question、他回答了我的问题。It is a difficult question to answer、这是

一个难以回答的问题。reply常用作不及物动词,回答某人或某事,后接to I didn’t reply to him、我没有答复他。a rrive /reach/get to词汇含义用法例句 arrive到达是不及物动词,arrive + in + 大地方(国家、城市等); arrive + at + 小地方(村庄、车站、码头等)

He arrived in Nanning last week、他上星期来到南宁。r each是及物动词,后直接跟地点名词作宾语Please write to me when you reach Beijing、你到北京后请给我写信。get to后接副词here,there,home时,要省略to When did you get home yesterday?你昨天什么时候到的家?agree with/ agree on/ agree to 词汇用法例句agree with表示“与……意见一致”

I don’t agree with you、我不同意你的意见。a gree on表示“双方就……达成一致协议” China and the U、S、

A、 agreed on the place and time for the next meeting、中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了一致。a gree to表示“同意,认同”,宾语一般为“计划、安排”We all agreed to your plan、我们都同意你的计划。a little/ a

bit 词汇相同点不同点例句a little表示“一点儿”,都可修饰形容词、副词及其比较级,也可修饰动词a little后可直接接不可数名词,a bit若修饰不可数名词必须用a bit ofGet up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star、起早一点你就会看到那位明星了。a bitHe ate a little / a bit of

food this morning、他今天早上就吃了一点食物。a s/like词汇含义用法例句as像作介词,意为“以……的身份;作为” She works as an interpreter in that company、她在那个公司里担任翻译员。l ike作介词,意为“像(如同)……一样,如……般的” It’s not like you to take offense、你不像会发脾气的人。after/in词汇含义用法例句after在……之后以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中She went after three days、她是三天以后走的?in以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中 She will go in three days、她三天以后要走?by the way/on the way/in the way 词汇用法例句by the way常用作状语,意为“顺便问一下,顺便说一下” By the way, how old are you?顺便问一下,你多大了?

on the way“在……的路上”,后接名词时需加介词to He bought a pen on his/the way to school、他在上学的路上买了一支钢笔。i n the way“挡路;妨碍” Your car is in the way、你的小汽车挡路了。because/because of 词汇含义用法例句because因为是连词,其后接句子He didn’t come because he was ill、因为病了,他没来。because of是复合介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等We have to put off the meeting because of the bad weather、因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟会议。be afraid that/be afraid of词汇

用法例句be afraid that如果后接宾语从句,意为“恐怕……”,用来表示带有歉意的回话或引出令人不满意的消息

I’m afraidI can’t help you、我恐怕帮不了你的忙。b e afraid of后接名词/代词/动名词,意为“害怕做某事” I am afraid of going out at night、我害怕晚上出去。b

ig/large/great/ huge 词汇用法例句big侧重于表示物体的

块头、重量,含有庞大、笨重的意思,其反义词是little This coat is too big for her、这件上衣对她来说太大了。l arge

侧重表示物体的宽度和数量,有广阔和众多的含义,其反义词是small China is a large country、中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。great常表示“伟大的”,带有一定的感情色彩Einstein is a great scientist、爱因斯坦是位伟大的科学家。huge表示“巨大的;极大的”,修饰具体事物,指规格数额超常The earth is a huge ball、地球是一个巨大的球。below/under 词汇含

义用法例句below在……的下面所指范围较广,不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above

Fromthetopofthemountain,wecouldseethewholevillagebelowus

、从山顶上,我们可以看见下面乡村的全貌。under所指范围较窄,往往表示在某物的正下方,其反义词是overThereisacatunderthetable、桌子底下有只猫。between/ among 词汇含义用法例句between在……之间用于表示双方

之间的关系There is a tree between the two houses、这两座

房子之间有一棵树。among用于表示三个或三个以上之间的关系London is among the greatest cities of the world、伦敦是

世界上最大的城市之一。another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others 词汇用法例句another指不定数目中的“另一

个,又一个” I don’t think the coat is good enough、 Can you show me another one ? 我认为这件上衣不够好。你能给我

看另一件吗?the other指两个中的“另一个” He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing、他有两个儿

子,一个在上海,另一个在北京。other泛指“另外的”, 修饰复数名词We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects、我们学习中文、数学、英语和别的科目。others泛指“另外的人或物”,但不指其余的人或物的全部Some like swimming, others like boating、一些喜欢游泳,其他的一些喜

欢划船。the others特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物” There are thirty books on the bookshelf、 Five are mine, the others are my father’s、书架上有三本书。五本是我的,

其余是我爸爸的。as/ when/ while词汇用法例句as“当(在)……时候”,往往可与when 或while通用,但它着重指主

句和从句的动作或事情同时发生I saw him as he was getting

off the bus、他下公共汽车的时候,我看见了他。when“当(在)……的时候”,主句和从句的动作或事情可以同时发生,也

可以先后发生It was raining when we arrived、当我们到达的

时候,正下着雨。while“当(在)……的时候”,表主句的动作或事情发生在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程之中。从句通常用进

行时态Please don’t talk so loud while others are working、别人在工作的时候,请勿大声讲话。borrow/ lend 词

汇含义用法例句borrow借是以“我”为中心“借进”的意

思,常与from连用I’ve borrowed two books from the library、我从图书馆借了两本书。l end意为“借出”,常跟介词to搭配Can you lend your dictionary to me?能把你的字典借给我吗?bring/ take/ fetch/ carry 词汇用法例句

bring“带来”,指把某物从别的地方带到说话人的这个地方来Remember to bring your book tomorrow、记得明天把你的书带来。t ake“带走”,即把某物带到别的地方去It’s going to rain、You’d better take an umbrella with you、要下雨

了。你最好带上一把雨伞。f etch“去取来某物”,它包括一个

往返的过程Will you go and fetch some water?你去取一点水来,好吗?

carry一般指“随身携带的细小物品”,此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具,意为“运载”的意思 The bus carried me to the park yesterday、昨天公共汽车把我载到了公园。b eat/win 词汇用法例句beat后接的宾语一般为人或相当于人的名词,“打败……”We beat Class Four in the football match yesterday、昨天足球赛我们打败了四班。w in一般后接物或比赛

作宾语We won the football game、我们赢得了足球赛的胜利。b ecause/since/for词汇用法例句because“因为”,表直接而明确的原因或理由,即必然的因果关系He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill、昨天他只得待在家里,因为他

病了。s ince“既然”,比as正式,说明为人所知的原因,语气比because 稍弱Since he can’t answer the question,

you’d bet ter ask someone else、既然他回答不了这个问题,

你最好问问别人。for“因为”,表原因或理由时,用以说明理由,只是解释性的It must have rained, for the road is wet、一定下过雨了,因为路是湿的。be made of / be made from词汇用法例句be made of“由……制成/造”,成品看得出原料The desk is made of wood、这张桌子是木头制成的。be made from“由……制造/成”,成品看不出原料Paper is made from rags、纸是由破布做成的。by/ with/ in 词汇含义用法例句by用“以……方式(方法、手段)” He goes to school by bike、他骑自行车上学。with指“借助于具体的手段或工具” Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder、吉姆用梯子爬树。i n“以……方式,用某种语言” Can you say it in English?你

能用英语表达它吗?

be used for/ be used as/ be used by 词汇用法例句be used for“用来作……”A pen is used for writing、笔是用来书写的。b e used as“……被用作……” English is used as

a useful tool in our country、在我国,英语被作为一种有用

的工具来使用。b e used byby后接使用的执行者,“为……所使用”之意English is used by travelers and business people all over the world、英语被世界上的旅游者和商人们使用。b esides/except 词汇含义用法例句besides除……之外意为“除……之外(还有)” I have another blue pen besides this one、除了这支外,我还有另一支蓝色钢笔。e xcept意为“除……之外(不再有)” We all passed the exam except Tom、我们都通过了考试,汤姆除外。b oth/ all词汇含义用

法例句both都指“两者都” His two brothers are bo th workers、他的两个兄弟都是工人。a ll指“三者或三者以上都” The students all work hard、学生们都很用功。b e anger

with/ be angry about词汇用法例句be anger with只能跟表“人”的名词或代词,意为“生某人的气” The teacher was angry with me for my coming late、老师因为我来晚生气了。b e angry at/ about“因某事而愤怒” , at或about后只能接表“事物”的名词He was angry about/ at missing the film、他为错过那场电影而生气。c atch a cold/have a cold词汇含义用法例句catch a cold得感冒强调动作It’s cold outside、Go into the house,or you’ll catch a cold、外面冷。到房

间里去吧,不然你会感冒的。h ave a cold强调状态I have had a cold for several days and I can’t get rid of it、我已

经感冒好几天了,可还是好不了。c an/be able to 词汇含义

用法例句can能表示“本能”或“能够”,有一般时和过去

时,后接动词原形一起构成谓语I can sing the English song、我会唱这首英文歌。b e able to后接动词原形,表示“能够”,多指一个人经过后天的努力从而获取的一种“能力”,有各种时

态If you work hard, you will be able to master English、只要你努力,你就能掌握好英语。d o with/deal with词汇含

义用法例句 do with处理do with 常与连接代词 what 连用I don’t know what they do with the problem、= I don’t know how they deal with the problem、我不知道他们如何处

理这个问题。deal withdeal with 常与连接副词 how 连用

die/dead/dying/death 词汇用法例句die终止性动词,不用

于被动语态 He has died、他死了。dead形容词,表状态,可以跟表示延续的时间状语连用His grandfather has been dead for five years、他的祖父去世已经有五年了。d ying作形容词,意为“垂死的,快熄灭的” This is a dying dog、这是一条垂死

的狗。death名词,死亡He was sentenced to death、他被判处死刑。discover/invent 词汇用法例句discover“发现”,发现的事物是本来存在的或是有人知道的Columbus discovered America、哥伦布发现了美洲。invent“发明”,发明的东西是

从前没有的Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸汽机?else/other 词汇含义用法例句 else别的;其他的可作形

容词或副词,作形容词时,常放在疑问代词、不定代词之后作后置定语;作副词时也要后置What else did you do?你还做了些什么?other作形容词时,用于修饰名词或某些代词,但必须前置Where are the other comrades?其他的同志在哪里?every day/ everyday词汇用法一言辨义every day是副词词组,意为“每天,天天”,在句中作状语I study everyday English every day、我每天学习日常英语。everyday是形容词,意为“日常的,普通的”,在句中作定语family/ home/house 词汇含义用法例句family家指由父母、子女所组成的家庭,是集体名词,也可把它看成单数 His family is a large one、他的家是一个大家庭。home指一个人出生或居住的地方,具有抽象的含义I love my home、我爱我家。house指供一家人住的房子,侧重于具体的建筑物There are four rooms in the house、在这个房子里有四个房间。final/last词汇用法例句final表终止或结束之意,有时带有决定性或结论性等意味Today is the final day of this term、今天是本学期的最后一天。last“最后的,末尾的”, 指按次序的前后或时间的先后居于最后,并意味着后面不再有了 My house stands in the last row、我的房子位于最后一排。be famous as/ be famous for词汇用法例句be famous as“以(某种身份)……出名(著名)” , as后跟人作宾语,其往往与主语同位She is famous as a poet、她是一位著名的诗人。be famous for“因……而闻名(驰名)”表示由于某种

特征而出名China has been famous for its silk、中国素以丝绸闻名。forget/leave词汇含义用法例句forget忘记,遗忘表示忘记某物时,后面不能接具体的地点Don’t forget your exercise book、别忘了你的练习本。leave表示“把某物遗忘在某处”,后可接具体地点I’m sorry I left my exercise book at home、对不起,我把我的练习本忘在家里了。forget to do sth、/forget doing sth、词汇用法例句forget to do sth、忘记要去做某事(事情还未做)Don’t forget to wake me up

at6:00 tomorrow morning、别忘了明天早晨6点叫醒我。forget doing sth、忘记做过某事(事情已做过或已经发生)I forgot telling him about the news、我忘了曾把那条消息告诉过他。for example/such as 词汇含义用法例句for example例如主要是用来举个例子,在句中作插入语,可位于句首、句末或句中Some students, for example, John, live in the city、有些学生,如约翰吧,就住在城里。such assuch as 用来列举事物,和被列举的事物一起放在所要说明的名词之后,有时也可分开使用。“such as+被列举的事物”作前面名词的同位语Some boys such as Tom, Mike like to play football、有些男孩,如汤姆、迈克,喜欢踢足球。fast / quick/ quickly 词汇含义用法例句fast快通常指“行走、跑、唱、跳”等动作的速度快He runs faster than I、他比我跑得快。q uick是形容词,有“迅速”之意,指对某一问题反应的速度快He gave

me a quick answer、他迅速地回答我的问题。q uickly是副词,指接到某种口令时,做动作的速度快Go downstairs quickly、迅速下楼。get/turn/grow/ become词汇含义用法例句get变得表示进入或变成某种状态,通常与形容词或形容词比较级连用,表状态The day gets shorter and shorter、日子变得越来越短。t urn“成为和以前完全不同的东西”的含义,后接形容词或过去分词The trees turn green in spring、在春天,树变绿了。

g row表示逐渐变为新的状态的含义,着重变化过程My little brother is growing tall、我的小弟弟长高了。b ecome用法较为正式,强调由一种状态向另一种状态的变化,后接形容词或名词 He has become a doctor、他成为了一名医生。g o to

bed/go to sleep/fall asleep/ be asleep 词汇用法例句go to bed表动作,指“去睡觉”I often go to bed late、我经常很晚才去睡觉。go to sleep也表动作,指进入“睡着”状态He found it difficult to go to sleep、他发现很难入睡。f all asleep表动作,意为“刚刚入睡”,指“刚睡着”的动作He

fell asleep when there was a loud knock at the door、他刚睡着,这时有人大声敲门。be asleep表状态,意为“睡着

的”The baby has been asleep for an hour、这孩子睡着一个小时了。h appen/take place词汇含义用法例句happen发生常指具体事件的发生,特别指那些偶然的或不能预见的“发

生”Howdidtheaccidenthappen?这事故是怎样发生的?take

place通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”,此外还有“举行”之意Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceliberation、解放以后,发生了巨大变化。have been to/have gone to/have been

in词汇用法例句have been to表示“曾经到过某处”,但目前人不在那儿Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?

have gone to表示“去了”,指人已经走了(至少目前不在说话的地点,在去的途中或已经到达目的地)She isn’t here、She has gone to Nanjing、她不在这儿。她去南京了。have been in表示“去了某地,并曾在那儿(一段时间),或现在仍在那儿” She has been in Shanghai for a few weeks、她在上海

待了几个周了。hear/listen词汇用法一言辨义hear“听

到”,强调听的结果,不一定是有意识的We listened carefully for a long time but heard nothing、我们仔细地听了半天,

但什么也没听到。listen“听”,强调听的动作,当然未必能听

到什么。是不及物动词,接宾语时要加to how often/how

soon/how long/how far 词汇用法例句how often“多长时间一次,每隔多久”,对句中的often, usually, every day, never, once a week等表示频率的副词提问Once a week、一周一次。h ow soon“某事多快能发生或完成”,常对句子中的“in”时间状语进行提问In a month、一个月吧。h ow

long“多长/久时间”,对“for…”,“since…”等表示一段时间的状语提问He will be away for two days、两天时间。how

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