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1987年考研英语试题及答案

1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section I Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

I was caught ________ the rain yesterday.

[A] in

[B] by

[C] with

[D] at

ANSWER: [A]

1. The skyscraper stands out ________ the blue sky.

[A] in

[B] against

[C] under

[D]beneath

2. They have always been on good ________ with their next-door

neighbors.

[A] friendship

[B] relations

[C] connection

[D]terms

3. Hello! Is that 21035? Please put me ________ to the manager.

[A] across

[B] up

[C] through

[D]over

4. Why do you look so ________? You never smile or look cheerful.

[A] miserable

[B] unfortunate

[C] sorry

[D]rude

5. Eggs, though nourishing, have ________ of fat content.

[A] large number

[B] a large number

[C] the high amount

[D]a high amount

6. Jim always ________ his classmates in a debate.

[A] backs out

[B] backs away

[C] backs up

[D]backs down

7. Most of the people who ________ two world wars are strongly against

arms race.

[A] have lived out

[B] have lived through

[C] have lived on

[D]have lived off

8. There are many inconveniences that have to be ________ when you are

camping.

[A] put up

[B] put up with

[C] put off

[D]put away

9. Is it true that those old houses are being pulled down ________ new

office blocks?

[A] to accommodate

[B] to provide for

[C] to increase

[D]to make room for

10. Being in no great hurry, ________.

[A] we went the long route with scenery

[B] the long, scenic route was our preference

[C] we took the long scenic route

[D] our preference was taking the long, scenic route

Section II Reading Comprehension

Each of three passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers, read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Text 1

For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a “Helix,” which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.

The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.

Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.

The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

11. People expect that ________.

[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by

helicopters

[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of

people from place to place as airliners are now doing

[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engi neer’s invention

would become a reality in the future

[D]their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be

fulfilled by airliners of today

12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top

[B] a rotating device topside

[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each

end

[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?

[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.

[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.

[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early

airplanes.

[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average

individuals.

14. How has the use of helicopters developed?

[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.

[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.

[C] They are used for rescue work.

[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely

essential?

[A] For overseas passenger transportation.

[B] For extremely high altitude flights.

[C] For high-speed transportation.

[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of

craft.

Text 2

In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost

its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boy’s gy mnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes’ expenses.

The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.

[A] were merely national athletic festivals

[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious

colour

[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous

position

[D]were primarily national events with few foreign participants

17. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.

[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games

[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were

allowed to take part

[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete

in Games

[D]all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

18. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.

[A] has not definitely been established

[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors

[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held

[D] was considered unimportant

19. Modern athletes’ results cannot be compared with those of ancient

runners because ________.

[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results

[B] they are much better

[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past

[D] they are much worse

20. Nowadays, the athletes’ expenses are paid for ________.

[A] out of the prize money of the winners

[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations

[C] by the athletes themselves

[D] by contributions

Text 3

In science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. “Ele ctricity,” Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.”Until recently scientists would have

disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

21. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________.

[A] to explain why things happen

[B] to explain how things happen

[C] to describe self-evident principles

[D] to support Aristotelian science

22. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand

years?

[A] the speculations of Thales

[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity

[C] Aristotle’s natural science

[D] Galileo’s discoveries

23. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is ________.

[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists

[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles

[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward

“how” things happen

[D]in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward

“why” things happen

24. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the

idea ________.

[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe

[B] that man cannot discover what forces “really” are

[C] that there are self-evident principles

[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do

25. Modern science came into being ________.

[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced

[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen

[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen

[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality

of reasoning

Section III Structure and Vocabulary

Fill in the blanks with the words which best complete the sentence. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It was the largest experiment we have ever had, it ________ six hours.

[A] ended

[B] finished

[C] was

[D] lasted

ANSWER: [D]

26. As scheduled, the communications satellite went into ________ round

the earth.

[A] circle

[B] orbit

[C] path

[D]course

27. When I saw Jane, I stopped and smiled, but she ________ me and walked

on.

[A] refused

[B] ignored

[C] denied

[D]missed

28. It was a good game, and at the end the ________ was Argentina 3, West

Germany 2.

[A] mark

[B] account

[C] record

[D]score

29. George took ________ of the fine weather to do a day’s work in his

garden.

[A] chance

[B] interest

[C] advantage

[D]charge

30. Is there anyone who ________ the plans put forward by the committee?

[A] differs

[B] opposes

[C] disagrees

[D]refuses

31. All too ________ it was time to go back to school after the summer

vacation.

[A] often

[B] quick

[C] fast

[D]soon

32. In an accident when two cars run into each other, they ________.

[A] hit

[B] knock

[C] strike

[D]collide

33. The noise was caused by a boy ________ a cat through the garden.

[A] catching

[B] fighting

[C] following

[D]chasing

34. He drove fast and arrived an hour ________ of schedule.

[A] in advance

[B] ahead

[C] abreast

[D]in front

35. This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

[A] gives

[B] entitles

[C] grants

[D]credits

Section IV Cloze Test

For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and[D]. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice.

(10 points)

EXAMPLE:

For instance, the automobile tunnel might ________ huge ventilation problems.

[A] make

[B] bring

[C] raise

[D] create

ANSWER: [D]

Cheques have 36 replaced money as a means of exchange for they are

widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a

certain 37 when he accepts a cheques and he is quite 38 his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.

People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called 39. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large 40 of precious stones and asked to be shown some

pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques.

The assistant said that this was quite 41 but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.

The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long

ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him

that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay 42 the wanted to get into serious trouble. 43, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the 44, but explained that

a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note

which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note 45:

“I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him.

36. [A] exactly

[B] really

[C] largely

[D]thoroughly

37. [A] danger

[B] chance

[C] risk

[D]opportunity

38. [A] within

[B] beyond

[C] without

[D]out of

39. [A] in difficulty

[B] in doubt

[C] in earnest

[D]in question

40. [A] amount

[B] stock

[C] number

[D]store

41. [A] in order

[B] in need

[C] in use

[D] in common

42. [A] whether

[B] if

[C] otherwise

[D]unless

43. [A] Really

[B] Sure enough

[C] Certainly

[D]However

44. [A] treatment

[B] manner

[C] inconvenience

[D]behaviour

45. [A] read

[B] told

[C] wrote

[D]informed

Section V Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

It is highly desirable that a new president ________(appoint) for this college.

ANSWER: (should) be appointed

46. With all factors ________ (consider) we think this program may excel

all the others in achieving the goal.

47. They had been working round the clock for a couple of days ________

(hope) to get the design out before their competitors did.

48. There’s a general understanding among the members of the Board of

Directors that chief attention ________ (give) to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.

49. If we don’t start out now, we must risk ________ (miss) the train.

50. This test ________ (intend) to reinforce what you have learnt in the

past few weeks.

51. The members of the delegation were glad ________ (stay) longer than

originally planned.

52. With full knowledge of his past experience, we knew all along that

he ________ (succeed).

53. ________ (Know not) what appropriate measures to be taken to cope

with the situation, he wrote to his lawyer for advice.

54. It’s no good ________ (write) to him, he never answers letters. The

only thing to do is to go and see him.

55. ________ (Come) what may, we’re not going to make any concessions

to his unreasonable demands.

Section VI Error-detection and Correction

Each question consists of a sentence with four underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down the correct word or phrase on the line in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

EXAMPLE:

You’ve to hur ry up if you want to buy something because

A there’s

hardly something

C left

ANSWER: [C] anything

56. In

A his response to

the advertisement, Ed. replied that he was looking

for a full-time position

C not a part-time

one.

57. No one who has seen

A him work

in the laboratory can deny

that William

has great capabilities of

research.

58. Neither of the alternatives that had been outlined

the last meeting

B were

acceptable to

the executive committee.

59. Airline companies today require

A that all luggage’s

be inspected

before passengers are admitted into

the waiting rooms.

60. Although Alice has been

A to the mountains many times

before, she

still C loves visiting it

61. An important function of the World Health Organization is to improve

the healthy

B and living conditions for the sick and the poor of

world D

62. The element carbon is widely

A found

in nature

in many forms including

both diamonds as well as

coal.

63. While still a young boy

A Bizet knew to play

the piano well and as

grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which

is Carmen.

64. Despite the fact that

A the South Pole is as snow-covered

and

stormy-weathered

C as the North Pole, it is colder

than the North Pole.

65. Climate

A conditions vary widely

from place to place and from season to

season, but a certain order and pattern

C can be identifiable

Section VII Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English (15 points)

66. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。

67. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。

68. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。

69. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。

70. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。

Section VIII English-Chinese Translation

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

Have there always been cities? (71)Life without large urban areas may seem inconceivable to us, but actually cities are relatively recent development. Groups with primitive economics still manage without them. The trend, however, is for such groups to disappear, while cities are increasingly becoming the dominant mode of man’s social existence. (72) Historically, city life has always been among the elements which form a civilization. Any high degree of human endeavor and achievement has been closely linked to life in an urban environment. (73) It is virtually impossible to imagine that universities, hospitals, large businesses or even science and technology could have come into being without cities to support them. To most people, cities have traditionally been the areas where there was a concentration of culture as well as of opportunity.

(74)In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. What has happened to the modern American city? Actually, the problem is not such a new one. Long before this century started, there had begun a trend toward the concentration of the poor of the American society into the cities. Each great wave of immigration from abroad and from the rural areas made the problem worse. During this century, there has also been the development of large suburban areas surrounding the cities, for the rich prefer to live in these areas. Within the cities, sections may be sharply divided into high and low rent districts, the “right side of town” and the slums.

Of course, everyone wants to do something about this unhappy situation. But there is no agreement as to goals. Neither is there any systematic approach or integrated program. Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them. (75)But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved. Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities. Of course, there is the problem of persuading people to move out of them of their own free will. (76) And there is also the objection that the city has always been the core from which cultural advancement has radiated. Is this, however, still the case today in the presence of easy transportation and communication? Does culture arise as a result of people living together communally, or is it too the result of decisions made at the level of government and the communications industry?

It is probably true to say that most people prefer to preserve the cities. Some think that the cities could be cleaned up or totally rebuilt. This is easy to say; it would not be so easy to do. (77) To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. Living conditions could not help but improve, at least for a while. But would the problems return after the rebuilding was completed?

Nevertheless, with the majority of the people living in urban areas, the problem of the cities must be solved. (78)From agreement on this general goal, we have, unfortunately, in the past proceeded to disagreement on specific goals, and from there to total inaction. At the basis of much of this inaction is an old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.

1987年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary(10 points)

Section II: Reading Comprehension (15 points)

Section III: Structure and Vocabulary(10 points)

Section IV: Cloze Test (10 points)

Section V: Verb Forms (10 points)

Section VI: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)

Section VII:Chinese-English Translation (15 points)

66. All those who work hard should be encouraged.

67. We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply.

68. Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him.

69. So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter.

70. When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct.

Otherwise you can’t make yourself understood.

Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)

71. 对我们来说，生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的，但实际上城

市还是比较按期才发展起来的。(2分)

72. 从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。(2分)

73. 如果没有城市的支持，简直难以想象会有大学，医院，大企业，甚至连科学

技术也不会有。(3分)

74. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。(2分)

75. 但是，一个最主要的分歧意见是，像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去。(3

分)

76. 同时也有人反对说，文化方面的进步，始终是以城市为中心而向外辐射的。

(3分)

77. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。(2

分)

78. 遗憾的是，过去我们在总目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及到各个具体目标时，

意见就不一致，因而也就根本没有什么行动。(3分)

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