TOEFL IBT机经

综合部分：

阅读:high school science instructors is hard to find:

1low salaries

2needed to be certified by government which need at least one more year study.

3:teach basic science is boring,cut from latest information.

听力:

Magnet science school,solve all the problems

1.require companies to support.

2.can take the certification during their first teaching year.

3.challenge courses.Cover a lot,subfield,inter-courses,own research or tutor students do....

独立部分：People who do not work but have enough money rarely feel happy.

2007/11/9

综合部分：

1：恐龙是温血动物，要是冷血动物的话，他们难以征服其他的动物。

2：恐龙是温血动物，只有是温血动物，才有足够的能量哺育下一代，有化石可以证明恐龙哺育下一代的特点。

3：恐龙的毛发的特征，同其他鸟类及哺乳动物类似，应该是温血动物。

听力一一驳斥：

1：一恐龙叫k的是冷血动物，人家还征服其他的动物呢

2：化石不足以证明，说不定恐龙父母根本没照顾小恐龙，同时小恐龙就住在父母巢穴的附近呢。

3：人家的毛发有其他用途：比如：只是为了display,或者吸引mate用的

独立部分

DO YOU agree or disagree:the cars has had a greater effect on the society than the airplane

2007/11/11综合部分：

阅读:the number of birds will decline

1:the expansion of population导致人类的建筑增多，毁了birds的habitats

2:the expansion of population导致agriculture用地的增加，convert wild land into agricultural use,so birds的habitats又减少了/

3:the use of chemical pesticide可以毒到birds,

听力：反驳：

1.人类建筑也可以作为birds的habitats

2.agriculture的用地实际上less，agriculture通过new variety of food解决increasing population的问题,

3.two solutions to the use of pesticide.

(1)new and less toxic pesticide

(2)pest-resistance crop that is not harmful to birds

独立部分：do you agree or disagree:

most of advertisement make products seem better than what they are actually

2007/12/1

阅读：说一个on sale的画像，人们说那画的就是Jane Austen，evidence有三：

1.她的家人说是

2.画像里的人脸部结构像C的一个作品，而他的那个作品就是画的年轻时的JA

3.忘了。。。5

听力一一驳斥：

1.她家人授权JA的头像时JA已经死了70年了，教授怀疑他们自己家人都不知道她长什么模样

2.构造像不算数，因为可能是她的cousin或cousin的offsping，因为JA的家族很大。

3.贴在画像上的一个stamp是Ml发行的，而这邮票在伦敦发行时JA已经23了，所以不可能是JA年轻时的画像

：agree or disagree：People should not pay for public transportation

2007/12/8

综合部分：the change of factory：

阅读讲了三个原因：

1技术进步

2私有权利得到加强

3通过减少运输费用来降低成本）

听力——驳斥8i;K7o"Y#

独立部分：我们应不应该把土地用来保护快要灭绝的动物？

2007/12/15

综合写作说为了森林事业的可持续发展，某组织要进行一种“eco-certified”的认证，通过这个认证了，就说明公司的wood product是森林可持续发展友好型的产品。v-I p5``.q B,_

阅读：美国公司不会接受该认证。

（1）市场上产品和广告太多，很多产品都说自己好。消费者都无从选择了，并且消费者已开始对诸多所谓认证的可靠性产生怀疑了。

（2美国消费者更关心价格。认证得花钱啊，增加成本了，就不得不提高了自己产品的价格。但鬼才愿意当冤大头出高价呢，美国消费者是不愿意的。结果买自己产品的人就少了。%r5U9Y J4q

（3）美国公司更关心国内市场，而不是国际上的发展和标准，因为他们市场和消费者主要在国内。m0x5H

听力一一反驳了2D"r*X W

(1这人跟人的消费习惯是不同的，他们是在不同的时间不同地点购买不同产品的啊，不能以偏概全，是不？也许不少美国消费者，真会考虑国际标准和认证等等呢。

(2当然是人就关心价格了。但是只有价格相差很大时候大家才会对人产生显著影响。如果价格差不多的话，美国消费者会愿意多花几块钱买环境友好型产品的。毕竟，美国消费者也是关心环保的嘛。

(3美国公司不关心国际市场但总得关心国际竞争吧。你不开拓国际市场，不等于别人不开拓美国市场啊。如果美国公司跟不上形势，动作slow了，到时候国际竞争者在环保产品上抢先了，它们会连国内市场都丢掉的。到那时候，丫就等着哭吧。

独立部分：该重视学习concepts&ideas，还是重视学习facts？

综合部分：化石买卖

阅读：这不好，因为

1.被有钱人买了，school和public就看不了了

2.有些重大的科学发现可能因为科学家看不见化石所以耽误了

3.商人和有钱人不懂怎么保护化石，容易把它不小心毁坏。

听力：

1.(这点不确定，郁闷中...)

2.说化石一经发现肯定先经过科学家之手嘛，如果真有价值不可能流入市场

3.说化石刚被挖掘出时也难免有损坏啊，怎么也比一直放那没人发现它强吧。

独立部分：do extended family have less importance than past?

2007/9/15

综合部分：有个远古鸟类的fossil,证明鸟和raptile还是有关系的。

阅读：这个fossil was a fake

1.it was found just2years after Darwin published his theory，有造假嫌疑。

2.limestone太清晰了，不像是自然形成

3.这fossil有两半，但竟然不能fit the other perfectly.

听力：

1干吗科学家们要去弄个假的就为了Support Darwin，还把它放在Museum上展出？

2这个化石是在Germany的什么地方发现的，这个地方很有可能出现这种化石，举了个Grain found in that place的例子。

3这两半化石拼不上是因为有个科学家把一部分Remove去和raptile作对照了，当然拼不上。

独立部分：A job in which you can work with others is better than the job in which you work alone.

2007/9/12

综合部分：Anasazi,a Native American who lived in what is now southern America,原本住在悬崖边，后来突然消失了。讨论为什么。

阅读：neighboring people attack.

1).Important locations were burned.

2)staff scattered around,indicating they left abruptly.May be by force.

3)they were in the height of the culture.Population was growing.They also had一些灌溉，储水以备干旱的设施。他们的文化正在欣欣向荣发展中，不可能离开这里。

听力：离开原因是干旱。

1）他们自己烧的东西，不是别人。很多文化离开前烧掉东西的特征。

2）他们自己决定离开了，由于匆忙只带上食物和水等必需品。这里有些没听清，少了些材料。

3）这个地方遭受旱灾，从他们的设施可以看出来。尤其是人口增长对水等资源需求增加了，

现有资源不能满足了，人们决定离开。

独立部分：

should people be allowed to use mobile phones in public transportation or not?Why？

2007/8/17

综合写作：

关于一种蜘蛛织的网ore web的好处

阅读：1.演变后的feature通常比较有优势，这种网在蜘蛛中widespread，说明比其它的好

2.efficient in resource说蜘蛛编这种网用silk，然后说这种网的surface很大，更有利于补猎物

3.efficient in location蜘蛛更容易identify and locate the prey

听力

1.尽管widespread，但有一种spider switch to another type,如果这种好的话，为什么要改变编网方式

2.这种网easy to destroy，the spider should replace it with new one everyday,which decrease the efficiency

3.spider is in the center of the web，which increase the danger of being discovered by the predator

独立写作：Agree or disagree

The advice you take from the friends who are older than you is valuable than that taken form the friends your age。

2007/8/11

综合部分：online drug stores的好与坏。

阅读：坏，因为

1政府说药是untested，不建议买。

2没有专业人士指导

3药的质量无法保证，很多是拿了在国外的药来卖。

听力：好，因为

1每个人都有权利选择自己要买什么样，不能因为没有经过official permit都不允许别人买2online的问答system很完善，而且人们可以在online database得到相关信息

3即使药是在外国销售的，但实际上无论质量还是dose，其实是一样的，只是药本身就是在国外卖的比在美国便宜。独立部分The only effective way to encourage energy conservation si by increasing prices of gasoline and electricity

2007/8/4

综合部分：关于一种史前人类是否具有语言能力。阅读：认为这种人类是由语言能力的，因为：

1brain was large

2bones system protecting the tongue nervous!

3breath control.

听力

1语言能力与brain size无关，而与大脑内部的结构有关。

2bones system与语言能力无关。举了个猴子的例子，说这种猴子也有很好的bones system，但不会说话。

3breath control可能有其他方面的功能。比如长距离跑步也需要breath control。

独立写作The next twenty years from now on,students will not use printed books any more

2007/7/28

综合部分：说美国的national parks到底该不该收门票

阅读：不该收，三个理由如下

1那是公有财产，belong to all people，没道理收

2收了会discourage people from going theren#u!2X5r

3会让工作人员整天忙着收票数钱没时间提供更必须的服务了。

听力：应该收

1虽然belong to all people,但是不意味着能used by all people,大家都要付税，不收票的话对不去公园的人来说不公平，去的人应该买门票以给予公园direct support.

2收票会encourage people to go to less famous however cheaper parks,通过调整门票来调整各个公园的人数

3这样会给工作人员一个与游客面对面接触的机会，以了解他们的需要提供更好的服务，同时对安全也好，因为可以知道who is in the park.

独立部分：是不是应该给每个大学生都开始历史课，不论专业如何。

2007/7/21

综合部分：dodo这种鸟的灭绝是否与Dutch的settlement有关

阅读：1DODO被猎杀食肉

2DODO的生活的FOREST被DUTCH砍伐

3DODO生活的海水被污染

听力：

1DODO在DUTCH语言中的意思是不好，所以DODO的肉一定不好吃，TOUGH

2DODO灭绝的时候还有大片树存在

3DODO的骨头在其他动物的化石中找到，而且数量很多。100年前有CYCLON，导致DODO数量急剧下降，后来灭绝。

独立部分：modern society has become more complex,so it is essential for the young people to have the ability to plan and organize

2007/7/14

阅读：成年人参与孩子的玩耍有诸多好处：

1）为孩子们专门设计一个符合他们需要的场所。孩子们可以在室内玩各种玩具而不必担心受伤，如果他们做出危险举动成年人可以及时制止

2）为孩子计划scheduled play date。成年人可以决定孩子的玩伴、玩耍地点和玩耍时间。而且在孩子们一起玩的时候大人们也可以socialize

3）可以为孩子们设计寓教于乐的游戏。过去孩子们在玩的时候只能锻炼身体，现在则可以

一般玩一边学习知识。

听力

1）孩子们没有机会try，无法学会self-control和a sense of danger

2）孩子们不能培养their own social skills（例如和陌生人交流），而尽早地培养这些skills是很重要的

3）孩子们在学校里学得够多了，而且某些游戏（比如fight monsters）可以培养创造力和想象力，提升智力

独立部分：Newspapers can truly help people understand world events.Televison news doesn’t provide enough information.

2007/7/7

综合部分

阅读:一种新的生物塑料的优点

1)biodegradable,可降解-->reduce waste of landfill

2)environmentally freindly and reduce energy,60%-70%

3)outperformance for some purposes

听力:

1)在certain conditions下才可降解,warm for>1wk;heat,moisture

2)grow crops-->using chemicals-->cause water pollution,instead of air pollution;

besides,cultivation and harvesting require energy,

3)inferior in some condition,eg:CD

--独立agree/disagree

univercity students should be required to take basic science classes even they are not part of the field of the study.

2007/6/30

综合部分

阅读：

1.web storybooks教孩子阅读，还可以教单个单词发音

2.经典故事可以在线看，不要钱

3.在家读给孩子听，父母省时间

听力

1.no feedback,不能determine孩子读得正确与否

2.经典故事孩子不喜欢，流行的需要网上付费

3.父母应该多陪孩子，而不是省这点时间

独立部分：letting friends make mistakes rather than pointing out which might destory the friendship?

2007/6/24

综合作文

阅读：biofuel使用的负面影响

1担心对粮食作物使用过多

2会造成作物价格上升

3会使人们转向不健康的替代品

听力

1只占其中一小部分

2燃料的便宜会使交通成本下降而降低其他物品的价格和规模经济

3人们的不健康是由于不健康的肉食造成的

独立部分：is it better to finish a project completely and then start another project or finish two projects at one time?

2007/6/16

o综合部分：

科学家推测：某一个洞穴的原始人的生存年代是12500年以前

reading说这个数据很可疑：

1）洞穴里面找不到特殊的工具，原始人应该要有这些工具来捕猎

2）洞穴的土壤并没有被干扰过的痕迹

3）有一个叫bitumen（沥青）的东西，会干扰Carbon测量年代的方法

listening反驳：

1）原始人只捕猎小动物，用石头和弓就可以，不用特殊的工具

2）洞穴土壤没有被干扰，但是有一个pit的东西，云云（汗，我忘了）

3）bitumen虽然干扰，但是很有其他很多方法，都证明数据是对的，而bitumen只影响其中一个方法罢了

独立部分：agree or disagree:parents can no longer control the things their children do;because the children's behavior is affected by the TV and the movies.

2007/5/18

综合部分：

阅读：.关于月球怎么形成的，有一种理论giant-impact理论，月球是地球被撞了之后，分离出去的rock形成的，很多科学家认为其漏洞百出

（1）地球上没被撞的证据

（2）月球上没水

（3）月球密度比地球小

听力

（1）碰撞发生在几亿年前，地壳运动所以找不到证据

（2）水被碰撞时产生的热量蒸发掉了（3）密度是平均值，被撞出去的是外层的岩石，外面当然比里面的轻。

独立部分：你愿意把钱花在持久的东西上，如珠宝，还是花在旅行等上？

综合部分

阅读：某种dioxide的3种危害：

1.结合其他东东产生partical会让空气变的less visible

2形成酸雨

3.危害健康

听力

1.反而有好处，让地球不会太热，就少了温室效应

2其实还有其他更有危害的东西来形成酸雨

3人们生病是因为之前就被一些污染给毒了，只有消除那些污染，才有作用。

独立部分

better to watch serious movies that make you to think,or watch movies that designed primarily to amuse and entertain you?

2007/3/17

作文:

综合部分

1.美国的"let it burn"policy好不好:

Reading：不好：1：烧光植物2：灭了动物3:没游客了,亏钱

listen：好：1：给新品种植物机会发展2增添新动物，丰富食物链3：不会年年有火灾，游客会回来的

独立部分：to be successful要不要take risks than just learn what we've already know

2007/3/10

综合：

阅读：speed camera怎么enforce speed limit police的。讲三点好处：

1有效限速

2取代警察，警察闲着

3为法庭辩论提供公平证据；

听力：

1司机会在两个cameras之间提速，接近一个camera时再减速，速度还是没限制成

2二人们开车时还会打电话什么的很危险的一些行为，如果没警察，没人管，很危险

3有时这个camera不能有效工作，会有些错误纪录，影响在法庭上证据的可信性。

独立：是否同意老师教给学生树立自信比教具体的知识重要。

2007/3/4

综合写作：.阅读：fish farming带来harmful consequences and should be discontinued:J3q'W/理由：

1fish farming养殖密度大，使海洋鱼类数量减少

2养鱼使用chemical substances给人们带来unpredictable的后果

3wild fish被用来制造养鱼用的饲料，而且好多wild fish只能造出不多的饲料，导致海洋中蛋白质的种类减少

1commercial farming才会使鱼类数量骤减，如果管理得当，fish farming还可以让鱼类数量rebound

其他食品像pork等等也有chemical substance,跟他们的巨大消费量比较，鱼类自身所含的chemical substances的影响小的多

3许多wild fish不适合人类使用，这么做实际上是把不能吃的转化为能吃的edible

独立写作：Should the ability to cooperate well with others be more important than it was in the past time?

2007/3/3

综合部分：

阅读：关于zebra mussle是一种很危险的生物，怕会影响倒NORTH AFRICA的淡水鱼的繁殖。原因如下

1不可阻止，因为它们会附在船底和ballast water中

2会主宰新的环境，大量繁殖，因为没有天敌

3会减少当地鱼群的数量。

听力

1船可以在海上。。。，海水会杀死它们，且人们现在有个更多知识对付他们。

2，他们主宰只是开始，一段时间后一种鸟会吃他们。

3只有部分鱼才会受他们的影响

独立部分：同不同意人们有太多事要做以至于只能干成很少的事。

2007/2/24

写作：1是讲美国木材公司要不要考虑给自己的产品申请certification.

文和听是相反的。

Do you agree or disagree the following statement:It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts

2007/2/10

作文

1communal online eycle.....什么什么的，那单词实在是太长了。说的就是网上公开的资料，大家一起开发，编辑，更新的，感觉应该就是在说Wikipedia

reading:说这种online的不如tradition的（就是印在纸上的）好

1不科学，不严谨

2不安全，会有黑客和讨厌的人随意篡改销毁

3什么流行写什么，不像tradition的有取有舍

listening

1这世间没有不出错的东西，on还是off line的东西都一样会出错，无可厚非

2会设置成只读或者安排专门的editor选择哪些修改可以通过，哪些不行

3这正是online的优点，不受空间的限制，所以可以海纳百川，无所不包

独立部分：Do you agree that our lives are better than our grandparents'lives when they were young？

2007/2/3

作文：新的测谎仪。,

passage

1正确判断谎言，以前用bodily的测试，现在是brain的测试，客观，难以被人控制。

2用于法庭做证据。因为更灵敏。

3用于其他相关领域。测试假装的感情等。

lecture

1既然说谎是mental activity，那说明还是可以控制的，尤其是有的人能控制身体的，那么也会有人能控制脑子的

2太敏感了不好。不利于保护那些说真话的人。他们的证词不被seriously考虑。

3problem than benefit.在政治和商业场合，人们不得不说假话，对那些不喜欢的人也要polite，然后人们批retended feelings正常且有必要。

独立部分：看电视比看书学的多

2007/1/27

写作

1阅读文章中讲在水中加入氟化物,好处有三

(1)人们平时用水就可以利用了.

(2)杀死有害细菌和微生物.

(3)减少骨折发生的概率.

听力文章一一驳斥

(1)加在水里inefficient and wasteful.不如加在toothpaste中.(F(].E/]:J$X

(2)有其他的净水方法,这种不好,因为输水的是metal pipe,而氟化物会和pipe里面的lead反应,lead就被release了,在水中对人体有害.

(3)如果水中氟化物过多易让人骨折.

2Do you agree or disagree:the ability to speak well is more important than the ability to write well

综合部分

阅读：Deccan Traps的火山爆发，听力说其它原因

1huge crater

阅读：是火上把大石块弄上天空了；听力：不可能，要比那个大很多

2atomsphere gas and dust

阅读：是火山爆发引起的；听力：the gas in atomsphere is very strange，然后有个词，屏幕上有3time

阅读:时间是正好;听力:K-T extinction is very quickly,took about a few thousands of years，not a miilion years

独立部分：Do you agree the statement that High school,colleges,universitiesshould less the time teach g subjects and more time preparing thestudents of specific careers and jobs

2007。10。20

综合部分

阅读：好像是讲病人应该知道自己的病情（有点不记得了）

听力：和阅读对仗很工整

独立部分

是否同意：花更多的时间在工作上比花时间和家人在一起更重要

2007。11。24

综合部分

阅读：动物园的存在对动物有益

1动物有保护不会灭绝

2方便观察研究

3可以让人们增长知识

听力

1动物园的动物很少，基因很有限，没有办法保证动物的数量

2动物在动物园被喂养，不象野外的，它们的行为没有观察价值

3动物园是娱乐的地方，人们去动物园就像去学校。这样的话还不如在家看video

独立部分

是否同意：20年后的人会比现在的人更少做饭

2007年1月19日新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

passage内容：有些学者认为Marco Polo没去过中国理由如下：1.Marco Polo是在元朝时期造访中国的，但是他在书中却用Persian（而不是Chinese和Mongolian）记录中国的几个地名；2.他没提到中国非常著名的的茶和茶馆；3.元朝的宫廷记录中没有他的名字。lecture内容：教授不同意以上的观点，原因如下:1.Persian是蒙古国的官方通用语；2.Marco Polo只去了北方（皇室都在北方）,没去南方,而茶文化在南方流行；3.按照蒙古人的传统应该是给马可波罗取了一个中文名字，而不是直接用他原来的名字，之所以找不到纪录是因为现在没人知道当时怎么称呼他的。（可能是纪录丢失了）我们不知道马的中文名字，不能说明record里没有马的名字。

独立写作Do you agree or disagree:Most people prefer others making decision for them than making a decision for themselves.

2007年1月14日新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

Anasazi是一个古老的民族，但是突然消失了，好奇怪哦。有人就说了，肯定是干旱，俺们来分析分析1.他们消失的时候正式global warming的时候，这一warming那还不得旱死啊2.他们留下很多蓄水工程，dam canal等等，一看就是收到干旱的迫害很多年了都3.人口多，干旱造成粮食供应不足。

独立写作do drivers have to pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when traffic is in a great amount.

2006.12.16新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

阅读关于新物种引入所带来的负面影响：破坏生态平衡，破坏当地资源，破坏当地经济1．imported species may do harm to local ecosystem2．imported species destroy the useful aspects of local species.3.imported species adds the local economic burden

听力分别反驳三个观点，对得很工整：1。农作物引入是一个好事情2。对于资源的破坏要取决于各地的情况，一种叫cano tode的动物（reading中的例子）引入以后帮助了Florida 消除害虫3。对于经济的破坏也要看不同经济，一种叫mes-的植物（也是reading中的例子），成为了人们喂养牲畜的饲料和生火的燃料1.imported species doesn’t always do harm to local ecosystem，以agriculture为例2．imported species doesn’t always destroy the useful aspects of local species,it depends on local circumstance.以Florida引进的toad为例。3.imported species adds the local economic burden,it depends on local circumstance.以Mesquite imported into Africa 为例，food and firewood。

独立写作

同意不同意：一个聪明的朋友比一个幽默的朋友重要

2006.12.15新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

很简单讲literature的reader没有以前多lecture反驳:书太难懂literature的form有很多television,music video,Web page都是literaure好像还有但现在想不起来了...

独立写作

the internet provides people with a lot of valuable information,some think it creats problem发表你的观点and why

2007年1月13日新托福考试机经写作部分

1、综合写作：

文章：某人认为中国人比哥伦布更早发现美洲大陆，理由如下：1、美国某海岸发现了人为制造的道路，有类似中文的符号；2、美国某地方发现了特殊的锚，这种锚具有特殊的形状，只有中国人用这种锚。3、美国某地方发现了一种形状特殊的塔，建筑风格很像中国的。

讲座：对三条论据逐一进行驳斥：1、地理学家表明这种路是自然形成的，并非认为；2、这种锚中国人用了很长时间，可能通过交换给了其他国家的船队；3、在英格兰地区也发现了这种塔。

2、独立写作：同意或不同意：老师应该每天给学生留作业。

Many teachers assign homework to students every day.Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students?Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

2006.12.08新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

Reading：

商业广告不吸引人了，商家用＂BUZZER＂来做广告．三大弊端：CUSTOM失去了真相，CONSUMER被HARM，特别是给SOCIETY带来了危害：人与人之间失去了信任

Listening:

一商学院的MARKETING课请了一个BUZZER来讲课。这一TELEPHONE COMPANY的BUSSER强烈抗议了READING的论述．?CUSTOM不但没有LOST THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PRODUCTS，而是真正用过PRODUCT知道其好处的BUZZER将TRUTH告诉他们。?CONSUMER没被HARM，而是得到了BUZZER殚精竭力的帮助。?危害社会更是瞎扯蛋，IN FACT，BUZZER让大家都来相互帮助用上各种好产品，相互交流让世界更美好。

独立写作

It is better to learn broad subjects or specialize a special subject.(185里面的经典题目)

2006.12.03新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

西伯利亚那个离奇的爆炸:Tunguska explosion is not cause by astroid but bt the "swamp gas"explosion because there is no craters left and found on earth.And there

is a astroid fall down Canada,there they find craters.The reading说这个explosion不是由asteroid掉下来引起的.

举了三点:i.要是asteroid的话应该会有particle留下来，比如加拿大某地的asteroid explosion就找到了很多残骸，可是这里找不到这些证据。ii.要是asteroid 的话应该砸了地面以后会形成crator，可是事实上没有。iii.新理论methane（甲烷）爆炸理论。这样没有弹坑没有颗粒就可以解释了。

Professor彻底否认了reading教授对些进行了严厉的反驳:先说,大家都看过文章了吧,好,我现在要开始反驳了：i.加拿大那个爆炸人们两周之后就去找残留物了废话能找到，可是T这个地方的人们在爆炸18年过后才去找碎片当然找不到，早就被融化的冰水冲走了。ii.谁说天外飞星就一定要有crater了?asteroid可能在atmosphere中就由于heating爆炸了，弹坑也可以没有，如果是在高空的话。并不一定非要在surface上才爆炸。爆炸的也没留下大坑呢.铁质陨石有crater，石质陨石可能没有iii.如果是gas explosion的话不会concentrate在一点的，而事实上留下的痕迹是有一个single中心。从爆炸点附近树木的倒下方式来看爆炸位于空中x公里。这不可能是沼气干的。而且沼气这种东东不可能只在单个地点聚集。

独立写作

185里面的第72题。AorDA:Grades(marks)encourage student to learn.

TWE中的原文如下：72.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Grades(marks)encourage students to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2e15008104.html,e specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

2006.12.01新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

阅读材料：说火星上有生物：1.有甲烷，是产甲烷菌产生的 2.来自火星的陨石中有晶体，这种晶体是细菌产生的。 3.有水，说火星上有液态的水。。

听力材料：1.甲烷可能是火山喷出来的 2.晶体可能是地球上的细菌产生的 3.水可能是冰产生的。就此三点推翻该论点。

独立写作

classmates are a more important influence than parents on a child's success in school?同不同意？

2006.11.19新托福考试机经写作部分

阅读材料：讨论鸟迁徙根据什么辨别方向。三个方法：一，鸟类根据天体的位置来辨别方向；二，鸟根据地貌特征，如山脉、河流，鸟类可以记住这些地貌；三，鸟体内有磁场，和地球的天然磁场有感应。

听力材料：一一说明这三个方面都不全面。一，有研究称太阳和月亮被云挡住了，鸟还是可以顺利飞行；二，鸟根据地貌特征，可以记住山脉什么的，鸟在从来没有去过的地方也能飞回去；三，compass只能指方向,不能告诉你离目的地还有多远也不能告诉出发的位置。所以三种理论都片面。问题：写出listening 里的观点，比较reading,写一篇作文。

独立写作

Is it more important to choose a subject of your interest than subjects prepare you for a job or career？

2006.11.18新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

Topic:salvage logging文章与lecture说的话，一一对应，对应得非常公整，连顺序都是一样的

阅读材料：森林发生火灾后，应该要把已烧掉的灰烬清除（remove掉），这种remove的方法就叫salvage logging。它的好处为：1.烧掉的树渣（树木烧完之后的剩余物）会阻碍新的树的生长，因此要把这些清理掉。2.这些树渣会滋生一些insect,这些insect有害于森林和人类。 3.economic advantage.这个salvage logging需要很多人力，这个可以给当地带来就业的机会。并且有些树渣还可以利用。由。

听力材料：完全的refute the writer.1.树渣会使土壤肥沃，更有益于新的树木的生长，不应该除去。 2.确实会产生insects,不过那些insects不会有什么坏处，而且还可以给鸟类提供食物。3.用于森林管理用的helicopter以及vehicle的费用太昂贵。而且Salvage logging带来的Economic advantage是temporary的。应该聘请专业人士。

独立写作

The best way to travel is in a group led by the guide.

2006.11.17新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

是讲give students grade的衡量标准:

1，Attendance to class(motivate students to attend class regularly),

2，Participate in discuss(be active)

3，effort of semester grad(encourage to take challenging courses)这三方面被认为是重要的标准，然后分别给出了选择这三方面的理由。

听力材料：针对这三方面给予反驳，认为这些并不是有效的方法，并通过举例支持观点。这个不是很难，认真听就可以。

1，他们上课也不定在听，也许daydreaming。而且有些人真的有事上不了课，就会挫败积极性，因为他们已经拿不到高分了

2，Quality of discuss会下降，他们也许会discuss silly and pointless的东西导致上课更boring…

3，看上去effort也不一定就真正学懂了，要学生学challenging的课程最好提供extra help等等

问题：写出listening里的观点，比较reading,写一篇作文。

独立写作

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Being happy with a job than having a high https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2e15008104.html,e specific reasons and details to explain your opinion. 2006.11.5新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

阅读材料：美国政府制定了严格的法律保护老建筑,有人持反对意见:

首先：老房子设备老化不适合居住;

其次：老房子和周边新建社区不协调;

最后：老房子维护成本高;

听力材料：LISTENINGMATERIAL里面,教授做了严正驳斥：

首先老房子设备虽老,但还是很有吸引力，可以装饰现代设施；

其次：有些“发展”未必好，是外部压力导致的发展，通常是开发商而不是居民觉得老房子不协调;

最后：老房子能吸引游客,做到收支平衡

独立写作

大学往往让学生通过TEAM WORK完成PROJECT,然后给TEAM MEMBER打上同样的分数,你觉得这样好吗?

2006.11.3新托福考试机经写作部分

综合写作

阅读材料：说VCD教育应该替代TEXTBOOK,三个原因： 1.1.VCD生动活泼,够ATTRACTIVE，还可以随意划分内容，便与教师根据需要播放。2.2.可以让学生更容易理解,而不是去理解那些深奥的教材;3.3.VCD成本低，能重复使用。

听力材料：是一个女教授开始反驳：1．VCD生动,但是内容有限,且观点可能不够客观(SIMPLIFY LEARNING，INFORMATION不充分，学习变得ONE-SIDED);2．如果是VCD 的话,学生的阅读能力就没了;3．VCD成本不低,因为还要算上仪器设备的钱呢;4．VCD 时间有限,完了就完了（一说并且万一停电之VCD就breakdown了）,没的复习和参考了,学生学不到东西,所以用VCD教学还是浪费时间。

P.S有机经反映教授在听力材料中也是肯定了VCD的优点的。

另附一个“机经”的“开篇”1.Summarize the Points made in the Lecture being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage。

video teach的好处Recently educatorus in many disciplines have begun using instructional videos instead of printed texts as teaching materials for their students.This is a positive trend video teaching tools have several advantages over the written word that would allow them to replace much of the current reliance on textbooks.

When teachers use videos rather than textbooks in their classroom.Students become more emotionally engaged with the material.This is particularly useful in fields such as history and social studies where the human interest of the material can easily get lost because of dry writing. Educational videos are designed to engage the viewer’s emotions making video more adsorbing and memorable than written texts.Second…….A final advantage of……

独立写作

就职于大公司还是小公司好？Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：It is better to work for a large company than to work for a small company.

托福独立写作机经范文5篇

As the economy and technology develop at an incredible speed in today’s society, there are an increasing number of people believing that the most important problems affecting our society today could be solved within our lifetime. In my view, however, this is out of the question and the three most significant problems affecting the society, namely war, environmental destruction and disease, will still influence us and may not be entirely resolved forever. War is a problem afflicting humans since they took into being in the first place. Wars take place when different countries have conflicting benefits, which is unlikely to be eliminated as long as the boundaries between countries still exist. For instance, in the Middle East where water is extremely scarce, many countries are in conflict in contention for water resources. Since every country acts for the sake of its own benefit, it seems that people in the region are incapable of living together in harmony. Eternal world peace, therefore, is unlikely to be achieved in our lifetime. Environmental destruction emerged not long before but it is becoming increasingly severe and can not be ignored. With the large-scale utilization of fossil fuels and rapid development of industry, huge amounts of pollutants are being produced, contaminating the environment to a large degree. The disposal of these pollutants being a tough task, it is hardly possible that we can completely get rid of them within a short period of time. Furthermore, even if we can come up with optimal methods for dealing with these substances, there remains the problem that these methods may cost too much and obstruct the development of economy. Last but not least, the well-being of people around the world is threatened by a variety of diseases, ranging from AIDS to cancer, the cures for which have not been discovered yet. Diseases set off panics among humans, affect their normal life and leave people badly off with the high medical expenses. There are thousands of scientists devoting themselves to finding cure for diseases, but new types of diseases keep emerging and there is no eliminating all of them. In summary, the problems with the most significance today are going to be passed on to our offspring. To eliminate these problems thoroughly, there is still a long way to go.

托福写作 大作文机经题目汇总

1A/D: People who have different kinds of skills are more successful than those who have only one skill. 2A/D: In order to succeed, it’s better for a person to act the same as others rather than behave differently from others. 3A/D: It is important to make sure that others know about your strengths and accomplishments; if you are not so, you will be never successful in life. 4A/D: People who keep their room clean and tidy are more likely to be successful in the future. 5Is it easier to achieve success in the past or at present? 6A/D: People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happier than people who stay in their native village or town. 7A/D: It is more important for parents to set strict rules to their children if they want them to succeed in the future. 8A/D: For any business to be successful, it must spend more money on advertising. 9A/D: It is much easier for people to achieve success without their family members’ help now than in the past. 10A/D: People who cannot accept criticism will not succeed working in teams. 11A/D: The most important investment of a company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees. 12A/D: A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 13A/D: In the past, people were easier to identify a career or job which can give them a secure and successful future. 14A/D: People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from their own work.

牛人经验：托福iBT写作27 完全攻略

考托者应记住的几条公理 1，托福作文就是新八股文 2，托福作文只要练好了人人可以拿27+ 3，托福作文得高分不意味着你英语水平有多高 4，提高英语水平靠多听多读多背多说多写多练多译 首先让我们全面剖析新托福作文：（以下要求均为我自己的理解，非官方版本，官方要求请参照OG） integrated writing/综合写作:要求考生在3分钟内读一篇文章，然后听一个lecture，在20分 （注：文章内容和lecture 钟内根据文章和lecture内容写一篇250字左右文章比较两者的观点。 内容注定是对立的，如果你考的不是对立的，那只有一种可能，你的RP次到了人神共愤的地步了。） 综合写作的八股在于：第一段指出reading passage和lecture内容是对立的；第二、三、四段从三个方面/点来说明他们的内容是怎样对立的；第五段总结一下他们之间确实是对立关系。 independent writing/独立写作：给定一个题目，要求考生在30分钟内写出400字左右的文章，要求逻辑清晰，论述有力，无明显的语法和词法错误。 独立写作八股在于：第一段陈述你的观点，支持哪一方；第二、三、四段从三个方面论述你的观点；最后一段总结一下，综上所述，某某观点是正确的。

综合写作：模板，套模板，一定要套模板！ 理由：1，模板让你的思路更加清晰，这是ETS要求的。 2，20分钟！开玩笑，怎么凑到300字？当然要用模板！ 3，阅读听力我都不怕，就怕作文，写三句话错两句，我怎么得26+？当然还是用模板，既然是模板就意味着是你精挑细选的句子，保证了写作的质量！ 提醒：1，模板要富于变化，一篇只能用5句那你就要准备10句！ 2，模板不能一味照搬别人的，避免重复！ 3，保证模板里的句子没有语法和用词错误！ 一般来说，大家把一下几个句子稍微变形，即完成了综合写作第一步 1. The lecture discusses…which differs from the main idea in the reading that… （用于第一段） 2. The professor made the point that …The reading , in contrast, held a different v iew .（用于第一或第二三四段） 3. Another important point showed in the listening material is that …but the reading presents a conflicting idea that…（用于第三四段） 4. Finally, the professor stated that ...which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who said that...（用于第四段） 5. In general, the professor discussed the problem of …that the reading viewed in a contrary\opposing\different angle.（最后总结段） 6. According to the lecture… on the other hand \while the reading stated that … 7. The professor made the point that… on the contrary\ in contrast\ however, the writer demonstrated an ideathat… 8. The lecture supports\illustrates the idea that… 9. The lecture contradicts\refutes\ is contrary to\ is the opposite of the idea that… 10. Contrary to the belief in the passage that …the professor says that… 11. The professor refutes the viewpoint showed in the passage that… by saying that…（6-11均用于第二三四段） 大家可以把连接词变化一下，把动词变化一下或句式稍变，11句话灵活运用。 除了模板以外，综合写作我们还需要做什么？ 做笔记，做听力笔记！ 99．9%的情况下，综合写作的主体内容是三个对立的观点，所以大家只要把这个三个点记下来，然后把阅读里相应的三点抠出来放到模板里面去，你的综合写作就做完了，就是这么简单！

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