高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

LesｓｏｎOnｅ

1.And it iｓan actｉviｔｙｏnlｙｏf hｕmａns.

And conｖersatｉon is an actｉvity fｏund onlｙaｍongｈｕmaｎbeinｇs.

2.Cｏnverｓａtｉｏn is not for maｋiｎg a point.

Converｓation is noｔｆor pｅｒsuadiｎｇotheｒs to acceｐt our ｉdeas oｒpoｉnts oｆviｅwｓ.

3.Ｉn facｔ, the ｂｅst ｃonｖeｒsatiｏnalｉsts ａre thｏse wｈo ａｒe pｒepared tｏlｏｓｅ.

Iｎfａｃｔ，pｅople whｏａｒe goｏd ａt convｅrsatｉｏn ｗｉll not argue to wiｎｏr foｒce others to accｅpｔhis iｄｅas.

4.Bａr frienｄs are nｏｔdｅeply iｎvolvｅd ｉｎｅach otｈer’s ｌives.

Ｐeople ｗho meeｔeａｃｈoｔher ｆor a driｎkｉn the bａrｏｆａpub ａrｅｎoｔcｌose fri ｅnｄs foｒｔｈeｙarｅｎot deeｐｌy aｂsoｒbeｄin each othｅr’s privａte ｌives.

5.....it couｌｄstilｌgo ｉｇｎｏｒａntlｙoｎ...

Theｃonｖeｒｓaｔiｏn ｃouldｇo on witｈout anybｏｄy knowing wｈo waｓright oｒwrong.

6.Tｈeｒe are cａttlｅinｔｈe fieｌds ，bｕｔwｅsｉtｄown tｏｂeｅf．

Theｓe anｉmalｓａｒe calｌｅd cａttlｅwｈen ｔhｅy are alive and feed in the fieｌdｓ,but ｗhen ｗe sｉｔdoｗn ａtｔｈe table ｔｏｅaｔ,we calｌｔheir mｅet beef.

7.The ｎew ruling cｌａssｈａｄｂuilｔa ｃulｔuｒaｌbａrｒiｅｒａgainｓt him byｂuｉ

lding ｔheiｒFreｎcｈagainsｔhiｓown langｕage.

The nｅwｒuling class ｂy usｉｎg French instead of English made ｉt haｒdｆor tｈｅＥngｌish to ａcｃｅｐt oｒaｂsorb theｃulｔure of the rulers.

8.Eｎgｌish ｈad comｅroyalｌｙiｎｔo ｉts own.

English receｉveｄproper reｃognｉtｉon aｎd was used by tｈe Ｋing onｃe ｍore.

9.The phｒａsｅｈas aｌwaｙｓbｅeｎｕｓｅd a ｌittle ｐeｊoratiｖelyａnd even fａcetioｕsly

ｂｙthe loｗeｒclasｓｅs.

The phrasｅ, tｈe Kiｎｇ’s Ｅnglisｈ，hａｓalways ｂeen used disrespｅｃtｆully and jokｉnｇly b ｙｔhe lowｅr classeｓ．(The ｗoｒkiｎg pｅoplｅｏftｅn mock tｈｅproper anｄformal laｎｇuage oｆthe educａted ｐeoｐle.)

10.The rebｅlｌioｎagａinst a cｕlturalｄoｍiｎanｃｅis stｉll tｈeｒｅ.

As ｔｈｅearｌｙＳaxon ｐeaｓants , the workiｎg pｅoplｅｓtill haｖｅａspiｒiｔof opｐｏsiti ｏn toｔｈe culｔｕｒal aｕthｏｒｉty of the ｒｕling ｃlass.

11.Tｈereｉs always a ｇreａt danｇer that“ woｒｄs wiｌl ｈarｄenｉnto thingｓfor uｓ．“Theｒeｉs aｌｗays ａgreaｔdangｅr ，as Caｒlyle pｕt iｔ, that wｅmiｇｈt ｆorｇet tｈat woｒdｓare onｌy ｓymｂols and tａke tｈem fｏｒtｈingｓtheyａre ｓuｐpoｓｅd tｏrepｒesｅnt.

a.Hoｗｅver ｉntricate tｈｅｗａｙｓin whicｈanｉmalｓｃommunicａte witｈeaｃｈｏｔｈer,

they do not ｉｎdulge ｉnａnything thaｔdeservesｔｈe namｅoｆcoｎversation.

不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂,它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

b.Argｕmｅｎt ｍａy oｆten be a part oｆit, bｕt tｈe purｐose of the aｒguｍeｎt is ｎot to

convince. Therｅis ｎo winning in coｎveｒｓａtion.

争论会经常出现于交谈中,但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。

c.Perhａps ｉt iｓbｅcauｓe ofｍy uｐbrｉnｇiｎg ｉｎEngｌish puｂs tｈaｔI think ｂar

conversａｔｉｏn ｈaｓ a ｃharm ｏf its own.

或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

d.I ｄｏnot rｅmeｍｂｅr wｈat made one of our ｃomｐanions say it －--she clearlｙhａd nｏｔ

come iｎto the bａr to sayｉt ，iｔwａs not someｔｈing that was preｓsinｇoｎｈeｒｍind －--but hｅｒremarｋｆelｌquitｅｎaturally iｎto ｔhe tａｌk.

我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的-－-她显然不是来酒吧说这个的,这不是她事先想好的话题---－但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

e.Tｈerｅis aｌwaｙs resｉstａnce in the lｏｗer ｃlasses to anｙattｅｍpｔbｙａn uｐper clａss

ｔo laｙｄowｎrｕles for “Eｎｇlish as itｓhoｕlｄbe spoｋen.”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

f.Woｒds are not themselveｓａｒealitｙ,but ｏnｌｙｒeｐreseｎtationｓof it ,ａnd ｔhｅKinｇ’s

Ｅnglｉsh ,like thｅAngｌｏ-Ｆrench of thｅNoｒmans ,is ａclaｓs reｐresentation oｆｒea ｌiｔy.

词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样,标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。g.Ｐｅrhaｐｓiｔis ｗorth trying ｔo ｓpeaｋiｔ, ｂuｔｉt shoｕld nｏt be laid dowｎａs aｎ

edict, anｄmaｄe iｍmuｎｅto chaｎｇeｆｒom bｅｌow.

或许试着去说它还是值得的,但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。

h.Therｅｉs no worｓe conｖｅｒsaｔｉonａliｓt thａn tｈeｏne wｈo punctuateｓhiｓwｏrds as

he ｓｐeａks ａｓifｈe wｅreｗriting ,ｏr even who tｒｉes toｕseｗｏrds as if hｅw ｅｒe composing a piece ｏf proｓe foｒprint．

如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字,或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字,那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。

i.WheｎE．M．Fｏｒsｔer ｗriｔes oｆ“ thｅsｉniｓter ｃoｒridｏr of our age，” wｅｓｉｔ

up atｔhe viｖidness oｆthe pｈrase , the foｒce ａnd evｅn terｒor in the ｉmaｇe．

当 E.M．福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时,其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力,甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。

j.Ｔherｅwｏuld hａvｅbeen nｏconｖerｓation tｈｅotheｒevｅｎinｇif ｗe hａd been ablｅto setｔlｅａｔonce tｈｅmeeｔiｎg of “ the Kｉng’ｓEnglish．”

那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义,就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。

Lｅsson Two

1.Ｔhe burｙinｇ-ground is mｅrｅｌy a hugｅｗastｅoｆhummｏcky earth,ｌike a ｄerelｉcｔｂ

ｕildｉｎg－lｏt.

Ｔhe buｒiｎg-ｇrounｄis notｈiｎg more tｈａn a huge pｉeｃｅof wasteland fｕｌl of ｍounds

ｏｆｅarth ｌooking like a ｄｅsｅｒted and abandonｅd piece of land oｎwhicｈ a buildｉng

waｓgoing ｔo ｂe puｔup. ?２. Ａll colｏnial empireｓａre in reality fｏunｄeｄupoｎtｈa ｔfact．

All tｈe imperiａｌisｔs buiｌd ｕp tｈｅir empires by treatiｎg the peopleｉｎthe coｌonies like animａlｓ(ｂｙnot treating tｈｅpeｏｐlｅin the ｃｏlonieｓas ｈｕmａｎｂeiｎｇs)．

３. They ｒｉｓｅouｔｏf the earth，theｙｓweat ａｎd staｒvｅｆor a few years, and tｈen the ｙsiｎk bacｋinto ｔhe namelｅss moｕndｓoｆtｈe ｇrａveyard.

Ｔｈeｙａｒe boｒn.Then for a feｗyｅaｒs theyｗork, toil and ｓtａrｖe．Finalｌy tｈey dｉe aｎd are bｕｒｉed iｎｇravｅs wｉtｈout a ｎaｍe．

4. A carｐｅnter ｓｉts cross-legｇeｄat a ｐrｅhistｏｒic lathｅ, tuｒnｉng chａir-leｇｓaｔｌightning speeｄ．

Sitting ｗith hiｓlegs cｒoｓsｅd aｎd uｓiｎg a ｖery olｄ－fashionｅd lathe, a ｃarpenter ｑuiｃkly gives a rｏund sｈapｅtｏtｈe chair-ｌegs heｉｓmａking．?5.Iｎｓtanｔlｙ, ｆrｏmｔｈe dark hoｌｅｓall ｒouｎd,theｒｅｗａsａｆrｅnzied rush ｏｆJeｗs．

Immediateｌｙfrｏｍｔｈeir dark hole-like ｃells eｖerywｈerｅ a great numbｅr ｏf Jews rushed out wiｌdly exｃｉted.?6. ｅvery oｎe ofｔｈｅｍloｏks on a ｃigarｅtte as a ｍｏrｅor lｅss iｍpossiblｅluxurｙ

Eveｒｙone oｆtheｓe ｐｏor Jｅws lｏokeｄon tｈe cｉgarｅtte as a ｐiecｅｏf luxuｒｙwhich ｔｈeｙcｏulｄnot ｐoｓsibly afforｄ. ?7. Ｓtiｌl,a whｉte skin ｉｓalｗays ｆaｉrlyｃoｎs ｐicuoｕs.

Howeｖer, a whｉtｅ-skinnｅｄEｕroｐean is aｌways ｑuｉｔeｎｏticｅａblｅ.

8. Iｎa ｔｒopｉcal landscape one'ｓｅyｅtａkeｓin everythｉnｇeｘｃｅpt ｔheｈuｍaｎbeing ｓ.

Ｉｆｙou take a lｏｏk at ｔhe natｕral scenｅｒy in a ｔroｐical ｒegion, you see eｖerything bｕt the ｈｕｍan beｉｎgs.

9.Nｏonｅwoｕlｄthink of ｒunｎing cｈeap ｔrips ｔo thｅＤｉｓtressed Arｅas．

Ｎo one would ｔhｉnk of ｏｒganizｉng cheａp tｒipsｆor tｈe touｒistsｔo visit tｈe pｏorｓlum ａreas

10.ｆorｎine-teｎths of ｔhe peoｐlｅｔｈe reａlity oｆliｆｅiｓａn ｅndｌess，baｃkbreakｉng stｒuｇgｌe to wｒing a ｌｉｔtｌe food out ｏfａn ｅrｏded soiｌ.

Life is vｅｒy haｒd fｏｒｎineｔｙperｃent ｏf the people.With hａｒd ｂackbreakｉng toil they can pｒ

11．She acｃepｔed heｒsｔatｕs asａnｏld womaｎ, ｏdｕcｅa little fｏod on thｅpooｒsoil.?

that is tｏsay as a beast oｆbｕｒｄen．

She tｏok it for graｎted that as an ｏｌd wｏman ｓhｅwas the loｗesｔinｔｈe comｍuｎity，t ｈat。she was oｎly fit ｆor ｄoinｇｈeavｙwｏｒｋlike aｎanimａl．

1２．Peopｌe ｗith bｒown skiｎs are ｎeｘt door to ｉnvisiｂle.

Pｅoｐlｅwitｈbｒown skinsａre alｍost inｖiｓibｌe．

１3. Tｈeir spｌeｎｄid boｄｉes were ｈidｄｅｎin rｅacｈ-mｅ-ｄｏwn khaki uniforｍｓ．

ThｅSenegaｌｅｓsoｌdiｅrs werｅｗearing ready—madeｋｈaki ｕnｉｆorms which ｈid thｅiｒbeａutiｆuｌwelｌ—bｕilｔboｄｉes.

1４．Ｈｏw lonｇｂefｏre theyｔｕｒn ｔheir guns iｎthe ｏthｅｒdirｅｃtion?

Ｈow much lｏnger bｅfｏｒe they ｔurn ｔheir gｕns arounｄaｎd attackｕs?。

15. Eｖery ｗhｉte mａn there had thiｓthｏugｈt ｓtowed somewhere oｒotｈｅｒinｈis ｍiｎd.

Evｅrｙwhitｅmａｎtheｒe ｈad thｉs thoｕgｈt hｉddｅn somewｈere or other in his minｄ．

●Ｗhen yｏu wａｌk throｕgｈａtoｗn like tｈis- twｏhuｎｄreｄthoｕsａnd inhａbitａntｓ

oｆwhom at least tｗｅnty thｏusａnｄown liteｒaｌly noｔhｉnｇexcepｔｔhe ｒａｇs they stａnｄup in -ｗhｅｎｙouｓee ｈow tｈe peoｐle livｅ, ａnd stｉll ｍｏｒe how eａｓily th ｅy die,ｉt is aｌways difficult tｏbelieve that ｙou are walkiｎg among huｍan beｉｎgｓ.

当你穿行于这样的城镇中—２0万居民中至少有2万人除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫外，一无所有——当你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易死亡时，你总是很难相信自己是行走在人类之中。

●Whｅn yｏu ｇｏthrｏugｈthｅJｅwish ｑｕartｅrs yｏｕgather sｏme ｉｄｅa of what tｈe m

ｅdｉeval gheｔtｏes werｅprobａｂｌｙliｋe．

当你穿过犹太人聚居区时，你就会了解中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子。

●Ｍany ｏｆthe ｓtreｅtｓare aｇood ｄeaｌｌess thａｎｓiｘfeet wide, tｈeｈouse

ｓare comｐｌetely wiｎdowleｓｓ,ａnd ｓoｒｅ-eｙed children cｌuｓter everywhere i uｎbelie ｖable numberｓ,lｉｋe ｃｌouds ｏf flies.

很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见,像成群的苍蝇，数也数不清。

●Eｖen a bｌｉｎd man somｅｗｈeｒe at the bacｋof oｎe oｆthｅｂooths heaｒｄa ｒｕmou

ｒof ciｇarettes ａｎd camｅｃrawｌiｎｇoｕｔ，grｏｐing ｉn theａiｒwｉth hｉｓhand．甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来,伸手在空中乱摸。

● 5.Ah, that’ｓonｌy for sｈｏｗ! They’re ａｌl monｅｙlendeｒs ｒeａllｙ.

噢!那只不过是装样子罢了。实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。

●６.In juｓt thｅｓaｍe way, ａcoupｌe of hｕndｒeｄyeａrｓaｇｏ, poｏr olｄwoｍeｎused

to ｂe burned foｒｗiｔｃｈｃraｆt wｈen thｅｙcould not even ｗork enoｕgh magic to get tｈemselｖeｓa sｑuａreｍeal．

颇为相似的是,几百年前,有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆活活烧死，但事实上她们连为自己变出一顿像样的饭菜的巫术都没有。

●7．Ｉt ｔakes in ｔhｅｄried-up ｓoiｌ, thｅprickly peａr,tｈe pａｌm treｅand tｈe distan

ｔmoｕntain,ｂｕt ｉt alwａｙｓmisseｓtｈe peaｓant ｈoeing ａt ｈis pａtｃh.

那干巴巴的土地,仙人掌，棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里耕作的农民却往往没人看见。

●8．Ｍosｔof Mｏrｏcco iｓｓo desolate that nｏwild anｉｍａl bigｇer than a hａｒe can ｌive

oｎit.

摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉,以至于那里生存的最大的野生动物就是野兔。

●9.Excｅｐt for a day oｒｔｗｏａftｅr the rarｅrainsｔoｒms ｔhere is ｎever enouｇh wａｔ

er.

除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外,这里总是缺水。

●10.Ｉt ｓｅeｍｓto bｅgenerａllｙthe caｓe in prｉｍiｔivｅcomｍｕnｉties thａt the womeｎ,

whｅn thｅy gｅt bｅyond a cｅrtain ａge, shｒinkｔo ｔhe siｚｅoｆchilｄｒeｎ.

在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪身材便会萎缩得如孩子般大小,这似乎是一个普遍现象。

Lesson Tｈrｅe

1.Aｎd yeｔthe same revｏluｔionary belief foｒwｈiｃh ouｒfｏreｂeaｒs fouｇｈt iｓsｔiｌl ａ

ｔisｓｕe arｏuｎd tｈe gloｂe．...

Ouｒancestors fougｈt a reｖoｌuｔｉｏnaｒｙwａｒto ｃlaim ａll mｅn weｒe ｃreaｔed eｑuaｌａnd God hａdｅnｄowed them with certａiｎｕnａｌiｅnａblｅrighｔｓｗｈich nｏstａte orｒuler ｃｏuld take away from ｔhem. Ｈowever ,ｔoｄay ｔhiｓissue has not yeｔbeen seｔｔlｅｄｉn ｍany coｕntrｉes arｏuｎｄthe worｌｄ.

2.Tｈisｍuch wｅpledge－－-anｄmorｅ．

Tｈiｓmｕｃhｗe promise to dｏand we promｉsｅto do mｏrｅ．

3.United, theｒe is ｌiｔtle wｅcannｏt ｄo in a hosｔｏf ｃooperaｔｉｖｅｖentureｓ.

Ｕniteｄaｎd working together we ｃan ａcｃomｐlish a loｔｏf ｔhｉngs iｎａlａrｇｅnuｍbｅr of jｏｉｎtｕｎｄｅrtａｋings.

4.....oｕｒｌａst bｅstｈｏｐe ｉｎan ａｇｅwhere ｔhe iｎstruｍｅntｓoｆwar haｖe fａ

r oｕtｐacｅｄｔhe insｔｒｕmeｎｔｓofｐeaｃｅ．.．

ThｅＵnｉted Nations is ouｒlast and bｅst ｈｏpe oｆsｕｒvｉval in an age where tｈe instruｍents of waｒｈave far suｒpaｓsed the iｎstrumeｎtｓof peace.

5...．ｔo eｎｌarｇe tｈｅaｒeａin whiｃｈits writｍaｙrun.

Ｗe pledge to heｌｐthe UnｉtｅｄNaｔｉons enlaｒｇｅｔｈe arｅa ｉn which its authoｒity and mａnｄate wｏｕld continue to be in ｆorce.

6..．.．ｂeｆｏre the darｋpowers of ｄeｓtructioｎunleａshｅd ｂy scｉence engｕlｆall hｕmａn

ｉtｙin planｎed or aｃcidentａl self-dｅstructioｎ.

Ｂefｏrｅthe terribｌe forceｓof ｄestruction，which aｔomic bombs caｎnow releasｅ,ovｅrwhelm mankiｎd，wｈich maｙbｅｐlａnneｄor ｂrougｈt about ｂyａｎaccident

7.．...yet both raｃiｎg tｏａｌter that uｎcertain balａｎｃe of terrｏr thａt stays the baｎｄoｆ

mankind’s ｆinal war.

Ｙet both groupｓoｆnａtｉｏｎｓａrｅatteｍpting tｏchange ａs qｕｉcｋly as pｏssible tｈis uncerｔaｉn balaｎcｅof teｒribｌｅmilｉtａry pｏwer thaｔrｅsｔrａins eａch gｒoup ｆｒom l ａｕncｈingｍａｎkiｎd;s finaｌｗar．

8.So lｅt ｕs ｂegｉn aneｗ, reｍembｅｒing on both sｉdes that civilｉｔｙiｓnｏｔａsig

ｎof ｗeakness...

Ｓo lｅt us sｔaｒｔoncｅagａin , bearing inｍｉnd that being pｏlｉｔe iｓnotａｓign oｆweａｋnesｓ．

9.Let both ｓidｅｓseekｔo iｎvoke thｅwonｄｅrs of science inｓｔｅａｄof its teｒrｏrs.

Ｌet bｏtｈｓides trｙto call fｏrｔh ｔhe wonｄerfｕl ｔhings tｈaｔscｉenｃｅｃan do fｏｒmankinｄinsteａd ｏf ｔhｅfrｉgｈtｆｕl tｈｉｎgs ｉt can do.

10...．.ｅacｈｇeneratｉｏn of Amｅｒicans ｈas been sｕmmonｅd ｔｏｇｉvｅｔestimｏｎy to

ｉtｓnatiｏnaｌloyaｌｔy.

Aｍericans ｏｆevｅry gｅnｅratｉonｈave beeｎｃaｌlｅｄupon ｔｏproｖe tｈeiｒloyalty ｔo their country by frigｈｔinｇand dｙiｎg for thｅir coｕntｒy’s cａuse．

11.With ａgooｄconsciｅnce our only ｓure reｗaｒd, with hｉstｏｒyｔhe fｉnａl ｊuｄge oｆ

ｏuｒdeeds, leｔuｓgo fortｈtoｌeadｔhe land we loｖe．..

Ｌeｔus lｅａd tｈｅｃｏuntrｙwe loｖe, knｏwing oｕr ｓｕre rewarｄwilｌbeａgｏod cｏnscience and hｉstory will finally judgｅｗhether weｈavｅdone our task welｌoｒnot.

●We obｓｅrve todａy not ａvictoｒyｏｆparty but ａcelｅｂration ofｆrｅedom, symboliziｎ

g an ｅnd ａｓｗell as a beginning ，siｇnifｙiｎg rｅnewａl aｓweｌl aｓｃhａngｅ.

我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利,而是一个自由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开端,它代表着重生和改变。

●Let the wｏrd go fｏrthｆｒｏｍthiｓｔiｍe anｄplａce ,tｏｆrieｎｄaｎdｆoe

alike,that the torch ｈas bｅeｎpassed to ａnew generａtiｏn ｏf Ａmｅricans，born in thｉs ｃｅnｔury，tempered bｙwar, disｃiｐlｉned bｙa hard anｄbitｔer peacｅ, proud of ouｒaｎｃient heriｔａge,and unｗiｌlinｇto witnｅｓs or pｅｒｍｉt the slow ｕndoｉｎg oｆtｈeｓe h ｕｍan rｉgｈts toｗhich thiｓnation has alwａyｓｂeen ｃoｍmｉtｔed ,and to wｈiｃh ｗ

e ａre comｍiｔted todaｙａｔｈomｅanｄaround ｔhe world.

此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣布:火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人,他们出生于本世纪,经受过战争的洗礼，受过冷峻而苦涩的和平的考验,以我们的古代遗产为傲,不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权。

●Ｌet evｅｒy natｉoｎknow, wｈeｔher iｔｗisｈes us well or iｌl,that wｅshall pay ａny price ，

ｂｅar any ｂuｒdｅn,meet ａnｙhaｒｄｓｈiｐ, ｓuｐport aｎｙfｒiend，oppose any foe to ａｓsurｅthｅｓｕrvival and the succｅsｓｏf lｉberty.

让世界上每一个希望我们成功或窘迫的国家知道:我们将不惜任何代价,承担任何责任,应对任何艰难,支持一切朋友,反对一切敌人,以确保自由的幸存和成功。

●Ｕnｉted , there iｓlｉｔtle we canｎotｄo in a hoｓt oｆcoｏpｅrａtive ventures．

只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。

●Dividｅd，ｔherｅｉｓｌitｔｌe we cａn do ，for we dａre not ｍeｅt ａpowerｆul cha

ｌｌeｎge at ｏddｓaｎd spｌit aｓunｄer.

如果分裂开来,我们将一事无成,因为我们不能在争执中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂。

●If a free sｏciｅｔy cannoｔｈelp the manyｗho arｅpoｏｒ, it ｃaｎｎot ｓave tｈe few

who arｅｒｉcｈ．

如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人,它就不能拯救少数的富人。

●We dａre ｎｏt temｐt tｈem wiｔh ｗeａkｎess. Fｏr only when oｕr aｒｍs ａre sufficｉeｎt

beyonｄｄｏubt caｎwｅｂe ｃｅrtaｉn beyonｄdoubt that ｔhey ｗilｌneｖeｒｂe empl ｏyｅd.

我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。因为只有当我们的军备力量无疑是非常充足的时候,我们才能确保不会使用武力。

●In ｙｏur haｎds，my ｆelloｗcitｉzenｓ，moｒe tｈａｎminｅ,ｗillｒesｔｔhｅfinalｓ

uccess oｒfaiｌure of ｏｕr coursｅ.

我们的同胞们,我们事业成败的关键与其说掌握在我的手中,不如说掌握在你们的手中。

●Ｎow the tｒuｍpet sumｍoｎs us again-－--noｔas a caｌl ｔo ｂear aｒｍs，thｏugh arms we ne

ｅd；nｏｔａs a call to bａttle , tｈough ｅｍｂattleｄwｅare; but a call to beａr thｅｂu ｒｄen ｏf a lｏnｇｔｗiｌｉｇhｔstrugｇlｅ, ｙｅar in ａnd year oｕt , “ｒejoicing in hope , patient ｉｎｔriｂuｌatiｏｎ,” a strｕgglｅagaiｎst ｔhe comｍon ｅnｅmｉｅｓoｆman：tyr ａnny ,pｏｖerty ｄｉseaseａｎd ｗar itselｆ.

现在号角再次向我们吹响-－－－不是号召我们扛起武器，虽然我们需要武器；不是号召我们去参加战斗，虽然我们严阵以待;而是号召我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的责任,年复一年，”从希望中得到欢乐,在苦难中保持坚韧“，去反对人类共同的敌人：专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身

●Wiｔｈａgoｏd consｃienceｏur only sure ｒｅwａｒd，ｗith ｈiｓtｏrｙthｅfinａl ｊ

ｕｄgｅof our deeds，lｅt us go forthｔｏlead thｅlaｎdｗe lｏｖｅ, asking Hｉs bｌessｉn ｇanｄHis help, bｕｔkｎｏwiｎｇthat here on earth Goｄ’sｗoｒk ｍusｔｔruｌy be our ｏwn．

良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬,历史是我们行为的最终裁判，让我们出发去领导我们所热爱的国家,祈求上帝的祝福和帮助,但是要明白上帝在人间的工作毕竟就是我们自己的工作。

Lesson Fｏur

1.Ａniｃe ｅnough yoｕng fｅllｏｗ, you undｅrsｔａｎd,but nothiｎｇupstaｉrs．

He is ａnｉce ｅnougｈyoｕng fellow，yoｕｋnow, ｂut ｈe ｉｓempｔy-heaｄed.

2.Fads, I suｂmit, aｒｅtheｖｅｒｙｎeｇａtｉon of ｒeasｏｎ.

A ｐassiｎg fashion ｏrｃrａzｅ，in my opinioｎ, shows a complｅte lack oｆreａson.

3.Ｉshouｌｄhaveｋnowｎthey’ｄcoｍe bａｃk wheｎthｅCharleston came back.

I ｓhould have known that raccoｏn coats woｕｌd coｍｅback to ｆashｉon when the Cｈarlｅstｏｎdancｅ, which ｗas populaｒｉｎthe 1９2０s,ｃame baｃｋ.

4.“Aｌl tｈｅＢig Men oｎCａmpuｓarｅweａrinｇthem. Wherｅ‘ve yｏu been？”

All the important anｄfashioｎaｂle men oｎｃaｍpusａre ｗｅarinｇtｈem. How come you ｄo ｎ’t knoｗ？

5.Mｙbｒaiｎ,ｔhat pｒeciｓion instｒument, slipｐed into hiｇh ｇｅaｒ.

My ｂrａiｎ,whiｃｈiｓpreｃision instrumｅnt, bｅgａｎto woｒk at high sｐｅeｄ.

6.Ｗｉtｈone omｉｓsion, Ｐollｙｆittedｔhesｅspeｃificatｉonsｐeｒfeｃｔly.

Eｘcｅpt ｆｏr ｏnｅｔhing(ｉntelliｇencｅ）Poｌly haｄａll ｔhe other ｒequiremｅnｔs.

7.Sｈe ｗas not yet of pｉｎ-ｕp ｐroportiｏns，buｔI felt sｕｒｅｔhat timｅｗｏulｄｓuppｌy

thｅlａck.

Ｓhe waｓnot ａsｂeaｕtiful as tｈoｓe ｇｉrlｓin pｏsters buｔI felｔｓure she wouｌd ｂecome beautifｕl enough aｆｔer soｍe tｉme．

8.In ｆact，she veered iｎtｈeｏpposｉteｄirectioｎ.

Iｎfact，she went in the opposite diｒｅction,tｈat iｓ，shｅwａｓnoｔinteｌligｅｎt but r ａtｈer stｕpid.

9.“In othｅｒwｏrds ,ｉf yｏu ｗere oｕt oｆｔｈe piｃtuｒe,the fielｄwｏuｌd be oｐen．

Ｉｓthaｔright?”

If ｙｏu were no longｅr invｏlved with her，oｔｈeｒs woｕｌd be fｒee to coｍpetｅtｏget heｒas ａｇirlfｒienｄ.

10.Back ａnd forth ｈis heaｄswｉveleｄ, desire ｗａxｉng, rｅsｏlution ｗａｎing．

Hiｓhead tuｒned back and fortｈ(ｌooking at the ｃｏat and tｈｅn looking ａway from the co ａt)．Evｅry time he looked ｈis desｉrｅfor the coat grｅw strｏnｇeｒand his rｅｓoｌutiｏn not to abandｏｎPolly ｂｅcame weａker.

11.Thｉs loomｅdａs a proｊect oｆno small dimｅnsｉoｎｓ..．

Ｔo tｅach ｈer tｏthiｎｋseemed to be ａrathｅr bｉg ｔａｓｋ.

12.Ａｄmittedｌy it ｗas not a pｒospｅct frauｇｈt withｈｏｐe ,ｂuｔＩdecided tｏgivｅit one

more tｒy.

One mｕｓt adｍit the oｕtcome did not loｏk verｙhopeful, but I ｄｅcｉｄeｄto ｔrｙonｅｍｏre timｅ.

13.Tｈere is aｌiｍｉt to whaｔｆlesh and bloｏｄcan bear.

Theｒe is a liｍit to ｗｈａt aｎｙhumａn beｉng caｎbeａr .

14.I was not Pyｇmalion;I wａs Ｆｒankensteiｎ, ａｎd my mｏnsteｒhad mｅbｙｔhe ｔhroａ

t.

I plａnned to beＰyｇmalion, to fasｈion an ideaｌwifｅｆorｍyself, ｂut I ｔｕrｎed ｏut ｔｏｂｅFrａnｋeｎｓtein because Pｏlly ultｉmatelｙrejeｃteｄme and ｒuineｄｍy plａｎ.

15.Ｆｒanｔｉcaｌly I fought back the tideｏｆpaｎic sｕｒgiｎｇthrouｇｈｍe .

Ｄespeｒately Ｉtrieｄtｏstop tｈe feelｉng of paｎic which wasｏvｅrwｈelming me.

●Myｂrain wａs as ｐoｗeｒful as ａdynａmｏ,as precisｅａs chｅｍist’ｓscaleｓ. As peｎ

ｅtrating aｓ a scａlpeｌ．

●我的大脑如发电机一样强大，像化学家的平一样精确,像手术刀一样锋利。

●Tｏbe swepｔuｐin evｅry new crａｚｅthatｃomes ａlong, to suｒrendｅr ｙouｒsｅlｆ

to iｄｉoｃy juｓtｂecauｓe everybody eｌse ｉs doing iｔ---thiｓ, to me ，iｓthe acme od miｎdｌｅｓｓneｓｓ.

被卷入每一股新来的时尚之中,因为其他人都是这样做，自己也进去傻干-－－这对于我而言，简直就是愚蠢至极。

●Let ｍe eｍphasizｅtｈａｔmy desire for thiｓyoung womａn waｓnot eｍotioｎal in ｎature．

我强调一下我渴望得到这个妙龄少女不是情感的驱动使然。

●It is , after alｌ, eａsier to mａｋｅa beaｕｔｉful duｍb gｉrlｓｍaｒt than to makｅａn ｕｇ

ｌy ｓmartｇｉrl beａutｉful.

毕竟,与使这个丑陋而聪明的女孩变漂亮相比,使一个美丽的愚笨的女孩变得聪明要容易得多。

●He wａsａtoｒｎman，Fｉrst he looked aｔthe coat witｈｔhe expressｉｏn oｆa wａｉf

aｔa ｂａkerｙwinｄｏw. Thｅnｈe tｕrned awａｙａｎｄｓｅt his jawｒeｓｏｌｕtely．他神情不安。先是带着面包店橱窗旁边的流浪儿的那种神情盯着大衣。然后转过头,坚定地咬紧牙关。

●Mａybe somewhere iｓｔhe extiｎct cratｅr oｆher mind , a few emｂers stｉll smoｌdｅrｅd. 说不定她头脑中死火山口某处还有闷燃的余烬。

●Ａftｅr all,ｓｕｒgeonｓhａｖe X-rａys to guidｅthem dｕｒing an operation, lawyｅrs haｖe

briefs, to guidｅthem dｕring a triaｌ，carｐentersｈａve blueprｉntｓto guｉde them wｈen tｈey are bｕiｌdｉngａhｏuse.

毕竟,外科医生在做手术时有X 光线作为指导,律师在审判时有辩护状作为指导，木匠在建造房子的时候有蓝图作为指导。

●Ｉf MaｄamｅCurｉe had nｏt happened tｏleave a phoｔoｇｒaphic ｐlaｔe ｉn ａｄｒawe

ｒwitｈａchunｋoｆpｉｔch bｌｅnd,the worlｄtoday wｏuｌd not know abouｔrａdiuｍ．

如果居里夫人没有把一张相片底片放在装有沥青铀矿的抽屉了,今天的世人就不会知道镭了。

●Sudｄｅnｌy,ａglimｍeｒｏf intelligenｃe----thｅｆｉrsｔＩhad ｓeｅn---cａme iｎto

ｈeｒeyｅs.

突然,一道智慧的灵光--－-第一次看见---在她的眼中闪现。

●Ｈeaｒtened by the kｎowledｇe ｔhat Ｐoｌly was nｏt aｌtogｅtｈer a crｅtｉｎ，I beｇiｎa loｎ

g，patｉｅｎｔreview of all I hａd tolｄhｅr.

知道波利并不完全是个白痴，我感到很振奋,于是我开始把给她讲过的一切时间、耐心地复习了一遍。

Ｌesｓｏn Five

1.Ｔｈe sliｇｈteｄmｅnｔiｏn of the ｄecade brings nostalgic recoｌlｅctioｎs ｔo theｍidｄｌe

－ａgeｄ...

At the very ｍention ｏf this postwar ｐeriｏd ,ｍiｄdlｅ-ａged pｅopｌe begｉn ｔo thｉnk abｏｕt it ｌoｎgingly．

2.The rejeｃtｉoｎof Victorian genｔilｉtｙｗaｓ, in any ｃase,ｉnｅvitａbｌe ．

Iｎａny case,aｎＡｍerican couｌd not avoiｄｃaｓｔiｎg aside middle-ｃlaｓs rｅsｐecｔａbility and affｅcted refｉnement．

3.Tｈe waｒacted merelyａｓa cａｔalｙtiｃagent ｉn this bｒｅａkdoｗｎof thｅVictoｒｉ

an social strucｔｕｒe...

The wａr only heｌped ｔo speed up tｈｅbreakｄown of tｈｅＶｉcｔorian soｃial structure. 4.．..ｉt wａs ｔｅmpted ，in Amｅrica aｔleａｓt，to escape its resｐonsiｂiｌitiｅs anｄｒetre

ａt behｉｎｄanａｉr ｏf nａughty alｃoholic sophｉｓtiｃation．．．

IｎAmｅrica ａｔleast，tｈe younｇｐｅoｐｌｅｗeｒe strongｌy inclined to sｈirk their ｒesponsib ｉｌiｔiｅs. Tｈey preｔｅnded to bｅwoｒldly-ｗise，dｒｉｎking anｄbehavinｇnaugｈｔiｌy. 5.Ｐrｏｈibitｉon ａfforｄed ｔhｅyoung the ａddｉtｉoｎal ｏpporｔｕnitｙof making thｅir ｐlｅ

aｓures ilｌiｃｉt..．

The yｏｕng fｏuｎd grｅaterｐleasure iｎｄｒinkiｎg becausｅProhiｂｉtiｏn, ｂy mａkｉng dr ｉnkｉｎg unlawful,added a seｎse ofａｄveｎtuｒe．

6....ｏur younｇmen beｇａn to enlistｕnｄer foreign fｌagｓ.

Our youｎg men jｏinｅd theａrmies oｆfoｒｅｉｇｎｃountｒiｅs to fｉgｈｔin tｈe war. 7...．.ｔheｙ“wantｅd ｔo ｇet ｉnto thｅfun ｂefoｒe ｔhe ｗholｅthｉng turnedｂellｙup.”

Tｈe yｏung ｗanteｄｔo taｋｅpａｒt in the gloｒｉouｓadventｕre ｂefore thｅwholｅｅｎded.

8....they ｈaｄouｔgｒown townｓand fａmilies...

Tｈese young ｐｅｏpｌe ｃoulｄno lｏnger adapt tｈemｓelｖes to liｖes in thｅｉr hometowｎs or th ｅｉr faｍiｌiｅs.

9..．.thｅrｅturning vｅteraｎalｓo haｄtｏfａｃｅthｅsodden,Ｎapoｌeonic ｃyｎiｃism of

Vｅrsailｌｅｓ,the hｙpｏcriticaｌdo-goodiｓm ｏf Pｒohibiｔion...

Ｔhe rｅturningｖeteraｎalso ｈad to face the sｔｕpｉd cyｎiｃism of thｅｖｉｃｔorious allｉes in Veｒsailles who ａcｔeｄａs cｙnically aｓＮapolｅon did,and to ｆace Prohｉbiｔiｏn which ｔhe laｗmaｋeｒs hyｐｏcritｉcalｌy assｕmed wｏuld do goｏd to the ｐeople.

10.Somethｉｎｇin the tension－ridden yｏuth ｏf Aｍerica haｄｔｏ“ｇｉve”．．．

(Unｄer alｌthis foｒce and prｅssuｒｅ)something in ｔｈe youｔh oｆAmerica,ｗｈo were ａｌreaｄy very teｎsｅ,had to brｅak dｏwn.

11.．．.it ｗａs ｏｎlｙnatｕraｌthａｔhｏpefｕｌyｏungｗriterｓ, tｈeiｒmｉnds ａnｄpens

ｉnｆlamed ａｇainst ｗar,Babｂiｔｔry，aｎｄ“Ｐｕｒｉtａnicaｌ” gｅｎtilｉty, shouｌd fｌｏck to the tｒadｉtｉonａｌartｉstｉc centeｒ．．．

It was only natuｒaｌtｈaｔｈopefｕl young wｒiters ,whosｅmiｎds anｄｗritingsｗeｒｅfull of vｉoleｎt angerａgaｉnst war,Bａｂbittry,aｎd “Puriｔanical”gentilｉtｙ，shoｕld coｍe in laｒgｅn numberｓto live in GrｅｅｎwicｈViｌlaｇe,the trａｄｉｔionａl aｒtistic center．

12.Eachｔｏwｎｈad ｉts “fast”seｔｗｈich pridｅd ｉtｓelｆon itｓelf on its uncoｎｖentｉｏ

nalｉｔｙ．..

Eacｈｔｏwｎwas ｐｒoｕd thaｔｉt had aｇroup of wｉｌd,ｒeckleｓs peoplｅ,who livｅd unc ｏnｖenｔionaｌlivｅs.

●No aspect of liｆe in the Tｗeｎｔies has bｅen ｍｏre commentedｕpon and senｓaｔｉoｎａｌlｙ

ｒomａｎticized than thｅsｏ-calleｄＲｅvoｌｔofｔhe Ｙoｕｎger Geｎeratｉon．

在2０世纪生活的方方面面中,所谓的青年一代的反抗是人们评论最多和渲染最严重的。

●The answerｓtｏｓｕch iｎquirｉes mｕst oｆｎecessity be “yeｓ”ａnｄ“no”--－”yes”bｅcaｕs

ｅtｈｅｂusｉnｅsｓof growinｇup isａｌｗays aｃcompaｎied by irreｓponsible ,ａnd imm

ｏｒａｌinｓociaｌbehaｖｉｏr at tｈｅtime ｃan now be seen in peｒspectｉve asｂeing somethiｎg consｉｄｅｒablｙｌess seｎsational thａn the deｇenｅｒation of our jazz maｄyｏut ｈ

对这些问题必然有两种答复,“是”或者“不是”－---回答“是”，是因为在成长的过程中，总会存在青年一代的问题;回答“不是”,是因为当时看上去那么狂野、不负责和不道德的行为，以今天的角度来看的话,远远比不上迷恋爵士乐的青年的堕落行为那样耸人听闻。

●War oｒno ｗar ,as tｈe geｎerａtｉｏns pａｓsed, it became incrｅasingｌｙｄifｆｉculｔfor

ouｒyoｕｎg peｏple to ａｃcept ｓtaｎdarｄs of beｈavｉor that bｏrｅnｏｒelatｉonshipｔo ｔｈe ｂｕsｔling ｂｕsiness mｅｄiuｍin which ｔhey were expeｃted ｔｏｂattle ｆor success．无论是否会发生战争，随着时代的变迁,让我们的年轻人接受与喧嚣的商业社会格格不入的行为准则越来越难,在当时商业化社会中，他们被期望为了成功而战。

●Thｅfaddishness , ｔhe wild sｐending of mｏney on transiｔｏｒy pｌeasures anｄmｏmenｔar

ｙnｏvelties, ｔhｅｈectic air of ｇaiety, tｈe ｅxperｉmentatiｏn is sｅnｓａｔioｎ-－--seｘ, drug，alcohol, perverｓions--－ｗere alｌparｔoｆthｅpattern of escape,ａn escape ｍade poｓｓiｂle byａgenerａl ｐrｏsperity ａnd a post-warｆatigｕｅｗｉｔh pｏｌitics，econｏmic restri ｃｔions, aｎd intｅrnational resｐonsibiｌiｔｉes.

追求时髦,为了获得短暂的快乐和瞬间的新奇而挥霍钱财,纵情狂欢，寻求感官刺激--－性、毒品、酒精、性变态－-－这些都是逃避的表现，普遍的繁荣、战后对政治、经济限制和国际责任的厌倦使得这种逃避成为可能。

●Meanｗhilｅ,the true intｅllecｔuａls ｗeｒｅｆar frｏｍｆｌatｔered.

同事,真正的知识分子完全没有感到受宠若惊。

●Flaminｇｄiaｔrｉbes pｏureｄfroｍtheｉｒpenｓdenｏuncinｇthe mateｒialiｓm aｎd what

ｔhey consiｄered ｔo be ｔhe cuｌｔural boobｅrｙof our society.

激昂的不满从他们的作品中喷涌而出,他们的作品谴责物质主义以及他们认为的我们社会中的文化愚人。

●It was in tｈeir ｄｅｆiａnｔ,buｔｇeｎeraｌｌy short-ｌｉved ,Euroｐean eｘpａtｒiａｔi

ｏn thａt our ｌｅadinｇwriteｒｓｏf the Tｗeｎties learned tｏthink oｆtｈeｍseｌｖeｓ, in ｔhｅwords of GertｒudｅStｅiｎ, aｓthe“lｏsｔgenｅration”．

正是在他们那反抗性的,总的来说短期的旅居欧洲期间,我们20世纪的主要作家认识到自己,用格特鲁德.斯泰因的话说,就是“迷惘的一代”。

●Ｉn ｎo seｎｓe a movemeｎt ｉn itｓｅlｆ,thｅ“ｌost ｇenerａtioｎ” ａttiｔuｄe neｖerｔh

ｅless actｅd as a cｏｍmon denominaｔor ofｔhe ｗriｔing ofｔhe tｉmes.

迷惘的一代本身并不是一场运动，但是其态度成了当时作品的共同特征。

●Iｔwaｓshocked ，upｒoｏteｄfor a ｔime, ｂitteｒ, crｉｔicaｌ,ｒebelｌionｓ，ｉconｏclａ

stic, experｉmeｎtal ,oftｅn absurd，ｍorｅofｔeｎｍisｄireｃｔｅd --bｕｔnｅvｅr” lost”.

他们一度感到震惊、孤独无依、痛苦、爱挑剔、叛逆、打破旧习俗、爱尝试，往往有些荒唐,更常常接近胡闹---但从未“迷惘过”。

●Ｔhe intellｅctuａls ｏf tｈｅＴwｅntieｓ, thｅ“saｄｙoung mｅn”asＦasciｓｔFitzｇeｒ

ald cａｌled ｔｈem, cursｅd their ｌuｃk buｔdidn’t die; ｅscaped but voｌuntarｉly returｎed ；

ｆlａｙeｄthｅBabbitts ｂｕt lｏｖｅd thｅiｒｃounｔry，and ｉｎｓo doiｎg gave tｈe nａt ｉoｎthe livelieｓｔ，frｅsｈest，most stimuｌatiｏn writing ｉn its literarｙeｘperieｎcｅ.

２0年代的知识分子被F.斯科特.菲茨杰拉德称为“悲哀的青年一代”,他们诅咒运气，但没有因此消亡;他们逃避,但又自愿地返回；他们猛烈抨击市侩,但却热爱自己的国家。因此这个国家创作出了最具有生命，最令人耳目一新和最有刺激性的文学作品。

LeｓｓoｎSix

1.Nｏwａｄays Nｅw Ｙork iｓout of ｐｈaｓe wｉth American ｔaste...

NowadａyｓNew Ｙorkｅrs ｃan’t uｎｄerstａnd nor fｏllｏw the tａsｔe ｏｆｔheＡmｅrican peo ｐｌｅand oｆtｅｎdｉsａgree with Americａn ｐolｉｔics.

2.NeｗYorｋeven prideｓitself on ｂeing a hoｌdouｔfrom prevaiｌiｎg Amｅrican tｒendｓ... NeｗYork is prｏｕd thａt ｉt ｉs a ciｔy tｈat rｅsｉsｔｓtｈe ｐreｖailing fashion or stｙle ｓof Aｍerica and that it ｒeｍａｉns tｏbe a placeｗhｅre peopleｃan escapｅuniｆorｍiｔy.

3...．sｉtcoms cｌoned aｎd caｎned iｎHｏllywood, and the Johnny Cａrson show live,preｅmpt

ｔhｅairwaｙs fｒoｍCａlifｏrnia．..

Ｓｉtuａｔｉoｎcomｅｄｉｅs ｍａde in Hｏｌlywood ａnd the live ｔalk ｓhoｗofＪohnny Cars ｏn ｎow domiｎａtｅthe rａｄio anｄTV pｒogrａｍsｉｎCaｌifｏrｎia．

4....It iｓmaｋingｓomethiｎg oｆａｃｏmｅback ａsａtourist aｔｔｒactｉｏn．..

New Yoｒｋis making ａtteｍpts to regain iｔs sｔａｔus as aｃｉty thａt attraｃｔs tｏuｒｉsts .

5.To win ｉn New Yｏrｋｉs ｔo bｅｕｎeaｓｙ...

Ｅven whｅｎa peｒｓoｎwｈｉｎs in New Ｙork,he mａy ｗｅlｌｂe anｘious anｄfｅarful，for hｅiｓａfraｉd of losiｎg wｈat he has gａinｅd in the cｏｍｉng fieｒcｅcomｐeｔiｔｉon．6.Naturｅ’ pｌｅasures arｅmｕch qｕalｉfiｅd iｎNew Yoｒｋ.

ＳincｅNew York iｓa large aｎd ｃｒowed ｃｉty with a lot of tａll ｂuildings,thｅchanｃe t ｏｅnjoy ｔhe pleasｕres of ｎａtuｒeｉs veｒy limｉted here.

7..．．thｅcitｙ’s brighｔgｌｏw arroｇａｎｔｌy obｓcuｒes the ｈeaｖens.

Aｔｎｉgｈt,ｔhe lights of New Yoｒk are so prouｄly bright that tｈｅskyｓeems to be dａｒkened.

8.Ｂut tｈe purｉty of a bohemian dediｃａtｉon can ｂe ｅｘａggeｒated．

Bｕt the pure aｎd wholehearｔed deｖotiｏn to a boｈeｍian lｉfeｓtylｅcａn be ovｅｒsｔateｄ.

9.Ｉn ｂoth thｅｓｅｒｏｌeｓｉｔｒａtiｆiｅs more than it creatｅs.

In botｈtheｓe roles of ｂaｎking and comｍｕnicatｉｏnｓhｅadquaｒｔers, Nｅw Yorｋcrｅaｔes ｖerｙｆｅw tｈinｇs but appｒoｖeｓｍａny tｈings starteｄｂy people in ｏthｅｒpaｒts of tｈe cｏｕｎｔｒy.

10.The ｔeleｖisioｎgenerａtｉoｎｇrew up in tｈｅinsistｅnt prｅseｎｃe ｏfｈype..．

The telｅviｓiｏn geｎeratｉon was coｎｔinｕａllｙand strongｌy ａffｅｃted by extravagant proｍotiｏｎal adveｒｔｉｓing.

11....ｔhoｓe whｏaｒｅwriting ambitｉous novels susｔain theｍsｅｌves on thｅｍagazinｅs. Wriｔｅrs ｐrｏｄｕcing lonｇseｒiouｓnovelｓalso eaｒｎｔhｅir lｉvinｇby wｒiting artｉcｌes fｏr pｏpｕlaｒｍagａzines．

12.Ｂoaｒdway, wｈｉch seemｅｄtｏbｅsｕcｃｕmbinｇｔo the tawdrｉnｅｓs of its envirｏnｍe

ｎt，is asｔｉr aｇain.

Ｂoａrdｗａy, whiｃｈｓeemeｄtoｂe givｉng ｕp to the ｃheap ，gaudy sｈowｓput oｎiｎthe surrｏundinｇareas,now becomes flourisｈiｎｇand busy agａｉn.

13.The deｆｅaｔｅd are nｏt hiddeｎａway sｏmｅｗhｅre eｌse on ｔhe wｒong ｓｉｄe oｆ

town.

Ｔhｏsｅwｈo faileｄin ｔhe strugglｅof ｌｉｆｅ，tｈｅdown-aｎd-outs ,do ｎoｈidｅtheｍselves ａｗayｉn slums whｅre other peｏple cａnnot ｓee thｅm.

14.The place ｃonstantly eｘasperates，ａｔtiｍes exhilarates.

Ｎew Ｙork coｎｓtａntlｙirritates aｎｄannoｙs very mucｈｂｕｔsoｍetiｍesｉt also ｓtiｍula ｔes.

●Those as ｃａmｐaigｎsｃeｌebｒatiｎg tｈe ＢiｇApple,ｔhｏｓｅT－sｈirt wｉth a heaｒt

ｄeｓign prｏcｌaimｉnｇ“I lｏｖｅNeｗYｏｒｋ”aｒe sｉgns，paｔhetｉｃiｎtheirｄesperation of how the mｉghtｙhａs fａllen.

那些歌颂大苹果的广告活动和那些宣传“我在纽约”的印有心形图案的Ｔ桖是其在绝望中表现出来的悲哀迹象，表明了强者是如何失去地位的。

●Nowadａｙs Nｅw Yｏｒｋis ｏut of ｐhasｅｗith Ameriｃan tasｔｅａｓoften as it is ouｔ

of step wｉth American politics.

如今，纽约与美国人的情趣相脱节,就像其往往与美国政治步调不一致一样。

●A dozen ｏｔhｅr cｉties have bｕｉldｉngs more iｎspiｒeｄａｒchitectｕrally than aｎy built in

Ｎｅw Ｙork Citｙｉn the ｐaｓt twｅnty years.

其他十二座城市都有些创意极好的建筑,而纽约近二十年来的建筑均不能与之相比。

●New York was neｖｅr ａｇｏod convention city-being regaｒded asｕnfriｅndly unｓafe,ｏverc

ｒowdｅd，ａnd eｘpensive-ｂut it is ｍaking sｏｍethiｎg of a comeｂａck aｓa ｔouｒｉｓt ａｔtraction．

纽约从来都不是一个召开会议的好场所-－-被认为不友好、不安全、过度拥挤和消费昂贵－--但它正在恢复其旅游胜地的地位。

●Theｙｔａｋｅｍore readily than ｄoｍｏst Ａmericanｓto ｉｔs coｓmopolｉtan cｏｍplｅｘ

itiｅs, ｉtｓsurvivｉnｇ,aloof ,Ｅuropeaｎstanｄａrds ｉts aｌieｎmｉxtuｒes.

比起大多数美国人，他们更喜欢国际大都市里错综复杂的事物，其仍然存在的、冷漠的欧洲处事标准和各种外来风格的大杂烩。

●Ｂut all iｎａｌl，I can’t tｈｉnk oｆｍany plａcｅs iｎｔｈeｗorld I’d rａther liｖe．

但总而言之,我想不出个世界上还有什么其他的地方我更想去居住。

●Iｔhａs become leｓs a traｎｑuｉl parｋthａn an untｉdy caｒnｉｖａl .

中央公园不再是宁静的公园，而更像是乱糟糟的嘉年华。

● A teｓtinｇof oneself，a fear ｏf givｉnｇiｎｔo the moｓtｂanal anｄmａrkｅtａblｅｏf

ｏne’ｓtalｅnｔｓ，ｓtill drａwｓｍany of the youｎｇｔｏNｅｗYoｒk．

为了证明自己,害怕自己的才能沦为最迂腐和最易于在市场上出售的事物，许多年轻人仍然被吸引来到纽约。

●In time ｔhe newcｏmeｒs ｆiｎｄｏr form theｉｒown wｏrlds; Manｈattan is many ｓuch

ｗorlds, ｈuddled tｏgetｈer bｕt rarｅlｙinｔeracting.

新来者迟早会找到或形成自己的圈子;曼哈顿有很多这样的圈子,拥挤在一起，但却很少往来。

●The newｃｏｍｅrs are neveｒｆｕlｌy absorbｅｄ, buｔａｒｅadｄed preｃaｒiｏusly toｔｈｅ

uｎｄigｅstedｍanｙ.

新来者从未被完全同化,但是却不确定地加入到了未被消化的多数人之中。

Ｌesｓon Eｉght

1...．.below thｅnoｉsy argｕmｅnts，ｔhe abｕse and ｔhe ｑuaｒrelｓ, ｔherｅis a reｓerｖ

oir of iｎstｉnctive ｆｅｌｌow-ｆｅｅｌinｇ...

Ｔｈe Enｇlｉｓhｐeoｐlｅmaｙhｏtlｙａrgue ａｎdａbuｓe aｎd quarrｅl wｉth ｅａｃh ｏtｈeｒ, bｕt thｅre stiｌl eｘｉｓtｓa lot oｆnatural symｐatｈeｔiｃｆeeｌings for ｅach otheｒｉn tｈeiｒｈeaｒts．

2.....at heart theｙwｏuld lｉkｅto takeａwhip to the whoｌe idle troubｌeｓomｅmob of the

ｍ.

Wｈat tｈｅweaｌtｈy empｌoyers ｗoulｄreally like ｔo do iｓto whip all ｔhe woｒｋeｒs ｗhom theｙregarｄas lazｙａnd tｒouｂleｓｏme.

3..．．tｈｅre arｅｎot maｎy ｏf theｓe men ，eｉｔher on the boarｄoｒthe sｈｏｐflｏor... Thｅrｅareｎｏt ｍanｙsnarｌｉng shop steｗarｄs in ｔhe wｏrksｈop,nｏr ａre theｒe many crueｌｗealthy eｍpｌｏyers on tｈe ｂｏarｄof dｉｒectors.

4.It deｍaｎdｓbigness,aｎｄthey arｅsｕspicious of bｉｇｎesｓ．

The contemporarｙｗorldｄemandｓthａｔeｖerythｉng shoｕｌｄbe ｄｏｎｅon ａbiｇｓc ａｌe and tｈe Ｅnｇｌisｈdｏｎot trｕｓt bignｅss.

5.Agaiｎsｔthis ,atｌeast supeｒficially ,Ｅnｇliｓｈｎesｓｓeems a poor ｓhaｄoｗy show...

Aｔｌｅasｔon the suｒfａce ,ｗhｅｎＥｎglishness ｉs pｕt agaiｎsｔtｈe power ａｎd sｕccesｓoｆAdmass ，Eｎglishness sｅems to pｕt upａraｔher poｏｒpeｒformancｅ．

6.．．.while Eｎglishｎess ｉs not ｈｏｓtiｌe to chaｎge，it is deｅplｙsuspiciouｓof chａnｇe for

chaｎgｅ’s ｓaｋｅ.．.

Engｌishｎeｓs is nｏｔａgainｓｔchange, bｕt ｉt bｅｌieves tｈat cｈａｎginｇjuｓt fｏr ｃhange’s saｋe aｎd not oｔher ｕｓeful pｕrｐoseｓis very wrｏnｇaｎｄhaｒmful.

7.To put ｃarｓand ｍotｏrways before ｈouses ｓeems ｔo Enｇliｓhness a coｍmunａｌimbe

ｃiｌｉty.

Toｒeｇaｒd cars ａnd mｏtorwａｙs as more impoｒtant ｔhaｎhoｕses seeｍs tｏＥｎglisｈness a public stupidity.

8.Ｉｍｕst ａｄd ｔｈaｔｗhile Ｅngliｓhness can sｔｉll fｉghｔoｎ，Admａｓs couｌd b

ｅwｉnning.

I must fｕｒtherｓay ｔhａｔwhｉle Ｅｎgｌishnｅss ｃaｎgo on fiｇhtinｇ, ｔhｅｒe is ａgrｅａｔｐｏｓsｉbilｉｔy ｆｏｒAdmass ｔo wｉn.

9.It musｔhave ｓome moｒaｌcapital to draｗｕpon,and sｏon iｔmａy ｂe askｉｎg ｆoｒ

aｎoｖerdraft．

Enｇlishneｓs drawｓｉts ｓtｒengｔh from a reservoir oｆstrｏng moｒaｌａnｄeｔｈical principl ｅs ,aｎd soon iｔmａｙｂe ａskiｎg for ｓtreｎgth which thｉs rｅｓervoｉｒof princｉpｌｅs canｎｏt provide.

10.They probaｂly ｂelieｖe ，aｓＩdo ,thaｔthe Admass”Good Lｉfe”ｉｓa fｒaud ｏn aｌl

counts.

Ｔhｅre pｅｏple prｏbabｌy believe ,as Ｉdo，that the “Ｇｏod Lifｅ”prｏｍiｓｅd ｂyＡdmass iｓfalｓe anｄdｉshｏnｅst in all respeｃtｓ.

11..．．he will nｏt evｅｎｆｉnｄmｕch sａtｉsfactｉon ｉn thiｓscｒｏungｉnｇmｅｓｓyｅxistencｅ, which ｄoｅsｎｏｔｈing fｏr a mａn’s ｓelf-respect.

He wｉlｌnｏt ｅven find mucｈsａｔisｆaction in thiｓｕntiｄｙand dｉsorｄｅred liｆe where hｅmａnaｇeｓto lｉve as ａpａraｓiｔe byｓponｇing on peopｌe.Tｈｉs kinｄof life ｄoes ｎｏt helｐ a ｐerson to buiｌd up any self-rｅspｅｃt.

12.To ｔhｅm theＨouse ｏf Commons is a remote squabbling-ｓｈop.

Ｔhｅse people conｓiｄer thｅHｏuｓe ｏｆCoｍｍｏns as a pｌａce rathｅr far awayｆrom them wh ｅrｅsomｅpeｏplｅａrｅａlｗａys quarreling and aｒguiｎg oveｒsomｅsmalｌｍatｔerｓ．

13．．．heavy ｈanｄsｃan fall on the sｈｏuldeｒs tｈat ｈaｖｅｂｅeｎshruggiｎg away poｌｉtｉcs.

They wｅre vｅry ｗｒong to ignoｒe politicｓfor they cａn noｗsuｄdeｎlｙanｄfor nｏreaｓon beａｒreｓtedａnd thrown intｏｐｒisoｎ.

●Ｔｈe Englｉsh ａre eｖeｎmore diｆferｅntｔhaｎtｈey thｉnk they are , thoｕgｈnot mｏrｅ

ｄifｆｅreｎt than they feｅl ｔhey ａre.

英国人甚至比他们所认为的自己更加与众不同，但是同他们所感觉到的自己差不多。

●Ｔhisｉs ｂecauｓe theｒe are fｅwer fａnatiｃal bｅｌievｅrｓamongｔｈe Englisｈ, aｎd

ａt the samｅtｉme,beloｗｔhe noisy argumeｎtｓ,tｈｅabusｅａｎd the quarrels, tｈerｅi ｓ a reservoir ofｉnsｔinｃtivｅfellow-feeliｎｇ，not yeｔｅxｈａuｓteｄthｏugh it may not be filｌing ｕp.

这是因为在英国人当中,没有多少狂热的信徒，同时,在喧闹的争论、谩骂和争吵的背后,储蓄了一种本能的同胞之情,虽然没有满溢但也尚未枯竭。

●Tｈe rｅaｌEｎglｉｓh，whｏarｅ“diffｅｒeｎt”，whｏhａve inherｉｔed Ｅｎgliｓｈneｓ

s anｄｈave noｔyeｔtｈrowｎaｗay their ｉnheritance cannot fｅel aｔhｏme iｎthe contempoｒary world, rｅpｒｅｓenting the acceｌｅrated dｅvｅlopmenｔoｆoｕr ｗhole age. “与众不同的”真正的英国人继承了英国特性，并且尚未丢弃他们的传统，他们对这个代表着我们这个时代快速发展的当代世界感到不自在。

●Aｇaiｎst ｔｈiｓ, at leasｔｓｕpeｒfｉcｉａlｌy, Enｇｌiｓhness sｅemｓａpｏor ｓhadｏw

ｙshｏw- a faｉnt pencil ｓketch ｂeｓｉde ａpoｓter in full color -ｂelｏngｉｎｇas it really ｄｏｅs ｔo thｅinｖｉsiｂlｅｉnner wｏrｌd, mｅrely offerｉnｇstateｓｏｆmｉnd iｎplace oｆｔhａt rich variety ｏf tｈings.

与之相对的是,至少从表面上看来,英国特性似乎是一场不轻眼的影子戏--－-就像色彩鲜艳的海报旁边的一副模糊的铅笔素描---属于看不见的内心世界,只提供人的心境，而不提供种类繁多的物质用品。但是尽管物质用品是重要的，心境更重要。

●But ｉt ｉsｗorｔh noｔiｎｇalｏｎg theｗay that wｈｉle Ameriｃaｈaｓbｅen fｏr manｙ

yｅａrｓｔhｅchｉef advocａte of Admass, Ameｒicａhas shownｕs too maｎy desperａtｅly wｏrriedｅｘｅｃutｉvｅs dｒｏppinｇｉnto earｌy graｖes, ｔoo ｍaｎy ｅｘhaｕsted sａleｓmen taｋｉnｇreｆｕge in bars anｄbrｅaking uｐtｈeir homeｓ,too maｎy ｗorkmｅn suffｅrinｇfｒomｍonoｔony or ｔime-ａｎd -mｏtiｏn stｕｄies and wondering how tｈe hell theｙgot into thesｅｔraps

但是,值得注意的是,尽管美国多年来一直是“大众广告”的主要倡导者,美国所展现给我们的是太多忧虑过度的经理英年早逝,太多疲惫不堪的推销员在酒吧里借酒消愁，导致了家庭破裂,太多的工人遭受单调的时间-动作研究之苦，搞不明白他们是如何陷入这些陷阱之中的。

●Nｅw Ｅngｌiｓhnｅss ，wiｔh ｉts ｒelａtion ｔｏｔｈe uncｏnsｃioｕs, itｓdependenｃe u

ｐon instｉnct and intuｉtｉｏn,canｎｏt break its links wｉth the pａst : ｉt ｈas ｄeep long roots.

现在,英国特性与潜意识相关联，依赖于本能和直觉，不能与过去相割裂：它已根深蒂固。

●Furtｈermorｅ，ｗhｉle Eｎglishｎｅsｓiｓnot hｏｓtile ｔoｃhange ,ｉt is ｄeeply suspiciou

ｓｏｆchaｎge for chaｎge’s saｋe,rｅｊｅctｉｎg tｈe idea ｔｈat ｗe are nｏw cｏmmitｔed ｔo sｏｍe ｉnｅｖｉtaｂｌe ｍechaｎical proｇress.

而且,尽管英国特性对变革没有什么敌意，却极度怀疑为了变革而变革的做法,拒绝那种认为我们必须致力于一些不可避免的机械进步的观点。

●Bｅhｉnd ｔhe constant bicｋｅrｉnｇ，the suddｅnｗaｌk-outs and stｒikes, the “blood-min

ｄeｄnｅss”，ｗｈich bewiｌdｅｒｓo mａny ｆｏreｉgn commenｔaｔors,ｉｓｔｈe cｏnflｉct ｂetween Admass , offerｉng so ｍuｃh, and the Eｎglisｈnesｓtｈat iｎstincｔｉｖelyｒｅcoils ｆrom Admassｉaｎvalues anｄｌife-style.

在不断争吵的背后，困扰了如此多外国时事评论员的突发罢工和故意作对，成了大众广告和英国特性之间的冲突:前者提供了如此多的东西,后者不愿接受大众广告所提倡的价值观和生活方式。

●Moreover ,sooneｒoｒlatｅr thｅy wiｌl ｈａve ｔo putａn eｎｄto tｈｉs conｆｌｉct b

ｅｔween Admａss and wｈａt rｅmains of ｔheｉr Eｎglｉshneｓs,coming ｄown ｄecisiｖeｌｙon oｎe sｉｄe oｒthｅotheｒ, for thｅy cannｏt ｅnｊoy both ｔogｅｔher .

并且，他们迟早将结束这场大众广告和他们所保留的英国特性之间的冲突，果断地回到某一方，因为他们不能同时享有二者。

●Alｌｈeaｖily iｎdｕstrｉａlizeｄsoｃｉetiｅs are ｉn the boredｏｍbuｓiness.

所有高度工业化的社会都在制造无聊乏味。

●Ｄｉcｔaｔｏｒｓhｉps haｖe tｈriｖed on mａjoｒitieｓthat ａre apａtｈｅticａnd ｔhen fri

ｇhteneｄ, aｎｄon miｎoritiesｔhat arｅfaｎaｔicａlly ｄivｉdｅd，brutａｌlyｑuarｒelso ｍｅand stupｉd.

独裁统治在那些冷漠而惶恐的多数人和严重分裂，激烈争吵和愚蠢的少数人之间兴盛起来。

●Ａrather pｏｏrer aｎd harder way of liｆe wiｌl ｎot dｅｆeａt ｔhｅm ｓｏｌonｇas ｉｔis

not haｒder anｄpooreｒin spirit, so ｌong as it sｔill refuｓｅｓｔo rejｅｃt Eｎglishｎeｓｓ－foｒso mａny centｕrｉｅｓthe secreｔof tｈe islaｎders oddity and irrationaｌｉｔy ,tｈeir ｍany wｅａｋness ,ｔhey ｃreatｉve strength.

再贫困和再艰难的生活方式都不能打败他们，只要他们在精神上不感到艰难和贫困，只要仍然拒绝抛弃英国特性--这就是这么多世纪以来,岛国居民的奇特、非理性、缺点和创造力的奥秘所在。

高级英语第三版,张汉熙主编,paraphrase

U n i t2M a r r a k e c h 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals. 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

(完整版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-4单元课后题及答案

Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation

张汉熙《 高级英语 》重点词汇表整理第一册5

Lesson Five Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of USSR Words and Expressions to Learn 1.Nouns Winston Churchill, conviction, account, luncheon, appetite, aggression, opponent, spectacle, threshold, champion, onslaught, locust, prey, bomber, subjugation, vestige, doom, tyranny, prelude, Western Hemisphere, outrage, 2.Verbs wring, cow, smart, concur, moralize, hurl, intervene, fortify, lure, slacken, till, revert, thrive, redouble, enlist, broadcast, ground, unfold, clank, click, resolve, parley, strengthen, rescue, impel, prosper 3.Adjectives and Adverbs presently, enormous, arch, indistinguishable, devoid, ferocious, consistent, hideous, dandified, crafty, drilled, docile, brutish, villainous, irrevocable, steadfastly, woefully, hateful, namely 4.Noun Phrases the Nazi regime, racial domination, ferocious aggression, time immemorial, means of existence, primordial human joys, cataract of horrors, an attempted invasion, hearth and home 5.Verb Phrases make a favorable reference, round up, excel in, flash away, rid…off…, appeal to, engage in, subjugate…to…, count on, redouble exertions, revert to, 6.Other phrases the same is true of…, to the effect that, in due course, no more than, in vain, with rapidity and violence, on the threshold, it is not for me to speak of 7.Cultural Background Winston Churchill, WWII , Dominions, Commonwealth of Nations,

高级英语-1-答案-(外研社;第三版;张汉熙主编)

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 9 “A More Perfect

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责， 债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的， 执着的

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译everydayuseforyour

I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her. You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs. Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后答案

LesｓｏｎOnｅ 1.And it iｓan actｉviｔｙｏnlｙｏf hｕmａns. And conｖersatｉon is an actｉvity fｏund onlｙaｍongｈｕmaｎbeinｇs. 2.Cｏnverｓａtｉｏn is not for maｋiｎg a point. Converｓation is noｔｆor pｅｒsuadiｎｇotheｒs to acceｐt our ｉdeas oｒpoｉnts oｆviｅwｓ. 3.Ｉn facｔ, the ｂｅst ｃonｖeｒsatiｏnalｉsts ａre thｏse wｈo ａｒe pｒepared tｏlｏｓｅ. Iｎfａｃｔ，pｅople whｏａｒe goｏd ａt convｅrsatｉｏn ｗｉll not argue to wiｎｏr foｒce others to accｅpｔhis iｄｅas. 4.Bａr frienｄs are nｏｔdｅeply iｎvolvｅd ｉｎｅach otｈer’s ｌives. Ｐeople ｗho meeｔeａｃｈoｔher ｆor a driｎkｉn the bａrｏｆａpub ａrｅｎoｔcｌose fri ｅnｄs foｒｔｈeｙarｅｎot deeｐｌy aｂsoｒbeｄin each othｅr’s privａte ｌives. 5.....it couｌｄstilｌgo ｉｇｎｏｒａntlｙoｎ... Theｃonｖeｒｓaｔiｏn ｃouldｇo on witｈout anybｏｄy knowing wｈo waｓright oｒwrong. 6.Tｈeｒe are cａttlｅinｔｈe fieｌds ，bｕｔwｅsｉtｄown tｏｂeｅf． Theｓe anｉmalｓａｒe calｌｅd cａttlｅwｈen ｔhｅy are alive and feed in the fieｌdｓ,but ｗhen ｗe sｉｔdoｗn ａtｔｈe table ｔｏｅaｔ,we calｌｔheir mｅet beef. 7.The ｎew ruling cｌａssｈａｄｂuilｔa ｃulｔuｒaｌbａrｒiｅｒａgainｓt him byｂuｉ lding ｔheiｒFreｎcｈagainsｔhiｓown langｕage. The nｅwｒuling class ｂy usｉｎg French instead of English made ｉt haｒdｆor tｈｅＥngｌish to ａcｃｅｐt oｒaｂsorb theｃulｔure of the rulers. 8.Eｎgｌish ｈad comｅroyalｌｙiｎｔo ｉts own. English receｉveｄproper reｃognｉtｉon aｎd was used by tｈe Ｋing onｃe ｍore. 9.The phｒａsｅｈas aｌwaｙｓbｅeｎｕｓｅd a ｌittle ｐeｊoratiｖelyａnd even fａcetioｕsly ｂｙthe loｗeｒclasｓｅs. The phrasｅ, tｈe Kiｎｇ’s Ｅnglisｈ，hａｓalways ｂeen used disrespｅｃtｆully and jokｉnｇly b ｙｔhe lowｅr classeｓ．(The ｗoｒkiｎg pｅoplｅｏftｅn mock tｈｅproper anｄformal laｎｇuage oｆthe educａted ｐeoｐle.) 10.The rebｅlｌioｎagａinst a cｕlturalｄoｍiｎanｃｅis stｉll tｈeｒｅ. As ｔｈｅearｌｙＳaxon ｐeaｓants , the workiｎg pｅoplｅｓtill haｖｅａspiｒiｔof opｐｏsiti ｏn toｔｈe culｔｕｒal aｕthｏｒｉty of the ｒｕling ｃlass. 11.Tｈereｉs always a ｇreａt danｇer that“ woｒｄs wiｌl ｈarｄenｉnto thingｓfor uｓ．“Theｒeｉs aｌｗays ａgreaｔdangｅr ，as Caｒlyle pｕt iｔ, that wｅmiｇｈt ｆorｇet tｈat woｒdｓare onｌy ｓymｂols and tａke tｈem fｏｒtｈingｓtheyａre ｓuｐpoｓｅd tｏrepｒesｅnt. a.Hoｗｅver ｉntricate tｈｅｗａｙｓin whicｈanｉmalｓｃommunicａte witｈeaｃｈｏｔｈer, they do not ｉｎdulge ｉnａnything thaｔdeservesｔｈe namｅoｆcoｎversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂,它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argｕmｅｎt ｍａy oｆten be a part oｆit, bｕt tｈe purｐose of the aｒguｍeｎt is ｎot to convince. Therｅis ｎo winning in coｎveｒｓａtion. 争论会经常出现于交谈中,但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhａps ｉt iｓbｅcauｓe ofｍy uｐbrｉnｇiｎg ｉｎEngｌish puｂs tｈaｔI think ｂar conversａｔｉｏn ｈaｓ a ｃharm ｏf its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(修订本)学习指南(Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” Ci

Unit 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest”City in Japan 一、词汇短语 1. reportorial [7repE5tC:riEl] adj. reporting报告的，报道的 2. preoccupation [pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn]n. an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是 如何养家糊口。 3. kimono [ki5mEunEu] n. a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a long loose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服 4. bob [bCb] vi. to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木 浮标在水中上下漂动 5. ritual [5ritjuEl] adj. of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典 礼的 n. old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许 多风俗、仪式都极其古老。 6. fa?ade [fE5sB:d] n. the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华 丽的正面 7. grocery [5^rEusEri] n. a store selling foodstuffs and various household supplies

高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6-8课课后翻译知识讲解

Unit1 1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。 6. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality. 词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后答案(2)

Lesson One 1.And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5.....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8.English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

高级英语第三版第一册课文翻译和词汇1-6

高级英语（第三版）第一册课文译文和词汇张汉熙版Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫.布兰克 小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一-密西西比州的高尔夫港--肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。 约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。"我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，'他对父亲说，"而且距离海边足有250码远。这幢房子是1915年建造的。至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。" 老柯夏克67岁.是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。他对儿子的意见表示赞同。"我们是可以严加防卫。度过难关的，"他说?"一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。" 为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。约翰的父亲将一台小发电机搬到楼下门厅里.接上几个灯泡。并做好把发电机与电冰箱接通的准备。 那天下午，雨一直下个不停.乌云随着越来越猛的暴风从海湾上空席卷而来。全家早早地用晚餐。邻居中一个丈夫去了越南的妇女跑过来。问她和她的两个孩子是否能搬进柯夏克家躲避风灾：另一个准备向内陆带转移的邻居也跑来问柯夏克家能否替他照看一下他的狗。 不到七点钟，天就黑了.，狂风暴雨拍打着屋子。约翰让大儿子和大女儿上楼去取来被褥和枕头给几个小一点的孩子。他想把全家人都集中在同一层楼上。"不要靠近窗户!"他警告说，担心在飓风巾震破的玻璃碎片会飞来伤人。风凶猛地咆哮起来?屋子开始漏雨了……那雨水好像能穿墙透壁，往屋里直灌。一家人都操起拖把、毛巾、盆罐和水桶，展l开了一场排水战。到八点半钟，电没有了。柯夏克老爹便启动了小发电机。 飓风的咆哮声压倒了一切。房子摇晃着，起居室的天花板一块块掉下来。楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。积水已经漫到脚踝上了。 随后，前门开始从门框上脱落。约翰和查理用肩膀抵住¨，但一股水浪冲击过来。撞开了大门，把两人都掀倒在地板上。发电机泡在水里，电灯熄灭了。查理舔了舔嘴唇，对着约翰大喊道："这回可真是大难临头了。这水是成的。"海水已经漫到屋子跟前?积水仍不断上涨。 "都从后门到汽车上去!"约翰提高嗓门大叫道。"我们把孩子2们一个个递过去，数一数! 一共九个!"