2020届高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之必备词汇辨析(十)

2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析（十）

1、job, labour, work

这一组名词都表示“工作”。

job指具体的“工作，职业”，特别是指有报酬的工作。它是可数名词。如：He has a good job in a bank.他在银行有一份很好的工作。They were paid according to the number of jobs they completed.他们是按劳计酬的。

labour指艰苦的劳动，尤指繁重的体力劳动。当用来指脑力劳动时，强调绞尽脑汁的艰辛。它可作可数名词及不可数名词。如：physical labour(体力劳动), mental labour(脑力劳动)，hard labour(苦役)，the fruit of one's labours (劳动果实)。

work是含义极广的常用词，它可指任何一种工作，包括体力和脑力劳动。作“工作”解的work是不可数名词，没有复数形式。当作可数名词时，work指“（文学艺术）作品，著作”等；works则指“工厂”，单复数为同一种形式。

如：That is not easy work.那不是一件容易的工作。What a great work of art!多好的一件艺术作品呀。His complete works have been reprinted.他的著作全集已经被发表了。It takes a lot of work to build an iron works.要建造一家制铁厂需要花许多工夫。

2、join, join in, take part in

这一组词都有“参加”的意思。

join多指加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。join后也可接人，表示和某人一起参加某活动。如：It's two years since he joined the club.他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year. 他于一九四五年参军，并在第二年入党。Will you join us?跟我们一起来，好吗？

join in指参加某项游戏，活动，讨论等，in为介词或副词。此短语常用于join sb. in...结构，in后可接名词或动名词，介词in短语有时可以省去。如：Do join

us (in the game).跟我们一起做游戏吧。They joined me in congratulating you.他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。Let's join in and give them a warm welcome.让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。The whole crowd joined in singing the popular song.整个人群都唱起了这首流行歌曲。

take part in多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争等，含有以主人翁的态度加入其中并发挥一定作用的意思。如：The Union took an active part in the strike.工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。They took a leading part in the efforts to strengthen the national defense. 他们在加强国防力量方面出了很大力。He took part in the students' movement in the early forties. 在四十年代初，他参加了学生运动。The Swiss didn't take part in the two World Wars. 瑞典没有参加两次世界大战。

3、journey, tour, trip, travel

这一组词都表示“旅行”。

journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行，常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长，而且有最终不一定要回到原出发地的含义，常蕴涵辛苦的意味。有时它也被用来指海上与空中的旅行。如：He decided to make the journey to Dunhuang, and it was rather difficult. 他决定去敦煌旅游，但旅途会很艰难。Life is a long journey from birth to death. 从出生到死亡，人生是一个漫长的旅程。

tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，距离可长可短，常用来指观光与商业旅行等。如：She made a tour of Korea.她去韩国旅行了一次。He has gone on a walking tour.他去参加了步行旅游。

trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如因公出差及游览度假等，它可指海陆空的旅行，并往往暗示会回到原出发地。在比较通俗的用法中，常可代替journey表示长途旅行。如：I am going to make a trip to Hangzhou.我准备去杭州旅游。He took several trips to Shanghai in 1997.在一九九七年，他去了几次上海。

travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤指到国外的旅行，它无定向的目的地，有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。作不可数名词时，常被

用来泛指旅行这一行为。如：Did you go to Santiago during your travels?这次旅行你去了圣地亚哥了没有？Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.在茂密的森林中穿梭是很危险的。

4、keep doing, keep on doing

这两个词组均用来表示“不断做”的意思，但在涵义上有所不同。

keep doing和keep on doing都可表示“不断（老是）做某事”的意思，强调动作连续不断，每隔一会儿发生，这时两者可以换用。不同的是keep doing中的doing是动名词，作宾语。例如：John always kept (on) asking questions.约翰总是问个不停。News of successes keeps (on) pouring in.捷报频传。

keep doing还可表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态。keep on doing则没有这种用法。例如：We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。Why do the dogs keep barking?这些狗为什么不停地叫？

5、keep sb. from doing sth., keep sth. from sb.

keep sb. from doing sth.相当于prevent (or: stop) sb. from doing sth., 意为"阻止某人做某事"。

keep sth. from sb.则表示“将某事瞒着某人”的意思。例如：What kept you from joining me? 什么事情使你不能和我在一起？We must keep them from getting to know our plans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。It seems that she keeps something from us.她好像有什么事瞒着我们似的。Why did you keep the truth from me? 你为什么向我隐瞒真相？

6、kind, sort, type

这一组词都表示“种类”，常可互换使用。

kind系普通用语，其含义较模糊，它所指的种类可用任何标准区分，但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。kind常和type换用，但在表示动植物的种类,族及牌类游戏时，不能用type代替。如：There are different kinds of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal Park. 在上海野生动物园有许多不同的动物。

Computers can actually do many kinds of work. 事实上，电脑能做许多不同的工作。

sort也为普通用语，比kind更口语化，其概念同kind一样很不严密，两者常可互换，但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩，带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如：We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。

7、know, recognize

know为“认识，熟悉，知道”，表示认识或熟悉某人，某事，某地。它可作及物或不及物动词，后接名词，代词及从句作宾语，另可接含形容词及不定式的复合结构。如：Who knows, perhaps he doesn't care about me at all.谁知道呢，也许他根本不在乎我。Have you known Oliver long? I knew him as long ago as the year 1984. 你很久以前就认识奥利福了吗？我在一九八四年的时候就认识他了。I didn't know you were coming today.我不知道你会来。I've never known you so cheerful.我从来不知道你这么开朗。I know her to be a fool.我知道她是个傻瓜。

recognize为“认出，认清，承认”，表示能认出原来认识或曾经见过的人，物及地方，以及承认某事物的客观存在。它只作及物动词，后接名词，代词及从句作宾语。如：You have grown so tall that I scarcely recognize you.你长成这么高，我几乎认不出你来了。Did you recognize your uncle at once? 你是不是一下子就认出你的叔叔来了？Presently I recognized that we were in the Atlantic Avenue. 现在我知道我们在亚特兰大大街。

8、keep up, keep up with

keep up既可是动副型短语动词，也可是动介型短语动词，主要表示“（斗志，价格等）不低落”，“维持，继续”等意。可以用于被动语态。例如：Their spirit kept up well in spite of hardships.虽有困难，但他们并不气馁。Prices still keep up.物价仍旧上涨。I hope the weather will keep up.我希望天气继续晴朗。They entered into a correspondence which was kept up for almost 10 years. 他们开始通信了，并且把这种通信联系保持了十年之久。

keep up with是一个动副介型短语动词，后须接名词做其宾语，表示“跟上，与...同步前进”的意思，即有强调并行不悖，不掉队的意味。只用于主动语态。例如：He walked so fast that I could hardly kept up with him.他走得那么快，我简直跟不上了。We must keep up with the times. 我们应该跟上时代。

9、knock down, knock out

这两个短语动词是动副型，knock既可作及物动词用，也可作不及物动词用。两个短语动词均在句中作谓语，只是意义不同。1. knock down主要表示下列几种意义：1.击倒，打倒 2.拍卖给 3.拆卸，拆散 4.（强迫）减价。例如：He was knocked down by a lorry.他被一辆卡车撞倒了。He knocked his opponent down.他将他的对手击倒。These old houses are to be knocked down.这些旧房子将被拆除。The painting was knocked down to Smith for 5 dollars.那幅画以5美元的价钱卖给史密斯先生了。The machines will be knocked down before being shipped to the Persian Gulf. 这些机器在运往波斯湾之前将被拆卸。He asked '500 for his car, but I managed to knock him down 10 percent.他的汽车要500美元，但我设法使他减价百分之十。

knock out则主要表示下列几种意义：1.敲掉，敲空；2.在拳击中“击倒”对方，使其在规定时间内不能起立 3.比喻用法：“使……震惊，惊奇”。例如：He knocked the nail out.他把钉子敲了出来。He knocked his pipe out before refilling it.再装烟丝之前，他磕出了烟斗里的烟灰。Joe knocked his opponent out in the first round of the contest. 乔在比赛的第一回合中就把对方击倒了。For a moment he was completely knocked out by the news of his friend's death. 他被他朋友逝世的消息一下子惊得完全呆住。

10、know, know of

know作及物动词，表示“知道，懂得”的意思时，其后一般接表示事物的名词，从句，不定式复合结构。但它表示“认识，了解，熟悉”的意思时，其后多接表示人的名词或代词，也可接事物名词。例如：Do you know their names? 你知道他们的名字吗？Do you know what his name is? 你知道他叫什么名字吗？I never knew

him to act without thinking.我从未发现他轻率行事过。I got to know him in the autumn of 1963. 我是在1963年秋天认识他的。

know of亦可解作know about，其后可接表示人或事物的名词，表示“知道（有），听说”的意思，指间接地获得的信息或情况，相当于hear of。例如：How did you come to know of this? 你怎么知道有这事的？I don't know him but I know of him. 我不认识他，但听说过他。

11、known to, known for, known as

这三个形容词短语在使用中均与联系动词be连用，只是在意义上有所不同。

known to表示“为...所熟知”或“闻名于”等意，值得注意的是，在由及物动词know的主动句变被动句时，就要用这种结构。例如：The use of gunpowder was known to the Chinese before the Europeans.中国人懂得应用火药是在欧洲人之前。Luxun is known to the world. 鲁迅举世闻名。

known for和known as的意义和用法与famous for和famous as相同。如：Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.杭州以西湖而闻名。He is known as a painter. 他以作为一名画家而出名。

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