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The House of Lords英国上议院简介

The  House  of  Lords英国上议院简介
The  House  of  Lords英国上议院简介

The House of Lords

The House of Lords is made up largely of life peers with experience in wide-ranging fields, including medicine,education, science, the armed services, academia.the arts, business, industry, the charity sector and public life. They meet and discuss legislation or issues that concern them and to question the government.

This House of Lords is one of the most impressive rooms in the House of Parliament. Unlike the Commons which was rebuilt after the WWⅡ. The House of Lords is a working space and it is integral to the parliament’s work. As a forum of independent expertise member of the Lords play a central role in making laws. Scrutinizing, revising and initiating legislation as well as holding a government where it comes. The Lor ds’ speaker sits there on the woolsack. The Lords’ speaker’s role is to offer advice on procedure and to act as an ambassador for the House. The House of Lords is a self-regulating house.The Lords’ speaker preside over debates but it’s not decide who speak s. The woolsack is a sort of having been introduced in the 16th century to reflect the economic importance of the world trade to England. Over the years, its, stuffing changing to horse hair. But in 1938, It was stuffed with wool from England, Wales, Scotland ,Northern Ireland and countries of the Commonwealth ,given by the International Wool Secretariat.And the development of the Lords is also distant.

In 1256 years, Simom de Montfort summoned two knights from each shire and two citizens from each of the more important towns to the Great Council,thus it got the name Parliament. Then during the Hundred Years’ War ,Parliament was formally divided into two parts,Lords and Commons. In 17th century, Parliament was ruled by the king.After the Glorious Revolution,1689s,the Bill of Rights came out,this was a bill which ended the theories of hereditary right to the throne and since then every English monarch rules by permission of Parliament, so after 1688s,the Glorious Revolution marked the shift in power from monarch to parliament.

1832s:the year of the first Reform Bill passed,the House of Lords has become less important than the House of Commons.

Also the member of the Lords are a significant part , It has over 1000 non-elected members who are Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. Lords Spiritual which includes the 2 archbishops of the Church of England , Canterbury and York, and 42 diocesan bishops.Their eligibility to sit ends on retirement. And Lords Temporal, It includes hereditary peers and life peers.

Hereditary Peers ,in order of rank ,they are Duke, Marquis,Earl, Viscount,Baron. However, since 1963 a hereditary peer can give up his noble title .But this does not prevent the peer's heir from inheritinghis title.then talk about the Life Peers. The life peers is the person who is given a title during his or her lifetime ,in honor of his or her professional

achievements. And since the Life Peerage Act 1958,about 15 to 20 life peerage have been given each year .

In fact m any Lords aren’t enthusiastic abou t politics ,so the average daily attendance is quite low. Their average age is 63.thus the House also called '' nursing home '' by some people. Besides,The peers get no parliamentary salary, but they enjoy a small allowance for each day of attendance.

The important part is the function. The functions of the House of Lords are both parliamentary and judicial .

let’s know the parliamentary function. t heoretically , the Lords run parallel to the Commons.But in fact the Lords does not exercise the dominant constitutional influence.In 1911 an Act was passed under which the House of Lords could not prevent for more than 2 years a bill from passing into law .The interval was reduced to 1 year in1949. This also called Suspensive vote. What’s more ,t he Lords has no power to prevent the passing of legislation or bills approved by the House of Commons.

It seems unlikely that the Upper House would ever use even the small power which is still left to it.However,in the judicial functions the Lords it is unique.

The House of Lords is the highest court in Britain hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts.Actually,when acting as the final court of appeal in Britain,the Lords employs only ''law lords'',who sits as

the highest court of appeal in England . Besides ,the Lords is presided by the Lord Chancellor as its Speaker .

The Lords are more informal than those of the Commons,and their role in saving the Commons a great amount of time is widely recognized. Now thework of Lords is largely complementary to that of the Commons.

英语一班

刘晖

14571115

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英国历史上的重大事件简介 公元1840年 ·6月,英国对中国发动鸦片战争 ·英国在世界上首次发行邮票——“黑便士”实行邮资制 ·英国J.P.焦耳发现电热当量,并测试了热功当量,为能量守恒和转换定律作出贡献 公元1840~1842年 ·英国宪章运动第二阶段 公元1841年 ·英国W.菲利肯斯提出第一个地层系统表 公元1842年 ·中英签订《南京条约》 ·英国J.B.劳斯建成第一个过磷酸钙厂生产氮肥 公元1843年 ·10月,中英签订《虎门条约》 ·英国A.拜恩发明了可以传送文字和图形的自动化记录电报装置

公元1845年 ·英国R.W.汤姆森获充气轮胎专利。数十年后用于自行车和汽车车胎 公元1846年 ·英国议会废除谷物法,标志着英国自由贸易政策的确立,两年后废除航海条例,自由贸易替代了保护贸易 公元1848年 ·英国开尔文提出热力学温标和绝对零度是温度的下限 公元1849~1851年 ·英国考古学家A.H.莱亚德在伊拉克摩苏尔发掘古代新亚述帝国都城尼尼微遗址时,发现大批艺术珍品和新 亚述国王“阿苏尔巴尼帕图书馆”中的大量楔形文字,轰动欧洲 公元1850年 英国伦敦用漂白粉消毒饮用水 ·英国E.福布斯编成第一幅海产生物分布图 公元1851年 ·英国建成水晶宫,为现代建筑先驱工程之一

·首届世界博览会在英国伦敦举行 公元1852年 英国社会学家、哲学家H.斯宾塞的论文《进化的假说》发表,首次提出社会进化论思想 公元1853年 ·英国同俄国的克里木战争发生 ·英国W.汤姆森给出电路振荡方程,并导出振荡频率,为电振荡理论的开端 公元1854年 ·英国J.斯诺调查伦敦霍乱大流行,证明霍乱与水源卫生的关系,促进城市公共卫生运动 ·英国F.南丁格尔率护士赴克里木战场,返英后于1860年创办世界第一所护校 公元1856年 ·英国H.贝塞麦发明转炉炼钢 公元1856~1864年 ·英国K.W.西门子和法国P.E.马丁发明平炉炼钢 公元1857年

英国名胜介绍(英文版)

London introduction London,the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Europe's largest city, one of the world's two major(主要)center city, is one of the most prosperous(繁荣的)global city. London is the center of economic(经济的)financial(财务的)and trade (贸易)in Europe and the United States of New York, tied for the world's most important financial center. The Big Ben, Tower Bridge Big Ben is Elizabeth Tower. London's famous ancient(报时)bell, the palace of Westminster clock. The British Parliament (英国国会)meeting hall clock tower, built in 1859. Tower bridge is the Tower Bridge of London. Tower Bridge of London is the first bridge the river Thames from where it begins, is a symbol (象征)of London, "London front gate", was built in 1886. The London Eye The London Eye, The London Eye, British Airways, also known as the Millennium(千禧)Wheel, is located(位于)the banks of the river Thames in London, is the world's fourth largest Ferris wheel, is one of the landmarks(标志)of London, is one of the most attractive(具有吸引力的)tourist attractions(旅游景点)in London. Thames River Thames River is a famous British mother river, rising in southwest Coates Ward Hills(科茨沃特丘陵)of England, 338 kilometers in length. Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the Royal Palace(王宫), built in 1703 and named for the Duke of Buckingham(以白金汉公爵命名). Westminster Cathedral Westminster Cathedral(威斯敏斯特大教堂)is located in the North Bank of the Thames River, was a Benedictine monastery(修道院), founded(成立)in the year 960 ad(公元960年), was expanded(扩建)in 1045, built in 1065. Tate Museum of Contemporary Art The Tate Museum of Contemporary Art(泰特现代美术馆)is located in the South Bank of Thames River, face each other across the river and the St.Paul's Cathedral, connecting(连接)them is the Millennium Bridge across Thames River. St.Paul's Cathedral St.Paul's Cathedral located in London, a representative(代表)of Baroque style architecture (巴洛克风格的建筑), is the world's second largest dome(圆顶)of the church, it imitated(模仿的)Papal Basilica(教皇的教堂)of Saint Peter in Rome(整体为罗马圣彼得大教堂), is the representative of British classical architecture. University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a public university located in the city of Oxford, founded in 1167, is the oldest university in the English speaking world. Stratford Evan upon Avon Ford (埃文的斯特拉特福德)(Stratford) is located on the banks of the Evan River, a beautiful city is the greatest playwright(剧作家)of England, the hometown of Shakespeare(莎士比亚).

英国文学史作家及作品(重要表格)

英美文学选读(英国文学部分) Period Life Time Name CN Nane Writings CN Writings Renaissance1500-1660Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯 宾赛 The Faerie Queen仙后 Blank verse University wit Christopher Marlowe 克里斯扥 夫.马洛 Tamburlaine Dr Fauctus The Jew of Malta 帖木耳大帝 弗士德博士的悲剧 马耳他的犹太人 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士 比亚 The Merchant of Venice Hamlet The Tempest 威尼斯商人 哈姆雷特 暴风雨 叙事诗 十四行诗 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯. 培根 Essays Of Studies 论说文 论学习 John Donne约翰.邓恩 The Sun Rising Death Be Not Proud John Milton 约翰.弥尔 顿 Lycidas Paradise Lost Paradise Regained Samson Agonistes 利西达斯 失乐园 复乐园 力士参孙 Neoclassical Period 1660-1798John Bunyan约翰.班杨The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程Alexander Pope 亚历山大. 蒲伯 An Essay on Criticism论批评 1660-1731Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛 弗 Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯 威特 Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔 丁 The History of The Adventures of Joseph Andrew The History of Jonathan Wild the Great The History of Tom Jons 约瑟夫.安德鲁 伟大的乔纳森.怀尔 德 汤姆.琼斯Samuel Johnson 赛缪尔.约 翰逊 A Dictionary of the English Language To the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield 英语大词典 致切斯特菲尔德勋 爵的信 Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德德. 比.谢立丹 The School of Scandal造谣学校Thomas Gray 扥马斯.格 雷 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 写在教堂墓地的挽 歌 Romantic1798-1870William Blake 威廉.布莱 克 Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天真之歌 经验之歌 天堂与地狱联姻 先知书 William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹 华斯 Lyrical Ballads Tintern Abbey Prelude 抒情歌谣集 丁登寺旁 序曲 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔.特 勒.科勒律 治 The Rime of The Ancient Mariner Kubla Khan Christalbel Biographia Literaria 老水手之行 忽必烈汉 克丽斯塔贝尔 文学传记 George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登. 拜伦 Childe Harold Don Juan 洽尔德.哈罗德游记 唐璜 该隐 Percy Bysshe Shelley 铂.比.雪莱 Ode to the West Wind To a Skylark 西风颂 云雀颂

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