李辉老师语法主谓一致

讲义·主谓一致

谓语动词三要素：主被动、时态、主谓一致（虚拟语气、情态动词）

主语和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是主谓一致。

也就是，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。

My family _is_ (be) a big one.

My family _are_ (be) watching TV.

family = 整体（一个家）= 单数

family = 家庭里所有的成员= 复数

【壹】语法形式一致原则

一、主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时，主谓

一致仍看中心词

表示增加的：as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, plus等

along with 和

in addition to 除此之外（包含前面的内容）

besides 除此之外（包含前面的内容）

accompanied by 跟随着……

plus 加上，还有

The man (together with his wife and children) sits on the sofa watching TV.

那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。

The man, his wife and their children sit on the sofa watching TV.

and是并列连词

表示减去的：except, but（除去）等

All the students (except Tom) have been to America.

除汤姆外，其他学生都去过美国。

I want nobody but you.

表示补充说明的：including, rather than, like（像）, such as等

The text book, plus its reference books, is well designed.

这本教材，还有参考书，设计的都很好。

Someone Like You

小试牛刀

1. （2004北京）The teacher, (with6 girls and 8 boys) (of her class), ______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

2. （2012陕西）The basketball coach, (as well as his team), ______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. are

3. （2007江西）A survey (of the opinions) (of experts) ______ that three hours (of outdoor exercise a week) ______ good for one's health.

A. show; are

B. shows; is

C. show; is

D. shows; are

4. （2010四川）Such poets (as Shakespeare) ______ widely read, of whose works, however, some ______ difficult to understand.

A. are; are

B. is; is

C. are; is

D. is: are

5. （2007湖南）We live day by day, but in the great things, the time (of days and weeks) ______ so small that a day is unimportant.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

二、从句作主语

单个从句做主语时（= 一件事），谓语动词用单数；

多个从句做主语时（= 多件事），谓语动词用复数；

由what引导的主语从句，参看【意义一致原则】部分。

小试牛刀

6. How close parents are to their children ______ a strong influence (on the character) (of the children).

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. was

7. When we are to hold the sports meeting ______ been decided. Whether he succeeds or fails ______ matter.

A. have; don’t

B. has; don’t

C. have; doesn’t

D. has; doesn’t

8. That they were wrong (in these matters) ______ now clear to us all.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

三、动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）作主语

如果是一个动名词或动词不定式做主语（= 一件事），谓语动词用单数。

Looking after the children is my full time job.

To die for the people is a worthy death.

When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.

两个或两个以上（指不同的事时= 多件事），则要用复数。

Playing basketball and swimming are his favorite sports.

When to hold the meeting and where to hold the meeting are unknown.

小试牛刀

9. When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.

is not decided／has not been decided

A. is not decided

B. are not decided

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

10. When to leave and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

11. （2010湖南）Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

causes／has caused

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

12. Going to bed early and getting up early ______ a good habit. Singing and dancing ______ two of the things that he likes best.

A. is; is

B. are; is

C. is; are

D. are; are

四、用and连接的两个表示不同概念的名词（U/C）作主语，谓语

动词用复数形式

U = un count able不可数

C = count able可数

小试牛刀

13. Both rice and wheat ______ grown in that country.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. has

14. Light and heat ______ often sent out together with heavy smoke.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. being（非谓语）

15. Both the secretary and the manager ______ agreed to attend the meeting.

A. has

B. have

C. are

D. is

五、“this kind(of+名词)”与“名词+(of this kind)”

由a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of后跟名词做主语时，谓语要和kind保持一致。

“名词+of this kind”做主语时，谓语在单复数上要和名词保持一致。

因为of短语通常做定语，主语的主体还是of前的部分。

类似这种情况还适用于：type, sort, form, part, piece等。of后面的名词是可数名词时可以用单数也可用复数。

例：This kind (of books) is useful. = Books (of this kind) are useful.

小试牛刀

16. This kind (of snakes) ______ very dangerous. These kinds (of metal) ______ hard to find.

A. is; is

B. are; is

C. is; are

D. are; are

17. This kind (of stories) ______ instructive while stories (of that kind) ______ harmful to children.

A. is; seems

B. are; seem

C. is; seem

D. are; seems

18. Many kind s (of furniture) ______ being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.

A. is

B. are

C. having （非谓）

D. was

19. Apples of this kind ______.

A. tastes good

B. tastes well

C. taste good

D. taste well

六、倒装句的主谓一致要看原主语

例：Such is my plan. 这就是我的计划。

Such are his words. 这就是他的话。

The following are good examples. 下面是一些好例子。

小试牛刀

20. Such ______ Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.

Such ______ her word s.

A. were; were

B. was; were

C. were; were

D. was; was

21. He bought me two novels and an English dictionary. Such ______ the gifts (he gave me).

A. was

B. is

C. were

D. are

22. At the station ______ a teacher and two students (on their way) (to the city).

A. were

B. was

C. is

D. sits

23. On the wall ______ two large portraits.

A. hangs

B. hang

C. hanged

D. hanging（非谓语）

【贰】意义一致原则

有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。

例：The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。

一、表示“时间、温度、重量、距离、金额”等的复数名词作主语

一般把它们看作一个整体来表示一定的量，谓语动词用单数。

例：Twenty years is only a short time in human history. 在人类的历史中，二十年只不过是很短暂的一段时间。

（在这里，把“二十年”看成“一段时间”。）

小试牛刀

1. Where ______ that five pounds (I lent you)?

A. is

B. have

C. was

D. were

2. I don’t like very hot weather. Thirty degrees ______ too warm for me.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

3. Six times seven ______ forty-two.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. was

4. A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today, for modem jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours.

A. meant

B. means

C. mean

D. will mean

5. Twenty-five years ______ (since I graduated) (from college).

A. pass

B. passed

C. has passed

D. has been passed

二、以the + adj.（或过去分词）结构作主语

the poor = the poor (people)

the poor = the poor (person) = the poor (one)

谓语动词常用复数形式，如the brave, the poor, the blind, the sick, the unemployed等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。

例：The rich are to help the poor.

The dead are soon forgotten.

Generally speaking, the young are eager for success.

The wounded was a young boy.

小试牛刀

6. The sick ______ been cured and the lost ______ been found.

A. has; have

B. have; has

C. have; have

D. has; has

7. The poor ______ always dreaming ______ becoming rich.

A. are; in

B. is; to

C. is; of

D. are; of

dream (that) + 句子

dream of + 名词／动名词doing

8. The Chinese usually ______ chopsticks for meals, while the British ______ knives and forks.

A. use; uses

B. uses; use

C. use; use

D. used; use

三、not..., but...“不是…而是…”，谓语要和“而是…”后面的名词

保持一致

小试牛刀

9. I, not you, ______ in the wrong. Not I but he ______ been invited.

A. were, have

B. were, has

C. was, has

D. was, have

10. Not the teacher, but the students ______ looking forward to seeing the film.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

11. Not his sister but his two cousins ______ to Hainan, never to be seen again.

A. had gone

B. have gone

C. has been

D. have been

四、如果and连接的两个名词，指同一个人或事时，谓语用单数

两个名词表示同一个人时，后面的名词前没有冠词

The writer and the professor have arrived.

那个作家和那个教授已经到了。

The writer and professor has arrived.

既是作家又是教授的那个人到了。

常作为一个整体概念来看待的组合有下面这些，谓语用单数

bread and butter 黄油面包

bread and cheese 涂奶酪的面包

a knife and fork一副刀叉

a watch and chain一只系有表带的手表

a cart and horse一辆马车

needle and thread 针线

law and order法律和秩序

Bread and butter is her favorite food.

黄油面包是她最喜欢吃的食物。

Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.

反复实验（不断摸索）是我们知识的来源。

小试牛刀

12. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.

A. making（非谓语）

B. to make（非谓语）

C. make

D. makes

13. There ______ a needle and thread. You can do the sewing and mending yourself.

A. have

B. has

C. is

D. are

14. Our League secretary (团支书) and monitor (班长) ______ the lead (领头) in everything.

Our League secretary and the monitor ______ good friends.

A. take; are

B. take; is

C. takes; is

D. takes; are

五、a number of与the number of

“a number of + 可数名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数

“the number of + 名词复数”作主语，表示“…的数字”，实际上是一个数字，谓语用单数。

小试牛刀

15. The number of the people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.

A. were, was

B. was; was

C. was; were

D. were; were

16. （2009山东）The number of foreign students (attending Chinese universities) ______ rising steadily since 1990.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

17. （2010四川）The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ______.

A. small

B. few

C. large

D. many

六、population（人口数；所有的人）

the population of，强调的是“人口数”，是一个“数字”，作主语时后面的谓语一般用单数；

但是当“分数+ of the population”时，后面谓语一般用复数形式。

①The population of the city _is_ two million.

②Two thirds of the population _are_ workers.

小试牛刀

18. The population of China ______over 14 million and over 80 percent of its population ______ peasants.

A. is, are

B. are, is

C. is, is

D. are, are

19. （2009江苏）The population of Jiangsu ______ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.

A. has grown

B. have grown

C. grew

D. are growing

七、all做主语表示人时，谓语用复数；若表事，谓语则用单数

例：All is well (that ends well). = All (that ends well) is well.

All are eager to reach an agreement.

小试牛刀

20. “All ______ present and all ______ going on well,” said our monitor.

A. is, is

B. are, are

C. are, is

D. is, are

21. All (that can be done) ______ done.

A. has been

B. have been

C. has

D. have

22. All (but one) ______ here just now. All (that I want to say) ______ this.

A. was; were

B. was; is

C. were; is

D. were; were

23. Little ______ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much ______ done to fight against pollution.

A. has been; have been

B. have; has

C. has been; has been

D. have been; have been

八、what引导的句子做主语时，谓语要看后面的名词

例：What he gave me are five English books. 他给我的是5本英语书。

What he needs is money. 他需要的是钱。

小试牛刀

24. What we need ______ good textbook s.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

25. Most of what has been said (about the Smiths) ______ also true of the Johnsons.

A. are

B. is

C. being

D. to be

26. What they have done ______ of great use to us. What he says and what he does ______ agree.

A. is; not

B. is; do not

C. are; does not

D. are; not

【叁】所谓“就近一致原则”

一、在there be的结构中

当有几个并列实义主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式一般要与第一个主语保持一致。

例：There is a desk and four benches in the office.

办公室有一张桌子，四条长凳。

There are two chairs and a desk in the office.

办公室有两把椅子一张桌子。

小试牛刀

There is a boy. （A boy is there.）

A boy stands there. →There stands a boy.

A boy sits there. →There sits a boy.

1. There ______ a desk, a table and three chairs in the room.

A. has

B. have

C. is

D. are

2. ______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at

B. There stands; under

C. Stands there; under

D. There stands; at

3. ______ a small village beyond the mountains.

A. There lie

B. There laying

C. There lies

D. There has

二、or, either... or…, neither... nor..., not only... but also...连接两

个主语时

在陈述句中，谓语在人称和数上与后一个保持一致

You or he is to blame. 你或他有一个人要受责备。

either A or B

在疑问句中，要看最前面的那个主语。

Are you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？

both A and B = 2

either A or B = 1

neither A nor B = 0

救近原则= 就近原则

小试牛刀

4. （2009湖南）Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

A. are

B. is

C. have

D. be

5. Neither you nor I, nor anyone else ______ the answer.

A. knows

B. know

C. has been known

D. is knowing

6. One or perhaps more page s ______.

A. is missing

B. has been missed

C. are missing

D. was missing

7. Not only I but Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

【肆】查漏补缺

用and连接的单数主语，前面有each, every, no, many a等修饰时（和more than one）

重点在强调每一个，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例：Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.

每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

很多姑娘小伙子都见过。

Every hour and every minute is important.

每一小时或每一分钟都很重要。

No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.

没有一位雇主和雇员知道如何处理这件事

小试牛刀

1. Every man worker and every woman worker ______ free medical care.

At Christmas each boy and each girl ______ given a present.

A. enjoy; is

B. enjoy; are

C. enjoys; is

D. enjoys; are

2. （2008陕西）- Did you go to the show last night?

-Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.

A. were

B. have been

C. has been

D. was

3. No chair and no desk ______ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.

A. are

B. were

C. is

D. be

4. Many a boy and many a girl ______ made the same mistake.

A. has

B. have

C. is

D. are

Many boys and many girls _have_ made the same mistake.

5. （2010陕西）It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.

A. are being built

B. were being built

C. was being built

D. is being built

6. More than one student ______ been sent to Japan since 2000.

More than one hundred students ______ been sent to Japan since 2000.

A. have; have

B. has; has

C. have; has

D. has; have