英语国家

名词解释：

New England: a region in the northeastern corner of the United States, it consists of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. In the late 18th century, the New England colonies would be among the first North American British colonies.

(2)The Bill of Rights: the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known. They are introduced by James Madison to the First United States Congress in 1789 as a series of articles, and came into effect on December 15, 1791, when they had been ratified by three-fourths of the States. An agreement to create the Bill of Rights helped to secure ratification of the Constitution itself.

(3)The opposition: the party which wins most MP in the House of Commons becomes the Government. By tradition, the sovereign invites the leader of that party to form a government. the largest minority party becomes the official Opposition, with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".

(4)British Public School: Private fee-paying schools which are officially termed independent schools(historically referred to as "public schools"). They are independent of local or central government control and they are originally created to provide education for the sons of the rich and aristocratic. One famous public school is Eton.

(5)Ivy League: The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University.

(6)The Great Depression: The Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan, the New Deal, instituted unprecedented programs for relief, recovery and reform, and brought about a major realignment of American politics.

(7)The NHS: the National Health Service, formally established in 1948, was to ensure that all people had equal access to health care with the service funded entirely form general taxation and National Insurance contribution.

(8)The British Constitution: the UK has no written constitution in any one document. It is only partly written and contained in multiple documents. They mainly consist of three parts: statute, common law or judge-made law and conventions.

(9)American Constitution: The United States is one of the youngest nations in the world yet its written institution is the world's oldest one in force. It has 6 related but distinct principles: ①federalism ②a vigorous executive ③a supreme national court ④checks and balance ⑤limited

government a mixed government

(10)Constitutional Monarchy: In theory the monarch has enormous power, but given the nature of the constitutional monarchy, The monarch is the official head of the state, she is supposed to reign but not rule.

(11)British Isles: A geographical term that includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and many offshore island in the surrounding sea

(12)Oxbridge: Oxbridge is a composite of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England, and the term is now used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior intellectual or social status. Oxbridge can be used as a noun referring to either or both universities or as an adjective describing them or their students.

(13)The Melting Pot: It is used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States. The United States has often called "a nation of immigrants". The "melting pot" metaphor implies both a melting of cultures and intermarriage of ethnicities.

(14)TAFE: Technical and Further Education are offered by Technical and Further Education institutes. Australia TAFE are designed to provide students with nationally recognized competencies that employers have identified as critical to their needs.

(15)The Declaration of Independence: The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. It was written primarily by Thomas Jefferson.

(16)White Australian Policy: From Federation to the latter part of 20th century, Australia had excluded non-European immigrants. Such an approach is the white australia policy, a racist immigration policy made by the British colonists against colored people.

问答题：

1, what's ur idea about the diversity of US population?

The United States has often called "a nation of immigrants".Approximately 67% of all American citizens are either descended wholly and directly from people born Europe, Like British, German, Irish, French, Italian ect. Black Americans are the largest minority group in the United States. Latinos /Hispanics are about 9% of the population. Asian Americans include refugees after the Vietnam war, Asian Indians, descendants of Chinese ect. Native Americans/American Indians are about 1% of American population. 2, what were the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution?

It happened from the 18th to the 19th century. It started with the mechanisation of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. It resulted in the growth of large urban areas in north and central England, it witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. As the revolution in industry progressed a succession of machines became available which increased food production with ever fewer labourers.

3, what's ur idea about the necessity for the UK to keep the monarchy(the queen or the king)?

The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The Monarch is a a symbolic head of state, the symbolic functions are crucial to the "Britishness" of Britain. As a constitutional monarch, the Queen is limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours. Though the ultimate executive authority over the government of the United Kingdom is still by and through the monarch's royal prerogative, in practice these powers are only used according to laws enacted in Parliament or within the constraints of convention and precedent.

4,what's ur opinion about the power-sharing and power-checking policy of US Gov.?

With federalism as a form of political arrangement, Americans are subject to two governments, that of their state and that of their Union, each has its own distinct functions. The states have the primary functions of providing law and order, education, public health and most of the thins which concern the day-to-day life. While the federal government is concerned with foreign affairs and with matters of general concern to all the states, including interstate commerce. Separation of powers lodge in three branches--the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary. With the constitution as the highest law of the land, US federal courts are put in the position to determine the legitimacy of state laws and constitutions, and the US Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of of national and state laws,

thereby ensuring the rule of the law in the country.

5,what role does the community college play? What functions does it perform? Why is it important in American higher education? What's the guiding principle of such a college?

Community college are primarily two-year public institutions providing higher education and lower-level tertiary education, granting certificates, diplomas, and associate's degrees to students after two years of study. If community college students want to earn a BA or BS degree, they may do so in a four-year college. community colleges primarily attract and accept students from the local community, and are often supported by local tax revenue.

6, what's the most important established church in Britain? How is it related to the crown and linked with the state?

The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church, is the established or national church in England. The British monarch is required to be a member of the Church of England and holds the titles of Supreme Governor of the Church of England and Defender of the Faith. The monarch appoints archbishops and bishops upon the advice of Prime Minister. Two archbishops, together with 24 senior bishops, sit in the House of Lords serving as the link to Parliament.

7, what do u think of the weather in Great Britain? Do u think that the uncertainty of the weather rally has a definite effect upon the Englishmen's character? And how does it influence the Englishmen's character?

The UK's unique climate pattern inevitably results in a changeable and often unpredictable weather. And this changeability of weather is a conditioning factor of the national character that helped the British become more adaptable. And the frequent drizzles and gloomy skies in winter are so depressing that people tend to suffer the so-called seasonal affective disorder, characteristics of which include fatigue, low spirits, sluggishness and inability to carry out normal routine.

8, Tell briefly the history of the two-party system in US.what are the characteristics of the two major parties in US?

US has two leading parties--Democrats and Republicans. Republicans tend to oppose the greater involvement of the federal government in some areas of public life which they consider to be the responsibility of the state. However, Democrats tend to favor a more active role of the national government in social matters.

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英语国家概况论文-政治体制 英文

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英语国家概况-谢福之-修正-选择题

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英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标

英语国家概况学习手册选择题

第一章British the republic of ireland became independent in the year(1949) the british empire was replaced by the british commonwealth in(1931) the English people and the English language were born from the union of(norman conquerors an the defeated anglo-sax ons the first known settlers of Britain were (the iberians) about 80000 scots speak gaelic which is an ancient (celtic language) the ancestors of the welsh were the ancient(celts) the average population density in Britain is(250)people per square kilo in 1066 harold and his troops fought against William on Senlac field near(hastlings) the Plantagenet dynasty was found by(henry 2) english reformation was carried out by(henry8) simon de Montfort reform beginning of English (parliament) from 1649 to 1658,it was ruled first by oliver Cromwell as(lord protector) it was during the reign of(anne)the the name great Britain came into being in 1707 the 1851 london great exposition was held in the crystal palace designed by queen(victoria)husband albert. the house of commons has(650)members of parliament british conservative party(tory)party in the 18th century the house of common is headed by（the speaker） the economic policy in the 1950s and 1960s was based on(john maynard keynes) in Britain less than(2/)are farmers britain became a net exporter of oil in the(1980s) the following financial institutions have their headquarters in London except(royal bank of scotland) to stimulate economic recovery, the thacher polcies but(interventionism) britain is the(sixth)largest trading nation british oil fields were discovered on the(north sea) the national health service was established in(1948) (central government)is directly responsible for the nhs children up to the age of (16) can receive family allowance for children (the baptists)is not among the anglican churches (the Methodist church)is the largest of the free churches the principal non-Christian communities in Britain are(the jews) the church of scotland is a(Presbyterian) (the free churches)in Britain have also been known as dissenters (7) roman catholic provinces in great Britain the church of english has two provinces, they are(Canterbury and york) there are some (90)universities the universities of oxford and cambridge date from the (12th and 13th) (public schools)are independent schools secondary education in(northern ireland) is selective harrow school is a(public school) higher education is usually defined as advanced course of a standard higher(gce a level) the following universities belong to red brick except(glasgow) the leading scientific society in Britain is(the royal society) the times is a (quality daily) the daily mirror is a popular daily